{"id":54601,"date":"2019-12-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-29T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vybiraem-hranilishhe-dannyh-dlya-prometheus-thanos-vs-victoriametrics"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:38","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:38","slug":"vybiraem-hranilishhe-dannyh-dlya-prometheus-thanos-vs-victoriametrics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybiraem-hranilishhe-dannyh-dlya-prometheus-thanos-vs-victoriametrics","title":{"rendered":"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ciao a tutti. Di seguito \u00e8 riportata la trascrizione <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HyOXAdQE0Pk\">della presentazione al Big Monitoring Meetup 4<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\">Prometheus<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2013 un sistema di monitoraggio per vari sistemi e servizi, che consente agli amministratori di sistema di raccogliere informazioni sui parametri attuali dei sistemi e di configurare avvisi per ricevere notifiche su eventuali malfunzionamenti.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nella presentazione verr\u00e0 effettuato un confronto <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\">Thanos<\/a><\/noindex> e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/VictoriaMetrics\/VictoriaMetrics\">VictoriaMetrics<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 progetti per la conservazione a lungo termine delle metriche di Prometheus.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/b65866353c1f816a8cb2a90af1ceac23.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"HyOXAdQE0Pk\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/HyOXAdQE0Pk\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Riproduci video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dc3c90711a8102d3e70b972ca47ec152.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e Prometheus. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 target&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435. Prometheus \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c alert&#8217;\u044b \u0438 recording rules. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e9852597e74c675d2216d971f19857c2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ogranicheniya-prometheus\">Limitazioni di Prometheus:<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Non dispone di una vista globale delle query. Questo accade quando avete pi\u00f9 istanze indipendenti di Prometheus che raccolgono metriche. E volete eseguire una query su tutte queste metriche raccolte da diverse istanze di Prometheus. Prometheus non lo consente.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423 prometheus \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c. Prometheus \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 target&#8217;\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 Prometheus&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>Il numero di metriche in Prometheus \u00e8 limitato a un solo server per lo stesso motivo per cui non pu\u00f2 scalare automaticamente su pi\u00f9 server.<\/li>\n<li>In Prometheus non \u00e8 cos\u00ec facile garantire la persistenza dei dati.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c140d41f1fe39d33e1fc84f5cc111481.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"resheniya-etih-problemzadach\">Quali sono le soluzioni a questi problemi?<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Le soluzioni sono:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\">Thanos<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/VictoriaMetrics\/VictoriaMetrics\">VictoriaMetrics<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/m3db\">Uber M3<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cortexproject\/cortex\">Cortex<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tutte queste soluzioni servono per l'archiviazione remota dei dati raccolti da Prometheus. Risolvono il problema dello storage remoto del diapositiva precedente in modi diversi. In questa presentazione parler\u00f2 solo delle prime due soluzioni: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\">Thanos<\/a><\/noindex> e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/VictoriaMetrics\/VictoriaMetrics\">VictoriaMetrics<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Per la prima volta, informazioni su <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\">Thanos<\/a><\/noindex> sono apparse a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/improbable.io\/blog\/thanos-prometheus-at-scale\">questo link<\/a><\/noindex>. Qui viene descritta l'architettura <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\">Thanos<\/a><\/noindex> e come funziona.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/317db6bb4c3cd69d8742addb2bae16a4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos prende i dati che Prometheus ha salvato sul disco locale e li copia in S3, in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/storage\/\">GCS<\/a><\/noindex> o in un altro storage object.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7cf5f99dc5ce78f22c5956373812c0aa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In questo modo Thanos fornisce una vista globale delle query. Puoi interrogare i dati archiviati nello storage object da pi\u00f9 istanze di Prometheus.