{"id":89239,"date":"2020-07-20T19:41:56","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T17:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-yazyka-programmirovaniya-rust-1-45"},"modified":"2020-07-20T19:41:56","modified_gmt":"2020-07-20T17:41:56","slug":"vypusk-yazyka-programmirovaniya-rust-1-45","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-yazyka-programmirovaniya-rust-1-45","title":{"rendered":"Release del linguaggio di programmazione Rust 1.45","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.rust-lang.org\/2020\/07\/16\/Rust-1.45.0.html\">Pubblicato<\/a><\/noindex> rilascio 1.45 del linguaggio di programmazione di sistema <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rust-lang.org\">Rust<\/a><\/noindex>, sviluppato da Mozilla. Il linguaggio \u00e8 focalizzato sulla gestione sicura della memoria, offre gestione automatica della memoria e fornisce strumenti per raggiungere un elevato parallelismo nell'esecuzione dei compiti, evitando l'uso del garbage collector e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Runtime_system\">runtime<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>La gestione automatica della memoria in Rust libera lo sviluppatore da errori durante la manipolazione dei puntatori e protegge da problemi derivanti da un lavoro a basso livello con la memoria, come l'accesso alla memoria dopo che \u00e8 stata liberata, la dereferenziazione di puntatori nulli, l'uscita dai limiti del buffer, ecc. Per la distribuzione delle librerie, l'assicurazione della build e la gestione delle dipendenze, \u00e8 in fase di sviluppo un gestore di pacchetti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.rust-lang.org\/2014\/11\/20\/Cargo.html\">Cargo<\/a><\/noindex>, che consente di ottenere le librerie necessarie per il programma con un clic. Per l'hosting delle librerie \u00e8 supportato il repository <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/crates.io\/\">crates.io<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Principali <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/rust-lang\/rust\/blob\/master\/RELEASES.md\">novit\u00e0<\/a><\/noindex>: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Risolto un problema di lunga data <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/rust-lang\/rust\/issues\/10184\">nella conversione tra tipi interi e numeri a virgola mobile. Poich\u00e9 il compilatore Rust utilizza LLVM come backend, le operazioni di conversione dei tipi venivano eseguite tramite istruzioni di codice intermedio LLVM, come<\/a><\/noindex> fptoui <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/llvm.org\/docs\/LangRef.html#fptoui-to-instruction\">, che presentano una particolare caratteristica: comportamento indefinito se il valore risultante non si adatta al tipo di destinazione. Ad esempio, convertendo il valore reale 300 di tipo f32 in un tipo intero u8, il risultato \u00e8 imprevedibile e pu\u00f2 variare tra i diversi sistemi. Il problema \u00e8 che questa caratteristica si manifesta nel codice non contrassegnato come \u00abunsafe\u00bb.<\/a><\/noindex>, in cui c'\u00e8 una caratteristica fondamentale \u2014 comportamento indefinito se il valore risultante non si adatta al tipo target. Ad esempio, durante la conversione di un valore float 300 con tipo f32 in un tipo intero u8, il risultato \u00e8 imprevedibile e pu\u00f2 variare tra i diversi sistemi. Il problema \u00e8 che tale caratteristica si manifesta in codice non contrassegnato come \u00abunsafe\u00bb.\n<p> A partire da Rust 1.45, il comportamento in caso di overflow del tipo \u00e8 rigorosamente regolato, e l'operazione di conversione \u00abas\u00bb esegue un controllo sull'overflow, portando il valore convertito al massimo o al minimo del tipo target (nel caso sopra citato, il valore 300 sar\u00e0 convertito in 255). Per disabilitare tali controlli, sono previsti ulteriori API \u00ab{f64, f32}::to_int_unchecked\u00bb, che funzionano in modalit\u00e0 unsafe.<\/p>\n<p>   fn cast(x: f32) -&gt; u8 {<br \/>\n       x as u8<br \/>\n   }<\/p>\n<p>   fn main() {<br \/>\n       let too_big = 300.0;<br \/>\n       let too_small = -100.0;<br \/>\n       let nan = f32::NAN;<\/p>\n<p>       let x: f32 = 1.0;<br \/>\n       let y: u8 = unsafe { x.to_int_unchecked() };<\/p>\n<p>       println!(\u00abtoo_big_casted = {}\u00bb, cast(too_big));     \/\/ output 255<br \/>\n       println!(\u00abtoo_small_casted = {}\u00bb, cast(too_small)); \/\/ output 0<br \/>\n       println!