{"id":91210,"date":"2020-08-10T01:42:13","date_gmt":"2020-08-09T23:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/1-5-shemy-na-otechestvennom-ipsec-vpn-testiruyu-demoversii"},"modified":"2020-08-10T01:42:13","modified_gmt":"2020-08-09T23:42:13","slug":"1-5-shemy-na-otechestvennom-ipsec-vpn-testiruyu-demoversii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/1-5-shemy-na-otechestvennom-ipsec-vpn-testiruyu-demoversii","title":{"rendered":"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/34026e07ff4a1fd64227224ca4c96f0d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Situazione<\/h3>\n<p>\nHo ricevuto una demo dei prodotti S-Terra VPN versione 4.3 per tre mesi. Voglio capire se la mia vita da ingegnere diventer\u00e0 pi\u00f9 facile dopo il passaggio alla nuova versione.<\/p>\n<p>Oggi non \u00e8 difficile, un pacchetto di caff\u00e8 solubile 3 in 1 dovrebbe bastare. Racconter\u00f2 come ottenere le versioni di prova. Prover\u00f2 a configurare schemi GRE-over-IPsec e IPsec-over-GRE.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Come ottenere una versione di prova<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0c5482e01684b8c7b3e35fb9c473b475.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDal disegno risulta che per ottenere una versione di prova \u00e8 necessario:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Scrivere un'email a presale@s-terra.ru da un indirizzo aziendale;<\/li>\n<li>Nell'email indicare il codice fiscale della tua organizzazione;<\/li>\n<li>Elencare i prodotti e le loro quantit\u00e0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nLe versioni di prova sono valide per tre mesi. Il fornitore non limita la loro funzionalit\u00e0. <\/p>\n<h3>Sto avviando l'immagine<\/h3>\n<p>\nLa versione di prova del gateway di sicurezza \u00e8 un'immagine di macchina virtuale. Sto usando VMWare Workstation. L'elenco completo degli hypervisor e degli ambienti di virtualizzazione supportati \u00e8 disponibile sul sito del fornitore. <\/p>\n<p>Prima di iniziare azioni attive, fai attenzione che nell'immagine della macchina virtuale non ci sono interfacce di rete per impostazione predefinita: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/b1ffa5f27aae9744fc24a91b709794d6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa logica \u00e8 chiara, l'utente deve aggiungere tante interfacce quante ne ha bisogno. Ne aggiunger\u00f2 subito quattro:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/626f2e1ba04babd37373298d650b210d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOra avvio la macchina virtuale. Subito dopo l'avvio, il gateway richiede nome utente e password. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In C-Terra Gateway ci sono pi\u00f9 console con diverse credenziali. Conter\u00f2 il loro numero in un articolo separato. Ma per ora:<br \/>\n<code>Accedi come: amministratore<br \/>\nPassword: s-terra<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nInizializzo il gateway. L'inizializzazione \u00e8 una sequenza di operazioni: inserimento della licenza, configurazione del generatore biologico di numeri casuali (il simulatore di tastiera \u2013 il mio record \u00e8 di 27 secondi) e creazione della mappa delle interfacce di rete.<\/p>\n<h3>Mappa delle interfacce di rete. Ora \u00e8 pi\u00f9 facile.<\/h3>\n<p>\nLa versione 4.2 accoglieva l'utente attivo con messaggi:<\/p>\n<p><code>Avvio del demone IPsec\u2026.. fallito<br \/>\nERRORE: Impossibile stabilire una connessione con il demone<\/code><\/p>\n<p><i>Un utente attivo (secondo l'ingegnere anonimo) \u00e8 un utente in grado di configurare qualsiasi cosa rapidamente e senza documentazione.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Qualcosa non andava, gi\u00e0 prima di tentare di configurare l'indirizzo IP sull'interfaccia. Tutto dipende dalla mappa delle interfacce di rete. Era necessario eseguire:<\/p>\n<p><code>\/bin\/netifcfg enum &gt; \/home\/map<br \/>\n\/bin\/netifcfg map \/home\/map<br \/>\nriavviare il servizio di rete<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Di conseguenza, viene creata una mappa delle interfacce di rete, che contiene il mapping dei nomi delle interfacce fisiche (0000:02:03.0) e le loro designazioni logiche nel sistema operativo (eth0) e nella console simile a Cisco (FastEthernet0\/0):<\/p>\n<p><code>#Unique ID iface type OS name Cisco-like name<\/p>\n<p>0000:02:03.0 phye eth0 FastEthernet0\/0<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Le designazioni logiche delle interfacce sono chiamate alias. Gli alias sono memorizzati nel file \/etc\/ifaliases.cf. <br \/>\nNella versione 4.3, al primo avvio della macchina virtuale, la mappa delle interfacce viene creata automaticamente. Se cambi il numero delle interfacce di rete nella virtual machine, assicurati di ricreare la mappa delle interfacce.<\/p>\n<p><code>\/bin\/netifcfg enum &gt; \/home\/map<br \/>\n\/bin\/netifcfg map \/home\/map<br \/>\nsystemctl riavviare networking<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>Schema 1: GRE-over-IPsec<\/h3>\n<p>\nDistribuisco due gateway virtuali, collegandoli come mostrato nell'immagine:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bf3b085f6874d04043511ef262979a39.