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/286cf441fe18fb756c2708086872d8d8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos supporta PromQL e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/prometheus.io\/docs\/prometheus\/latest\/querying\/api\/\">l'API di query di Prometheus.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6a750070d76414370501a8153cd48007.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos utilizza il codice di Prometheus per la persistenza dei dati.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ba0ca17154f9407900efc336f213ba07.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos \u00e8 sviluppato dagli stessi sviluppatori di Prometheus.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Riguardo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/VictoriaMetrics\/VictoriaMetrics\">VictoriaMetrics<\/a><\/noindex>. Ecco <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/faun\/victoriametrics-creating-the-best-remote-storage-for-prometheus-5d92d66787ac\">link<\/a><\/noindex>, dove abbiamo parlato per la prima volta di <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/VictoriaMetrics\/VictoriaMetrics\">VictoriaMetrics<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a901d016e6e58c40c6c7c96b1cd5a8c9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VictoriaMetrics raccoglie dati da pi\u00f9 prometheus tramite <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/prometheus.io\/docs\/practices\/remote_write\/\">remote write API<\/a><\/noindex> un protocollo supportato da Prometheus.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/24798414102cc63a1a1062c5ae327f4c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VictoriaMetrics fornisce una vista di query globale, poich\u00e9 pi\u00f9 istanze di Prometheus possono scrivere dati in un'unica VictoriaMetrics. Pertanto, puoi effettuare richieste su tutti questi dati.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a717855dbdf1df859927a75557ee2573.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VictoriaMetrics supporta, come Thanos, sia PromQL che l'API di query di Prometheus.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/84daf1b7e160e6f9d8a53a83329f2436.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A differenza di Thanos, il codice sorgente di VictoriaMetrics \u00e8 stato scritto da zero ed \u00e8 ottimizzato per velocit\u00e0 e consumo di risorse. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/371dee8d4705438f560245c4e5e7444f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VictoriaMetrics, a differenza di Thanos, pu\u00f2 scalare sia verticalmente che orizzontalmente. C'\u00e8 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/VictoriaMetrics\/VictoriaMetrics\/blob\/master\/README.md\">una versione single-node<\/a><\/noindex>, che scala verticalmente. Puoi iniziare con un processore e 1 GB di memoria e crescere gradualmente fino a centinaia di processori e 1 TB di memoria. VictoriaMetrics \u00e8 in grado di utilizzare tutte queste risorse. Le sue performance aumenteranno di circa 100 volte rispetto a un sistema a un nucleo. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/697e77546cda492f8512e7e761c0300f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>La storia di Thanos \u00e8 iniziata a novembre 2017, quando \u00e8 stato effettuato il primo commit pubblico. Prima di ci\u00f2, Thanos era sviluppato all'interno dell'azienda <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/improbable.io\">improbable.io<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/610a81cfb98082bb61b7ae28b00d2c78.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nel giugno 2019, \u00e8 stata rilasciata la versione 0.5.0, in cui <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/thanos.io\/proposals\/201809_gossip-removal.md\/\">\u00e8 stata rimossa<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gossip_protocol\">gossip<\/a><\/noindex> protocollo. \u00c8 stato rimosso da Thanos perch\u00e9 ha mostrato alcune lacune. Spesso il cluster Thanos non funzionava correttamente, con nodi che si collegavano in modo errato a causa del protocollo gossip. Per questo motivo si \u00e8 deciso di rimuoverlo. Ritengo che sia la scelta giusta. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/d7ecf0105d46464aadc4c46147edf9dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nello stesso giugno 2019 hanno inviato la richiesta numero <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cncf\/toc\/pull\/256\">256<\/a><\/noindex> in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cncf.io\/\">Cloud Native Computing Foundation<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a8685a616bbdc619009c570e28c9f15b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>E dopo qualche mese, Thanos \u00e8 stato accettato in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cncf.io\/\">Cloud Native Computing Foundation<\/a><\/noindex>, che include Prometheus, Kubernetes e altri progetti popolari.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/90c64c519aa283b13ce64b96da5ac945.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nel gennaio 2018 \u00e8 iniziato lo sviluppo di VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c2243e3e0a8d00715644d7c84627c5cb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A settembre 2018 ho menzionato pubblicamente per la prima volta VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/66feecad1783c36651cdf2a19e6d0d70.