{"id":78969,"date":"2020-04-23T13:42:02","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T11:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-servernoj-javascript-platformy-node-js-14-0"},"modified":"2020-04-23T13:42:02","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T11:42:02","slug":"vypusk-servernoj-javascript-platformy-node-js-14-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-servernoj-javascript-platformy-node-js-14-0","title":{"rendered":"Uscita della piattaforma server JavaScript Node.js 14.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nodejs.org\/en\/blog\/release\/v14.0.0\/\">Si \u00e8 svolto<\/a><\/noindex> rilascio <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nodejs.org\">Node.js 14.0<\/a><\/noindex>, piattaforma per l'esecuzione di applicazioni di rete in JavaScript. Node.js 14.0 appartiene ai rami con supporto a lungo termine, ma questo stato sar\u00e0 conferito solo a ottobre, dopo un periodo di stabilizzazione. Il supporto per Node.js 14.0 sar\u00e0 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nodejs\/Release\">fornito<\/a><\/noindex> fino ad aprile 2023. Il supporto per il precedente ramo LTS Node.js 12.0 durer\u00e0 fino ad aprile 2022, mentre per il ramo LTS precedente 10.0 fino ad aprile 2021. Il supporto per il ramo intermedio 13.x terminer\u00e0 a giugno di quest'anno.<\/p>\n<p>Principali <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@nodejs\/node-js-version-14-available-now-8170d384567e\">miglioramenti<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata stabilita la possibilit\u00e0 di generare dinamicamente o in seguito a determinati eventi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/the-node-js-collection\/easily-identify-problems-in-node-js-applications-with-diagnostic-report-dc82370d8029\">report diagnostici<\/a><\/noindex>, in cui vengono registrati eventi utili alla diagnosi di problemi come crash, cali di prestazioni, perdite di memoria, elevato carico sulla CPU, errori di output imprevisti, ecc.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto il supporto sperimentale per l'API <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nodejs.org\/api\/async_hooks.html#async_hooks_class_asynclocalstorage\">Async Local Storage<\/a><\/noindex> con l'implementazione della classe AsyncLocalStorage, che pu\u00f2 essere utilizzata per creare uno stato asincrono con gestori basati su callback e promise. AsyncLocalStorage consente di memorizzare dati durante l'elaborazione di una richiesta web, simile allo storage locale per thread separati (Thread-Local Storage) in altri linguaggi.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata rimossa la visualizzazione dell'avviso sulla funzionalit\u00e0 sperimentale durante il caricamento <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nodejs\/node\/blob\/master\/doc\/api\/esm.md\">moduli<\/a><\/noindex>  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=42450\">ECMAScript 6<\/a><\/noindex> di importazioni ed esportazioni tramite espressioni import e export. Tuttavia, l'implementazione stessa dei moduli ESM rimane ancora sperimentale.\n<li class=\"l\"> Il motore V8 \u00e8 stato aggiornato alla versione <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/v8.dev\/\">8.1<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52000\">1<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52565\">2<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52312\">3<\/a><\/noindex>), in cui sono state introdotte nuove ottimizzazioni delle prestazioni e aggiunte innovazioni come il nuovo operatore logico di coalescenza &#171;??&#187; (restituisce l'operando destro se l'operando sinistro \u00e8 NULL o undefined, e viceversa), l'operatore &#171;?.&#187; per controllare simultaneamente l'intera catena di propriet\u00e0 o chiamate (ad esempio &#171;db?.user?.name?.length&#187; senza controlli preliminari), il metodo Intl.DisplayName per ottenere nomi localizzati, ecc.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata effettuata una revisione dell'API Streams, mirata a migliorare la coerenza delle interfacce API Streams e a eliminare le differenze nel comportamento delle parti di base di Node.js. Ad esempio, il comportamento di http.OutgoingMessage \u00e8 stato avvicinato a stream.Writable, e net.Socket a stream.Duplex. L'opzione autoDestroy \u00e8 impostata su 'true' di default, implicando la chiamata di '_destroy' al termine.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto il supporto sperimentale per l'API <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nodejs.org\/api\/wasi.html\">WASI<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50406\">WebAssembly System Interface<\/a><\/noindex>), fornendo interfacce per l'interazione diretta con il sistema operativo (API POSIX per l'operazione con file, socket, ecc.).