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Passo 1. Configuro gli indirizzi IP e le rotte<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config) #\ninterface fa0\/0\nip address 172.16.1.253 255.255.255.0\nno shutdown\ninterface fa0\/1\nip address 192.168.1.253 255.255.255.0\nno shutdown\nip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.254<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG2(config) #\ninterface fa0\/0\nip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0\nno shutdown\ninterface fa0\/1\nip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0\nno shutdown\nip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.253<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nControllo la connettivit\u00e0 IP:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# ping 172.16.1.254 -c 4\nPING 172.16.1.254 (172.16.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data.\n64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.545 ms\n64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.657 ms\n64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.687 ms\n64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.273 ms\n\n--- 172.16.1.254 statistiche ping ---\n4 pacchetti trasmessi, 4 ricevuti, 0% perdita di pacchetti, tempo 3005ms\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 0.273\/0.540\/0.687\/0.164 ms<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b>Passo 2. Configuro GRE<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Prendo un esempio di configurazione GRE dagli scenari ufficiali. Creo un file gre1 nella directory \/etc\/network\/interfaces.d con il contenuto.<\/p>\n<p>Per VG1:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">auto gre1\niface gre1 inet static\naddress 1.1.1.1\nnetmask 255.255.255.252\npre-up ip tunnel add gre1 mode gre remote 172.16.1.254 local 172.16.1.253 key 1 ttl 64 tos inherit\npre-up ethtool -K gre1 tx off &gt; \/dev\/null\npre-up ip link set gre1 mtu 1400\npost-down ip link del gre1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPer VG2:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">auto gre1\niface gre1 inet static\naddress 1.1.1.2\nnetmask 255.255.255.252\npre-up ip tunnel add gre1 mode gre remote 172.16.1.253 local 172.16.1.254 key 1 ttl 64 tos inherit\npre-up ethtool -K gre1 tx off &gt; \/dev\/null\npre-up ip link set gre1 mtu 1400\npost-down ip link del gre1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAttivando l'interfaccia nel sistema:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# ifup gre1\nroot@VG2:~# ifup gre1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nControllo:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# ip address show\n8: gre1@NONE:  mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1\n    link\/gre 172.16.1.253 peer 172.16.1.254\n    inet 1.1.1.1\/30 brd 1.1.1.3 scope global gre1\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n\nroot@VG1:~# ip tunnel show\ngre0: gre\/ip remote any local any ttl inherit nopmtudisc\ngre1: gre\/ip remote 172.16.1.254 local 172.16.1.253 ttl 64 tos inherit key 1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nIn C-Terra, il Gateway ha un pacchetto sniffer integrato \u2014 tcpdump. Registrer\u00f2 un dump del traffico in un file pcap:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG2:~# tcpdump -i eth0 -w \/home\/dump.pcap<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAvvio il ping tra le interfacce GRE:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# ping 1.1.1.2 -c 4\nPING 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.918 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.850 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.918 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.974 ms\n\n--- 1.1.1.2 statistiche ping ---\n4 pacchetti trasmessi, 4 ricevuti, 0% perdita di pacchetti, tempo 3006ms\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 0.850\/0.915\/0.974\/0.043 ms<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nIl tunnel GRE \u00e8 attivo e funzionante:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0b56c02e36d1dd17b42e3fadcffb6193.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Passo 3. Criptiamo con GOST il GRE<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Imposto il tipo di identificazione: per indirizzo. Autenticazione tramite chiave predefinita (secondo le Regole di Utilizzo \u00e8 necessario utilizzare certificati digitali):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config)#\ncrypto isakmp identity address\ncrypto isakmp key KEY address 172.16.1.254<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nImposto i parametri IPsec Fase I:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config)#\ncrypto isakmp policy 1\nencr gost\nhash gost3411-256-tc26\nauth pre-share\ngroup vko2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nImposto i parametri IPsec Fase II:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config)#\ncrypto ipsec transform-set TSET esp-gost28147-4m-imit\nmode tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nCreo una lista di accesso per la crittografia. Traffico target \u2014 GRE:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config)#\nip access-list extended LIST\npermit gre