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A dicembre 2018 \u00e8 stata pubblicata la versione Single-node.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/aacf5d683c7d639df7a9f05e297f08c4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A maggio 2019 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.usejournal.com\/open-sourcing-victoriametrics-f31e34485c2b\">sono stati pubblicati<\/a><\/noindex> i sorgenti sia della versione Single-node che di quella cluster. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6da160c13c87133b1994ef32f86db077.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A giugno 2019, proprio come Thanos, abbiamo presentato la domanda alla CNCF foundation con il numero <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cncf\/toc\/pull\/255\">255<\/a><\/noindex>. Abbiamo presentato la domanda un giorno prima rispetto a Thanos. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/12c281eae67b3cec5a66fab41aee1fdb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ma, sfortunatamente, non siamo ancora stati accettati. Abbiamo bisogno dell'aiuto della community.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ab7b20661c3cfa01209cd742eb71a898.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Esaminiamo le diapositive pi\u00f9 importanti, che mostrano l'architettura di Thanos e VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a268b600bcd0cebfd9c5069d2d911a9d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Iniziamo con Thanos. I componenti gialli sono i componenti di Prometheus. Tutto il resto sono componenti di Thanos. Cominciamo con il componente pi\u00f9 importante. Thanos Sidecar \u00e8 un componente che si installa accanto a ogni Prometheus. Si occupa di caricare i dati di Prometheus dallo storage locale in S3 o in un altro Object Storage. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>C'\u00e8 anche un componente chiamato Thanos Store Gateway, che pu\u00f2 leggere questi dati dall'Object Storage quando riceve richieste da Thanos Query. Thanos Query implementa PromQL e l'API di Prometheus. Quindi, esternamente, appare come Prometheus. Riceve richieste PromQL, le invia a Thanos Store Gateway, il quale recupera i dati necessari dall'Object Storage e li rimanda indietro.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tuttavia, nel nostro Object Storage i dati degli ultimi due ore non sono conservati a causa della particolare implementazione di Thanos Sidecar, che non riesce a caricare le ultime due ore nell'Object Storage S3, poich\u00e9 per queste due ore Prometheus non ha ancora creato i file nello storage locale.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Come abbiamo risolto questo problema? Thanos Query, oltre a inviare richieste a Thanos Store Gateway, invia parallelamente richieste a ciascun Thanos Sidecar che si trova accanto a Prometheus. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Il Thanos Sidecar, a sua volta, inoltra le richieste a Prometheus, recuperando i dati delle ultime due ore.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e Thanos \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e Thanos Compact, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 Object Storage \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 Thanos Sidecar&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438. Thanos Sidecar \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u0427\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f Thanos Store Gateway, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 Thanos Store Gateway \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c Thanos Compact, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c overhead \u043d\u0430 Thanos Store Gateway.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>C'\u00e8 anche un componente chiamato Thanos Ruler. Esso esegue le regole di allerta di Prometheus e pu\u00f2 calcolare le regole di registrazione di Prometheus, per registrare nuovamente i dati nello Object Storage. Tuttavia, non si raccomanda di utilizzare questo componente, poich\u00e9 \u00e8 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\/blob\/master\/docs\/components\/rule.md#risk\">inclinato a restituire dati incompleti<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ecco uno schema semplice di Thanos. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3f7cd77a1c056bf7ac245c774d05ea34.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ora confrontiamolo con lo schema di VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VictoriaMetrics offre due versioni: quella a nodo singolo e la versione cluster. La versione a nodo singolo funziona su un solo computer. Non ci sono questi componenti nella versione a nodo singolo, ma solo un binario. Questo binario \u00e8 rappresentato da questo quadrato nel diagramma. Tutto ci\u00f2 che si trova all'interno del quadrato \u00e8 il contenuto del file binario per la versione a nodo singolo. Non \u00e8 necessario sapere nulla di pi\u00f9. Basta eseguire il binario e tutto funziona. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>La versione cluster \u00e8 pi\u00f9 complessa. Al suo interno ci sono tre componenti diversi: vmselect, vminsert e vmstorage. Dalla loro denominazione si pu\u00f2 intuire qual \u00e8 la funzione di ciascuno di essi. Il componente Insert accetta dati in diversi formati: dall'API Prometheus remote write, dal protocollo Line di Influx, dal protocollo Graphite e dal protocollo OpenTSDB. Il componente Insert li riceve, li analizza e li distribuisce tra i componenti di storage disponibili, dove i dati vengono effettivamente memorizzati. Il componente Select, dal canto suo, riceve le query PromQL. Implementa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@valyala\/promql-tutorial-for-beginners-9ab455142085\">PromQL<\/a><\/noindex>, oltre all'API di interrogazione di Prometheus, e pu\u00f2 essere utilizzato come sostituto di Prometheus in Grafana o in altri client API di Prometheus. Il Select accetta una query promql, la analizza, legge i dati necessari per eseguire questa query dai nodi di storage, elabora questi dati e restituisce la risposta.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/5b4f1ec2504c1bea423e58ced26570bd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Confrontiamo la complessit\u00e0 di installazione di Thanos e VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/39b293fc911b2987a191cc5d98b1c9f7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Iniziamo con Thanos. Prima di iniziare a lavorare con Thanos, \u00e8 necessario creare un bucket nello storage oggetti, come S3 o GCS, affinch\u00e9 il Thanos Sidecar possa scrivere i dati. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7a59c36c4453f1747067c79d9a9b8e2a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Successivamente, per ogni Prometheus, \u00e8 necessario installare il Thanos Sidecar. Prima di questo, non dimenticare di disattivare la compattazione dei dati in Prometheus. La compattazione dei dati comprime periodicamente i dati nel storage locale di Prometheus per ridurre il consumo di risorse.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 Thanos Sidecar \u043a \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c Prometheus&#8217;\u0430\u043c, \u0432\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 data compaction, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e Thanos Sidecar \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c data compaction. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448 Prometheus \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d data compaction.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/825b70ede9edd1de6658576e2b824cd1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pertanto, Thanos consiglia di ridurre il periodo di conservazione dei dati nel storage locale a 6-8 ore, per diminuire questo overhead di un gran numero di piccoli blocchi.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dopo aver installato Thanos Sidecar, \u00e8 necessario installare due componenti per ogni Object Storage Bucket. Questi sono Thanos Compactor e Thanos Store Gateway. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/77575d65a75bfd9af8d7dedf0cc5c922.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Successivamente, devi installare Thanos Query e configurarlo in modo che possa connettersi a tutti i Thanos Store Gateway che hai, oltre a sapersi collegare a tutti i Thanos Sidecar.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Qui potrebbe esserci un piccolo problema. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6eddee956c58991ccee52891b368f10f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 Thanos Query \u043a \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c. \u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 Prometheus&#8217;\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 VPC, \u0442\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043d\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b Thanos Query \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0442\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a Thanos Query \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c Thanos Sidecar, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 Thanos Sidecar. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 &#171;\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442&#187;. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/13c3765871568ac0db4014964cb5d752.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Con VictoriaMetrics tutto \u00e8 un po' pi\u00f9 semplice. Per la versione Single-node, basta avviare un binario e tutto funziona. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/1edf992a6404f5dea1ae2bd4f4d2d8fd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nella versione cluster, \u00e8 necessario avviare tutti e tre i tipi di componenti menzionati in qualsiasi numero desiderato, oppure utilizzare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/VictoriaMetrics\/helm-charts\/\">helm chart<\/a><\/noindex> per automatizzare l'avvio dei componenti in Kubernetes. Abbiamo in programma di creare un operatore Kubernetes. Helm chart non copre alcuni casi e pu\u00f2 causare problemi. Ad esempio, consente di ridurre il numero di storage node, il che comporter\u00e0 una perdita di dati.