{"id":79489,"date":"2020-04-27T19:41:58","date_gmt":"2020-04-27T17:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/legkij-sposob-zashhitit-svoj-mikrotik-ot-atak"},"modified":"2020-04-27T19:41:58","modified_gmt":"2020-04-27T17:41:58","slug":"legkij-sposob-zashhitit-svoj-mikrotik-ot-atak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/legkij-sposob-zashhitit-svoj-mikrotik-ot-atak","title":{"rendered":"Un modo semplice per proteggere il tuo Mikrotik dagli attacchi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Voglio condividere con la comunit\u00e0 un metodo semplice e funzionante per proteggere la propria rete e i servizi esposti tramite il Mikrotik dagli attacchi esterni. In particolare, con tre semplici regole si pu\u00f2 organizzare un honeypot su Mikrotik. <\/p>\n

Immaginiamo di avere un piccolo ufficio con un server RDP dietro un IP pubblico per il lavoro remoto dei dipendenti. La prima regola \u00e8 ovviamente cambiare la porta 3389 sull'interfaccia esterna in un'altra. Ma questo \u00e8 solo un rimedio temporaneo; dopo pochi giorni, il registro di audit del server terminale inizier\u00e0 a mostrare diversi tentativi di accesso non riusciti al secondo da clienti sconosciuti. <\/p>\n

Un'altra situazione: hai un Mikrotik con Asterisk nascosto, naturalmente non sulla porta UDP 5060, e dopo un paio di giorni inizia la forza brutale delle password... s\u00ec, lo so, fail2ban \u00e8 la nostra salvezza, ma ci sar\u00e0 ancora da lavorarci sopra... Io, per esempio, ho recentemente configurato fail2ban su Ubuntu 18.04 e con sorpresa ho scoperto che, di default, fail2ban non ha impostazioni aggiornate per Asterisk dallo stesso pacchetto di Ubuntu... e non riesco pi\u00f9 a trovare rapide configurazioni nei 'recipe' di Google; i numeri delle release aumentano con gli anni, mentre gli articoli con 'recipe' per versioni pi\u00f9 vecchie non funzionano pi\u00f9, e di nuovi ce ne sono pochi... Ma sto divagando...
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nQuindi, cos'\u00e8 un honeypot in poche parole? \u00c8 un'esca; nel nostro caso, un qualche porto popolare su un IP esterno: qualsiasi richiesta a questo porto da un client esterno invia l'indirizzo src in blacklist. Tutto qui.<\/p>\n

\/ip firewall filter\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list="Honeypot Hacker" \n    address-list-timeout=30d0h0m chain=input comment="block honeypot ssh rdp winbox" \n    connection-state=new dst-port=22,3389,8291 in-interface=\n    ether4-wan protocol=tcp\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list="Honeypot Hacker" \n    address-list-timeout=30d0h0m chain=input comment=\n    "block honeypot asterisk" connection-state=new dst-port=5060 \n    in-interface=ether4-wan protocol=udp \n\/ip firewall raw\nadd action=drop chain=prerouting in-interface=ether4-wan src-address-list=\n    "Honeypot Hacker"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nLa prima regola per le porte TCP popolari 22, 3389, 8291 dell'interfaccia esterna ether4-wan invia l'IP del 'visitatore' nella lista 'Honeypot Hacker' (le porte per ssh, rdp e winbox sono state preventivamente disabilitate o cambiate in altre). La seconda fa lo stesso per la popolare UDP 5060.<\/p>\n
La terza regola, nella fase di prerouting, scarta i pacchetti dei 'visitatore' il cui indirizzo srs \u00e8 finito nella lista 'Honeypot Hacker'.<\/p>\n
Dopo due settimane di utilizzo del mio Mikrotik domestico, la lista \"Honeypot Hacker\" ha registrato circa millecinquecentoventi indirizzi IP di persone che amano \"prendere per il collo\" le mie risorse di rete (ho la mia telefonia, email, nextcloud, rdp a casa). Gli attacchi di brute-force sono cessati, \u00e8 arrivata la felicit\u00e0. <\/p>\n
Al lavoro non \u00e8 stato cos\u00ec semplice, l\u00ec il server rdp continua a essere compromesso tramite tentativi di password.<\/p>\n
A quanto pare, il numero di porta \u00e8 stato individuato da uno scanner molto prima dell'attivazione del honeypot, e durante la quarantena non \u00e8 cos\u00ec facile riconfigurare oltre 100 utenti, di cui il 20% ha pi\u00f9 di 65 anni. Nei casi in cui non si pu\u00f2 cambiare la porta, c'\u00e8 una piccola ricetta funzionale. Ho visto qualcosa di simile su internet, ma qui ci sono miglioramenti e una configurazione fine: <\/p>\n
                        Regole per la configurazione del Port Knocking<\/b><\/p>\n
 \/ip firewall filter\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_blacklist \n    address-list-timeout=15m chain=forward comment=rdp_to_blacklist \n    connection-state=new dst-port=3389 protocol=tcp src-address-list=\n    rdp_stage12\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage12 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage11\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage11 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage10\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage10 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage9\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage9 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage8\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage8 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage4\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage7 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage6\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage6 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage5\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage5 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=\n    3389 protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage4\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage4 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=\n    3389 protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage3\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage3 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage2\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage2 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage1\nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_stage1 \n    address-list-timeout=4m chain=forward connection-state=new dst-port=3389 \n    protocol=tcp \n\/ip firewall raw\nadd action=drop chain=prerouting in-interface=ether4-wan src-address-list=\nrdp_blacklist\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nIn 4 minuti a un cliente remoto sono consentiti solo 12 nuovi \"richieste\" al RDP server<\/a>. Un tentativo di accesso corrisponde a 1-4 \"richieste\". Al 12\u00b0 \"richiesta\" viene attivato un blocco di 15 minuti. Nel mio caso, gli attaccanti non hanno smesso di tentare di violare il server, si sono adattati ai timer e ora lo fanno molto lentamente; questa velocit\u00e0 rende l'efficacia dell'attacco nulla. I dipendenti dell'azienda non riscontrano praticamente alcun disagio a causa delle misure adottate. <\/p>\n
                        Un'altra piccola astuzia<\/b>
\n                         Questa regola si attiva in base a un programma all'una di notte e si disattiva alle 5, quando le persone dormono e i bot automatizzati rimangono svegli.<\/p>\n
\/ip firewall filter \nadd action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=rdp_blacklist \n    address-list-timeout=1w0d0h0m chain=forward comment=\n    "night_rdp_blacklist" connection-state=new disabled=\n    yes dst-port=3389 protocol=tcp src-address-list=rdp_stage8<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nGi\u00e0 all'ottavo collegamento, l'IP dell'attaccante viene messo in blacklist per una settimana. Che bellezza!<\/p>\n
In aggiunta a quanto sopra, aggiungo un link a un articolo di Wiki, con una configurazione funzionante per proteggere Mikrotik da scanner di rete. wiki.mikrotik.com\/wiki\/Drop_port_scanners<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Su i miei dispositivi, questa impostazione funziona insieme alle regole honeypot descritte sopra, integrandole bene.<\/p>\n
UPD: Come suggerito nei commenti, la regola di dropping dei pacchetti \u00e8 stata spostata in RAW per ridurre il carico sul router.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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In particolare, si tratta di organizzare un honeypot su Mikrotik con solo tre regole. Immaginiamo di avere un piccolo ufficio, con un IP esterno dietro il quale si trova un server RDP per il lavoro remoto dei dipendenti. 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