\n<li class=\"l\"> Sono stati aumentati i requisiti per <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nodejs\/node\/blob\/v12.x\/BUILDING.md#platform-list\">le versioni minime<\/a><\/noindex> di compilatori e piattaforme: macOS 10.13 (High Sierra), GCC 6,  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nodejs\/node\/pull\/31954\">Windows superiore a 7\/2008R2<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/ul>\n<p>collezione di moduli <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npmjs.com\/\">collezione di moduli<\/a><\/noindex>, in cui \u00e8 possibile trovare moduli per l'implementazione di server e client HTTP, SMTP, XMPP, DNS, FTP, IMAP, POP3, moduli per l'integrazione con vari framework web, gestori WebSocket e Ajax, connettori per database (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MongoDB), motori di template, CSS, implementazioni di algoritmi crittografici e sistemi di autorizzazione (OAuth), parser XML.<\/p>\n<p> Per garantire la gestione di un gran numero di richieste parallele, Node.js utilizza un modello di esecuzione del codice asincrono, basato sulla gestione degli eventi in modalit\u00e0 non bloccante e sulla definizione di gestori di callback. Sono supportati metodi di multiplexing delle connessioni come epoll, kqueue, \/dev\/poll e select. Per il multiplexing delle connessioni viene utilizzata la libreria <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/libuv\/libuv\">libuv<\/a><\/noindex>, che \u00e8 un'estensione di <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/software.schmorp.de\/pkg\/libev.html\">libev<\/a><\/noindex> nei sistemi Unix e di IOCP in Windows. Per creare un pool di thread viene utilizzata la libreria <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/software.schmorp.de\/pkg\/libeio.html\">libeio<\/a><\/noindex>, per eseguire richieste DNS in modalit\u00e0 non bloccante \u00e8 integrato <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/c-ares.haxx.se\/\">c-ares<\/a><\/noindex>. Tutti i sistemi di chiamata che causano blocchi vengono eseguiti all'interno di un pool di thread e, come i gestori di segnali, restituiscono il risultato del loro lavoro attraverso un canale anonimo (pipe). L'esecuzione del codice JavaScript \u00e8 garantita dall'implementazione dell'engine sviluppato da Google. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/v8\/\">V8<\/a><\/noindex> (in aggiunta, Microsoft sviluppa una variante di Node.js con l'engine Chakra-Core).  <\/p>\n<p>Essenzialmente, Node.js \u00e8 simile ai framework <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/search.cpan.org\/dist\/AnyEvent\/\">Perl AnyEvent<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/eventmachine\/eventmachine\">Ruby Event Machine<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/twistedmatrix.com\/\">Python Twisted<\/a><\/noindex> e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/wiki.tcl.tk\/1527\">implementazione<\/a><\/noindex> eventi in Tcl, ma il ciclo di elaborazione eventi (event loop) in Node.js \u00e8 nascosto dallo sviluppatore e ricorda l'elaborazione degli eventi in un'app web che funziona nel browser. Quando si scrivono applicazioni per node.js, \u00e8 necessario considerare la specificit\u00e0 della programmazione orientata agli eventi; ad esempio, invece di eseguire &#171;var result = db.query(&#171;select..&#187;);&#187; aspettando il completamento e trattando successivamente i risultati, in Node.js si utilizza il principio di esecuzione asincrona, cio\u00e8 il codice viene trasformato in &#171;db.query(&#171;select..&#187;, function (result) {elaborazione del risultato});&#187;, dove il controllo passa immediatamente al codice successivo, mentre il risultato della query viene elaborato non appena i dati sono disponibili. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52786\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Node.js 14.0, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 JavaScript. Node.js 14.0 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Node.js 14.0 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f 2023 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 Node.js 12.0 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 10.0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Node.js 14.0, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 JavaScript. 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Node.js 14.0 appartiene ai rami con supporto a lungo termine, ma questo stato sar\u00e0 conferito solo a ottobre, dopo un periodo di stabilizzazione. Il supporto per Node.js 14.0 sar\u00e0 fornito fino ad aprile 2023. 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