host 172.16.1.253 host 172.16.1.254<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nCreo una mappa crittografica e la associo all'interfaccia WAN:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config)#\ncrypto map CMAP 1 ipsec-isakmp\nmatch address LIST\nset transform-set TSET\nset peer 172.16.1.253\ninterface fa0\/0\n  crypto map CMAP<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPer VG2 la configurazione \u00e8 speculare, le differenze:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG2(config)#\ncrypto isakmp key KEY address 172.16.1.253\nip access-list extended LIST\npermit gre host 172.16.1.254 host 172.16.1.253\ncrypto map CMAP 1 ipsec-isakmp\nset peer 172.16.1.254<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nControllo:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG2:~# tcpdump -i eth0 -w \/home\/dump2.pcap<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# ping 1.1.1.2 -c 4\nPING 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1128 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=126 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.07 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.12 ms\n\n--- statistiche ping 1.1.1.2 ---\n4 pacchetti trasmessi, 4 ricevuti, 0% perdita di pacchetti, tempo 3006ms\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 1.077\/314.271\/1128.419\/472.826 ms, pipe 2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nStatistiche ISAKMP\/IPsec:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# sa_mgr show\nISAKMP sessioni: 0 avviate, 0 risposte\n\nConnessioni ISAKMP:\nNum Conn-id (Indirizzo locale, Porta)-(Indirizzo remoto, Porta) Stato Inviato Ricevuto\n1 1 (172.16.1.253,500)-(172.16.1.254,500) attivo 1086 1014\n\nConnessioni IPsec:\nNum Conn-id (Indirizzo locale, Porta)-(Indirizzo remoto, Porta) Protocollo Azione Tipo Inviato Ricevuto\n1 1 (172.16.1.253,*)-(172.16.1.254,*) 47 ESP tunn 480 480<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNel dump del traffico non ci sono pacchetti GRE:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/cf96619cb4224cbf4da7c15db73587c7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOutput: la configurazione GRE-over-IPsec funziona correttamente.<\/p>\n<h3>Schema 1.5: IPsec-over-GRE<\/h3>\n<p>\nNon ho intenzione di utilizzare IPsec-over-GRE nella rete. Lo impostiamo, solo per curiosit\u00e0. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/98909280d82184278e23f2c38b90947d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPer rovesciare lo schema GRE-over-IPsec \u00e8 necessario:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Modificare l'elenco di accesso per la crittografia \u2013 traffico di destinazione da LAN1 a LAN2 e viceversa;<\/li>\n<li>Configurare la routing tramite GRE;<\/li>\n<li>Attaccare la chiave crittografica all'interfaccia GRE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDi default nella console simile a Cisco del gateway non esiste un'interfaccia GRE. Essa esiste solo nel sistema operativo. <\/p>\n<p>Aggiungo l'interfaccia GRE nella console simile a Cisco. Per fare ci\u00f2 modifico il file \/etc\/ifaliases.cf:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">interface (name=&quot;FastEthernet0\/0&quot; pattern=&quot;eth0&quot;)\ninterface (name=&quot;FastEthernet0\/1&quot; pattern=&quot;eth1&quot;)\ninterface (name=&quot;FastEthernet0\/2&quot; pattern=&quot;eth2&quot;)\ninterface (name=&quot;FastEthernet0\/3&quot; pattern=&quot;eth3&quot;)\ninterface (name=&quot;Tunnel0&quot; pattern=&quot;gre1&quot;)\ninterface (name=&quot;default&quot; pattern=&quot;*&quot;)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\ndove gre1 \u2013 \u00e8 la designazione dell'interfaccia nel sistema operativo, Tunnel0 \u2013 \u00e8 la designazione dell'interfaccia nella console simile a Cisco.<\/p>\n<p>Ricalcolo l'hash del file:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# integr_mgr calc -f \/etc\/ifaliases.cf\n\nSUCCESS: Operazione riuscita.<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAdesso l'interfaccia Tunnel0 \u00e8 apparsa nella console in stile Cisco:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1# show run\ninterface Tunnel0\nip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.252\nmtu 1400<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nCorreggo l'elenco di accesso per la crittografia:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config)#\nip access-list extended LIST\npermit ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nConfiguro la routing attraverso GRE:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config)#\nno ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.254\nip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRimuovo la mappa crittografica da Fa0\/0 e la collego all'interfaccia GRE:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">VG1(config)#\ninterface Tunnel0\ncrypto map CMAP<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPer VG2 \u00e8 analogo.<\/p>\n<p>Controllo:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG2:~# tcpdump -i eth0 -w \/home\/dump3.pcap<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# ping 192.168.2.254 -I 192.168.1.253 -c 4\nPING 192.168.2.254 (192.168.2.254) da 192.168.1.253 : 56(84) byte di dati.