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ad4249222cb5e591d7e7bd0b7f1708c0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dopo aver avviato un binario oppure la versione cluster, \u00e8 sufficiente aggiungere alla configurazione di Prometheus <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/VictoriaMetrics\/VictoriaMetrics\/blob\/master\/README.md#prometheus-setup\">la configurazione per l'url di remote write<\/a><\/noindex>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 storage \u0438 \u0432 remote storage. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 Thanos. \u041d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 VictoriaMetrics \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c Prometheus&#8217;\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e Prometheus&#8217;\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a VictoriaMetrics \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/465ffc6cd77b2ca022b2541851a7ddbc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Consideriamo il supporto di Thanos e VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6043f0d3d99cb3e49837f03d3e6bbb9b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos deve monitorare Sidecar per assicurarsi che continui a caricare i dati in Object Storage. Potrebbero interrompere questo caricamento a causa di errori, ad esempio se la connessione di rete con Object Storage viene temporaneamente interrotta o se Object Storage diventa temporaneamente non disponibile. In quel momento, Thanos Sidecar noter\u00e0 il problema, segnaler\u00e0 l'errore, potrebbe chiudersi e smettere di funzionare. Se non lo monitori, i dati smetteranno di essere trasferiti in Object Storage. Se trascorre il tempo di retention (6-8 ore raccomandato), perderai i dati che non sono stati salvati in Object Storage.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7c6556fecdee4ca4986931c2eebf9895.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I compactor di Thanos possono smettere di funzionare a causa di <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\/issues\/1919\">race&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0441 Sidecar<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0421ompactor-\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 Object Storage \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441ompactor-\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 Sidecar&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e: Sidecar \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a, Compactor \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d. Compactor \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u043d \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0421\u043c. \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/thanos.io\/proposals\/201901-read-write-operations-bucket.md\/\">qui<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7fd00e243009763781b54043dec1e94b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Store Gateway \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 race&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 Compactor&#8217;\u043e\u043c \u0438 Sidecar&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e Store Gateway \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0441 Compactor&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 Sidecar&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 Store Gateway \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/85fcc811173dda1a42ac8d4e3b212f5e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Il componente Query in Thanos restituisce per impostazione predefinita un risultato parziale se alcuni Sidecar o il Store Gateway non sono disponibili al momento. Otterrete parte dei dati, e non saprete nemmeno di aver ricevuto solo una parte. Funziona cos\u00ec per impostazione predefinita. In situazioni simili, VictoriaMetrics restituisce i dati contrassegnati come parziali. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a9e5a70bdcafae9b98545514ca7a7ff3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A differenza di Thanos, VictoriaMetrics perde raramente dati. Anche se la connessione tra Prometheus e VictoriaMetrics viene interrotta, non \u00e8 un problema, poich\u00e9 Prometheus continua a registrare i nuovi dati in arrivo nel Write Ahead Log, la cui dimensione \u00e8 di 2 ore. Se entro due ore ripristinate la connessione a VictoriaMetrics, i dati non andranno persi. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/grafana.com\/blog\/2019\/03\/25\/whats-new-in-prometheus-2.8-wal-based-remote-write\/\">Prometheus \u00e8 in grado di aggiungere dati dopo il ripristino della connessione a VictoriaMetrics.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/fa4be02056f7338416029bfd8f9d0214.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A differenza di Thanos, che registra i dati nell'object storage solo dopo due ore, Prometheus replica automaticamente i dati tramite il protocollo remote write nello storage remoto, come VictoriaMetrics. Non devi preoccuparti di perdere lo storage locale in Prometheus. Se dovesse perdere lo storage locale, nel peggiore dei casi perderai solo gli ultimi secondi di dati che non sono stati registrati nello storage remoto.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a6e9b2322eb9b3e145603a6b9db1002d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kubernetes gestisce automaticamente il cluster, a differenza di Thanos. Tutti i componenti di Thanos sono complessi da collocare in un unico cluster Kubernetes, a differenza dei componenti cluster di VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/5b3d1586fe461a0c6f34de09fdd12845.