(\u00abnot_a_number_casted = {}\u00bb, cast(nan));    \/\/ output 0<br \/>\n   }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Stabilizzato l'uso  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/doc.rust-lang.org\/book\/procedural-macros.html\">di macro procedurali<\/a><\/noindex>, simili a funzioni, in espressioni, schemi e affermazioni. In precedenza, tali macro potevano essere richiamate non ovunque, ma solo in parti specifiche del codice (con una chiamata separata, non mescolata con altro codice). L'estensione dei modi per richiamare macro simili a funzioni era una delle necessit\u00e0 per garantire il funzionamento del web framework <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/rocket.rs\/\">Rocket<\/a><\/noindex> nelle versioni stabili di Rust. In precedenza, per ottenere maggiore flessibilit\u00e0 nella definizione dei gestori in Rocket era necessario attivare la funzionalit\u00e0 sperimentale \u00abproc_macro_hygiene\u00bb, non disponibile nelle versioni stabili di Rust. Ora questa funzionalit\u00e0 \u00e8 integrata nelle versioni stabili del linguaggio.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 consentito l'uso di intervalli con il tipo \u00abchar\u00bb per iterare sui valori dell'intervallo (ops::{Range, RangeFrom, RangeFull, RangeInclusive, RangeTo}):\n<p>   for ch in 'a'..='z' {<br \/>\n       print!('{}', ch);<br \/>\n   }<br \/>\n   println!(); \/\/ Verr\u00e0 stampato 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata tradotta una nuova serie di API in una versione stabile, tra cui sono state stabilizzate<br \/>\n    Arc::as_ptr,<br \/>\n    BTreeMap::remove_entry,<br \/>\n    Rc::as_ptr,<br \/>\n    rc::Weak::as_ptr,<br \/>\n    rc::Weak::from_raw,<br \/>\n    rc::Weak::into_raw,<br \/>\n    str::strip_prefix,<br \/>\n    str::strip_suffix,<br \/>\n    sync::Weak::as_ptr,<br \/>\n    sync::Weak::from_raw,<br \/>\n    sync::Weak::into_raw,<br \/>\n    char::UNICODE_VERSION,<br \/>\n    Span::resolved_at,<br \/>\n    Span::located_at,<br \/>\n    Span::mixed_site,<br \/>\n    unix::process::CommandExt::arg0.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Il compilatore rustc ha aggiunto il supporto per la modifica delle varie funzionalit\u00e0 della piattaforma target mediante il flag \u00abtarget-feature\u00bb, ad esempio, \u00ab-C target-feature=+avx2,+fma\u00bb. Sono stati aggiunti nuovi flag:<br \/>\n\u00abforce-unwind-tables\u00bb per generare tabelle di chiamata \u00abunwind\u00bb, indipendentemente dalla strategia di gestione degli errori; \u00abembed-bitcode\u00bb per controllare l'inclusione del bitcode LLVM nelle rlibs generate. Il flag \u00abembed-bitcode\u00bb \u00e8 abilitato per impostazione predefinita in Cargo per ottimizzare i tempi di compilazione e l'uso dello spazio su disco.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 fornito un terzo livello di supporto per le piattaforme mipsel-sony-psp e thumbv7a-uwp-windows-msvc. Il terzo livello implica supporto di base, ma senza test automatizzati e pubblicazione di build ufficiali.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Inoltre, si pu\u00f2 notare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/micouy.github.io\/posts\/low-level-pt-1\/\">la storia<\/a><\/noindex> per la creazione del pi\u00f9 semplice <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/micouy\/gniazdo-os\/blob\/master\/rust\/src\/main.rs\">applicativi<\/a><\/noindex> in linguaggio Rust, avviato tramite un bootloader di sistema e pronto per l'avvio autonomo invece del sistema operativo.<br \/>\nL'articolo \u00e8 il primo di una serie dedicata alla dimostrazione delle tecniche richieste nella programmazione di basso livello e nello sviluppo di sistemi operativi.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53398\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 1.45 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Rust, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c Mozilla. \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441\u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 runtime. 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 1.45 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Rust, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c Mozilla. \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a 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content=\"2020-07-20T17:41:56+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-20T17:41:56+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Rilascio del linguaggio di programmazione Rust 1.45 | ProHoster","description":"\u00c8 stato pubblicato il rilascio 1.45 del linguaggio di programmazione Rust, sviluppato da Mozilla. 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