\n64 byte da 192.168.2.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=492 ms\n64 byte da 192.168.2.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.08 ms\n64 byte da 192.168.2.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.06 ms\n64 byte da 192.168.2.254: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.07 ms\n\n--- statistiche del ping su 192.168.2.254 ---\n4 pacchetti trasmessi, 4 ricevuti, 0% di perdita, tempo 3006ms\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 1.064\/124.048\/492.972\/212.998 ms<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Statistiche ISAKMP\/IPsec:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">root@VG1:~# sa_mgr show\nSessioni ISAKMP: 0 iniziate, 0 risposte\n\nConnessioni ISAKMP:\nNum Conn-id (Indirizzo locale,Porta)-(Indirizzo remoto,Porta) Stato Inviati Ricevuti\n1 2 (172.16.1.253,500)-(172.16.1.254,500) attivo 1094 1022\n\nConnessioni IPsec:\nNum Conn-id (Indirizzo locale,Porta)-(Indirizzo remoto,Porta) Protocollo Tipo Azione Inviati Ricevuti\n1 2 (192.168.1.0-192.168.1.255,*)-(192.168.2.0-192.168.2.255,*) * ESP tunn 352 352<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNel dump del traffico, pacchetti ESP incapsulati in GRE:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"1.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Sto testando le versioni dimostrative.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/068865544de126a1673c6fb7b6367ffd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRisultato: IPsec-over-GRE funziona correttamente.<\/p>\n<h3>Risultati<\/h3>\n<p>\nUna tazza di caff\u00e8 \u00e8 bastata. Ho scritto una guida per ottenere la versione demo. Ho configurato GRE-over-IPsec e l'ho implementato al contrario.<\/p>\n<p>La mappa delle interfacce di rete nella versione 4.3 \u00e8 automatica! Continuo a testare.<\/p>\n<p><i>Ingegnere anonimo<br \/>\nt.me\/anonimous_engineer<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/514190\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0421-\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 VPN \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 4.3 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435 3 \u0432 1 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b GRE-over-IPsec \u0438 IPsec-over-GRE. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":91211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0421-\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 VPN \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 4.3 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435 3 \u0432 1 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b GRE-over-IPsec \u0438 IPsec-over-GRE. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/1-5-shemy-na-otechestvennom-ipsec-vpn-testiruyu-demoversii\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd471.5 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c IPsec VPN. \u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0421-\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 VPN \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 4.3 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435 3 \u0432 1 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b GRE-over-IPsec \u0438 IPsec-over-GRE. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/1-5-shemy-na-otechestvennom-ipsec-vpn-testiruyu-demoversii\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-09T23:42:13+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-09T23:42:13+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd471.5 schemi su VPN IPsec nazionali. Testing delle versioni demo | ProHoster","description":"Situazione: Ho ottenuto una versione demo dei prodotti C-TERRA VPN versione 4.3 per tre mesi. Voglio capire se la mia vita da ingegnere diventer\u00e0 pi\u00f9 facile dopo il passaggio alla nuova versione. Oggi non \u00e8 difficile, un pacchetto di caff\u00e8 istantaneo 3 in 1 dovrebbe bastare. Racconter\u00f2 come ottenere le versioni demo. Prover\u00f2 a raccogliere gli schemi GRE-over-IPsec e IPsec-over-GRE. Come ottenere la versione demo: Dalla figura, per ottenere","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/1-5-shemy-na-otechestvennom-ipsec-vpn-testiruyu-demoversii","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd471.5 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c IPsec VPN. \u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0421-\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 VPN \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 4.3 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435 3 \u0432 1 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b GRE-over-IPsec \u0438 IPsec-over-GRE. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/1-5-shemy-na-otechestvennom-ipsec-vpn-testiruyu-demoversii","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-08-09T23:42:13+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-08-09T23:42:13+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"91210","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 12:32:22","updated":"2022-09-28 01:47:27"},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91210\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}