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Con VictoriaMetrics, l'aggiornamento a una nuova versione \u00e8 molto semplice. Basta fermare VictoriaMetrics, aggiornare i file binari e riavviarlo. Durante l'arresto tramite il segnale SIGINT, tutti i file binari di VictoriaMetrics eseguono un gracefull shutdown. Salvano correttamente i dati necessari e chiudono le connessioni in ingresso per non perdere nulla. Quindi, non perderai nulla durante l'aggiornamento. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/96a52e2f0696172159919536efb68ad3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Espandere il cluster di VictoriaMetrics \u00e8 molto semplice. Basta aggiungere i componenti necessari e continuare a lavorare. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/5f5e6ef78b322bb278e618a526f05e26.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sugli insidiosi aspetti di Thanos e VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/17808bc76a16e571b7e4fa1655964201.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos presenta alcune insidie. Prometheus deve memorizzare i dati delle ultime due ore. Se vengono persi, li perderai completamente, poich\u00e9 non sono ancora stati salvati nello storage oggetti, come S3. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/81ca9135d2d97b95e9731dd1f5501859.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Il componente Store Gateway e il componente compactor possono richiedere molta memoria per lavorare con un grande Object Storage, se contiene molti file piccoli. Maggiore \u00e8 il numero e il volume dei file, maggiore \u00e8 la memoria operativa richiesta da Store Gateway e compactor per memorizzare le informazioni sui metadati. Thanos ha molti problemi al riguardo. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\/issues\/448\">Store Gateway e compactor si bloccano con volumi medi di dati registrati.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cf75315535439843c9bb32cf1175391b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos viene pubblicizzato come in grado di scalare all'infinito in base al numero dei tuoi Prometheus. In realt\u00e0, non \u00e8 vero. Poich\u00e9 tutte le richieste passano attraverso il componente Query, che deve interrogare in parallelo tutti i componenti Store Gateway e tutti i componenti Sidecar, estrarre i dati e poi pre-processarli. \u00c8 ovvio che la velocit\u00e0 delle richieste \u00e8 limitata dal anello pi\u00f9 debole, cio\u00e8 dal Store Gateway pi\u00f9 lento o dal Sidecar pi\u00f9 lento. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Questi componenti potrebbero essere caricati in modo non uniforme. Ad esempio, avete un Prometheus che raccoglie milioni di metriche al secondo. E c'\u00e8 un Prometheus che raccoglie migliaia di metriche al secondo. Il Prometheus che raccoglie milioni di metriche al secondo carica il server su cui \u00e8 in esecuzione in modo molto pi\u00f9 intenso. Di conseguenza, il Sidecar funziona pi\u00f9 lentamente. E in generale, tutto l\u00ec funziona lentamente. E il componente Query estrarr\u00e0 i dati da l\u00ec molto lentamente. Pertanto, le prestazioni dell'intero cluster saranno limitate da questo Sidecar lento.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/68070f629821a54bfd8ed934d67344fd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e Thanos \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 Sidecar&#8217;\u044b \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e Store Gateway \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 Sidecar&#8217;\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0432\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6a1dea50e739314c23b4370c569b44a4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Anche VictoriaMetrics ha le sue insidie. La prima insidia \u00e8 l'opzione che limita la quantit\u00e0 di memoria RAM utilizzata per la cache di VictoriaMetrics. Per impostazione predefinita, \u00e8 pari al 60% della memoria RAM sulla macchina in cui \u00e8 in esecuzione VictoriaMetrics oppure al 60% della RAM del pod VictoriaMetrics in Kubernetes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se questo valore viene modificato in modo errato, si pu\u00f2 compromettere le prestazioni di VictoriaMetrics. Ad esempio, impostare un valore troppo basso pu\u00f2 far s\u00ec che i dati non riescano a stare nella cache di VictoriaMetrics. Questo costringer\u00e0 il sistema a effettuare pi\u00f9 lavoro, sovraccaricando la CPU e il disco. Se si imposta questo parametro troppo alto, aumenta, da un lato, la probabilit\u00e0 che VictoriaMetrics si blocchi con un errore di out of memory, e dall'altro, si avr\u00e0 pochissima memoria RAM disponibile per la cache di file nel sistema operativo. VictoriaMetrics fa affidamento sulla cache di file per le prestazioni. Se \u00e8 insufficiente, il carico sul disco pu\u00f2 aumentare notevolmente. Pertanto, il consiglio \u00e8 di non modificare il parametro senza una necessit\u00e0 estrema.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/f145833dcbe42c2b62545358cfb204e5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Secondo opzione. Questo \u00e8 il retentionPeriod \u2014 il periodo predefinito impostato su 1 mese. \u00c8 il tempo durante il quale VictoriaMetrics archivia i dati. Al termine di questo periodo, VictoriaMetrics elimina i dati.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Molti avviano VictoriaMetrics senza questo parametro, registrano i dati per un mese. E poi si chiedono: perch\u00e9 i dati sono scomparsi nel mese precedente? Perch\u00e9 il retentionPeriod predefinito \u00e8 di 1 mese. Quindi \u00e8 necessario sapere e impostare il retentionPeriod corretto. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/377e4e19b7dc5648dd16bff39f4f1651.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Esploriamo le caratteristiche uniche.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/bca5529a95e94ada650e67dba063ada6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos ha una funzione chiamata downsampling: intervalli di 5 minuti e orari, che spesso <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&amp;q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+downsampling\">non funzionano correttamente<\/a><\/noindex>. Se si cerca su Google e si guarda alle loro issue su GitHub, ci sono molte questioni relative a questo downsampling, che talvolta funziona in modo errato o non come si aspettano gli utenti.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/84f116767826d1174286b45ccf60dfe7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0423 Thanos \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f Prometheus HA pairs. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 Prometheus&#8217;\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 target&#8217;\u0432 \u0438 Thanos \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 Object Storage. Thanos \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 VictoriaMetrics.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/efd797cafcb339a4900f4d2cddd04638.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos ha un componente di alert che era nello schema di Thanos. Ma non \u00e8 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thanos-io\/thanos\/blob\/master\/docs\/components\/rule.md\">raccomandato per l'uso in produzione.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/87d12ff7b3c33dae9a8eda7a2a95bce1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thanos ha il vantaggio che il codice di Thanos e Prometheus \u00e8 condiviso. Thanos e Prometheus sono stati sviluppati dagli stessi programmatori. Con miglioramenti in Thanos, l'altra parte beneficia anche in Prometheus.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/92435f15d58e83eb4d548a8bf5256c30.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>La caratteristica principale di VictoriaMetrics \u00e8 MetricsQL. Si tratta di un'estensione di VictoriaMetrics per PromQL, di cui ho parlato al recente big monitoring meetup.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/43a1618a397badc3df9d4eded19be1ec.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VictoriaMetrics supporta il caricamento di dati tramite diversi protocolli. VictoriaMetrics pu\u00f2 non solo ricevere dati da Prometheus, ma anche tramite i protocolli Influx, OpenTSDB e Graphite.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/b4bca4b255990f1af11a6ceaf42f46ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I dati di VictoriaMetrics Occupano notevolmente meno spazio rispetto a Thanos e Prometheus. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se si registrano dati reali, gli utenti segnalano una riduzione delle dimensioni su disco dei dati da 2 a 5 volte rispetto a Prometheus e Thanos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6aeab3c42b45dbd620d328fc43ce4bec.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un ulteriore vantaggio di VictoriaMetrics \u00e8 che \u00e8 ottimizzata per la velocit\u00e0. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/89010a913f0d7b1388b6c62007c7835b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Diamo un'occhiata ai costi dell'infrastruttura. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/65bd322bb2a64ac4188e29b79e54763a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uno dei vantaggi di Thanos \u00e8 che memorizza i dati nel cloud storage, che \u00e8 relativamente economico.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Quando salvi i dati nello storage a oggetti, devi pagare per le operazioni di scrittura e lettura dei dati (10\u20ac per milione di operazioni). Quando registri dati nello storage a oggetti, copri i costi del tuo hosting per caricare i dati su Internet, a meno che il tuo cluster non si trovi in AWS \u2014 l\u00ec \u00e8 gratuito. Quando leggi i dati, paghi da 10 a 230\u20ac per 1TB. Questo pu\u00f2 risultare significativo se richiedi frequentemente dati storici dal cluster Thanos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7f1b32c75d49efa082201fa55b43f6bb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Per il cluster Thanos \u00e8 necessario pagare i server per i componenti Compact, Store Gateway, Query, che richiedono molta memoria e CPU per grandi volumi di dati.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/19c90f30760e77f57a658e67507f4f98.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I costi per VictoriaMetrics sono i seguenti. Se conservi i dati su dischi HDD GCE, il costo \u00e8 di 40\u20ac per 1TB. Per VictoriaMetrics sono sufficienti normali dischi HDD, non sono necessari SSD, che costano cinque volte di pi\u00f9. VictoriaMetrics \u00e8 ottimizzata per gli HDD.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c7e922b4d97f353218d6edad7cdea584.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Per VictoriaMetrics sono necessari server per i componenti: o un nodo singolo o per componenti cluster, che richiedono molte meno CPU e RAM rispetto ai componenti Thanos \u2014 di conseguenza saranno pi\u00f9 economici. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/aaf63cad75238ba19efb825376cf356c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Esempi di implementazione. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/53ce0a68724c339d88ad769c18a2e5f9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un esempio di implementazione per Thanos \u00e8 Gitlab. Gitlab funziona completamente su Thanos. Tuttavia, non \u00e8 tutto cos\u00ec semplice. Se guardi il loro <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/gitlab-com\/gl-infra\/infrastructure\/issues\/8647\">issues<\/a><\/noindex>, si pu\u00f2 notare che hanno costantemente problemi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/gitlab-com\/gl-infra\/infrastructure\/issues\/8413\">operativi con Thanos<\/a><\/noindex>: manca memoria per i componenti Store Gateway o Query. Devono continuamente aumentare la quantit\u00e0 di memoria. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A causa di ci\u00f2, i costi per risolvere questi problemi aumentano. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un secondo implementazione, che potrebbe avere pi\u00f9 successo, \u00e8 l'azienda Improbable, che ha iniziato a sviluppare Thanos. Hanno pubblicato il codice sorgente di Thanos. Improbable \u00e8 un'azienda che si occupa dello sviluppo di motori grafici.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3a1279cae3cfc7e94c2eccfc0972f06e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VictoriaMetrics presenta esempi pubblici di implementazione:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>wix.com creatore di siti web<\/li>\n<li>Adidas implementa VictoriaMetrics e ha persino fatto una presentazione all'ultimo PromCon 2019<\/li>\n<li>TrafficStars \u2014 rete pubblicitaria<\/li>\n<li>Seznam.cz \u2014 popolare motore di ricerca ceco.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>E poi ci sono aziende sconosciute che non posso nominare adesso. Non hanno dato il loro consenso. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un grande sviluppatore di giochi. Pi\u00f9 grande di Improbable.<\/li>\n<li>Un importante sviluppatore di software grafico.<\/li>\n<li>Una grande banca russa.<\/li>\n<li>Produttore europeo di turbine eoliche che ha testato con successo VictoriaMetrics. Questo produttore implementa VictoriaMetrics per il monitoraggio dei dati provenienti dalle turbine eoliche a una velocit\u00e0 di 50 campioni al secondo per ogni sensore. Ogni turbina eolica ha centinaia di sensori. Hanno diverse centinaia di turbine eoliche.<\/li>\n<li>Compagnie aeree russe che desiderano implementare VictoriaMetrics, ma non riescono mai a farlo. Siamo in fase di contratto con loro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/040affc4d56712783db61ee3b0ec509e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>Conclusioni.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VictoriaMetrics e Thanos risolvono problemi simili, ma in modi diversi:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vista di query globale<\/li>\n<li>scalabilit\u00e0 orizzontale <\/li>\n<li>retention arbitraria<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/af6285e8f6f68f373da1ebc552104f51.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Grazie.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi aspettiamo sul nostro <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/VictoriaMetrics_ru1\">canale telegram<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Scelta dello storage dati per Prometheus: Thanos vs VictoriaMetrics\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c45b2a3b6e541e7e6cd580629e418c35.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Solo gli utenti registrati possono partecipare al sondaggio. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Accedi<\/a><\/noindex>, per favore.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Cosa usate come storage a lungo termine per Prometheus?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">35,3%<\/strong>Thanos6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">0,0%<\/strong>Cortex0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">0,0%<\/strong>M3DB0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">41,2%<\/strong>VictoriaMetrics7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">23,5%<\/strong>altro4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Hanno votato 17 utenti. Si sono astenuti 16 utenti.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/482272\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441 Big Monitoring Meetup 4. Prometheus \u2013 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u0412 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 Thanos \u0438 VictoriaMetrics \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441 Big Monitoring Meetup 4. 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