{"id":93097,"date":"2020-09-03T01:42:36","date_gmt":"2020-09-02T23:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola"},"modified":"2020-09-03T01:42:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-02T23:42:36","slug":"kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola","title":{"rendered":"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Questo articolo tratta di come funziona la grafica in Linux e quali componenti la costituiscono. Include molti screenshot di diverse implementazioni degli ambienti desktop.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Se non riesci a distinguere tra KDE e GNOME, o se li distingui ma desideri conoscere altre alternative, questo articolo \u00e8 per te. \u00c8 una panoramica che, pur contenendo molti nomi e qualche termine, sar\u00e0 utile anche per i principianti e per coloro che stanno solo iniziando a esplorare Linux.<\/p>\n<p>L'argomento pu\u00f2 interessare anche gli utenti esperti che configurano l'accesso remoto e implementano client leggeri. Spesso incontro utenti Linux piuttosto esperti con l'affermazione \"sul server c'\u00e8 solo la riga di comando e non intendo approfondire la grafica, poich\u00e9 \u00e8 tutto per gli utenti comuni\". Ma anche gli esperti di Linux scoprono con grande sorpresa e gioia l'opzione \"-X\" del comando ssh (ed \u00e8 utile sapere come funziona e quali sono le funzioni del server X).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/9aee6ddc1d2e56b7dc2699104b2c7c5c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.freepik.com\/premium-photo\/empty-working-table-in-room-with-window_5478457.htm\"><i>Fonte<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nInsegno corsi di Linux da quasi 15 anni a \"<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/academy.ru\/\">Agenzia di Rete LANIT<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b (\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439), \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c. \u0418 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u00ab\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u00bb \u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b\u00a0 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f Linux\u00bb, \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 Linux\u00bb, \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438: GPL, BSD, &#8230;\u00bb, \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00bb (\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438) \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041d\u0435 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u00ab\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441\u00bb \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439\u2026 \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u0421 Linux, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f (\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043c Linux, \u0432\u0441\u0451-\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u00abLinux\u00bb) \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nel corso dell'articolo, per ciascun componente indico i link per coloro che desiderano approfondire l'argomento, ad esempio articoli su Wikipedia (indicando la versione pi\u00f9 completa\/utilizzata, se disponibile sia la versione inglese che quella russa).<\/p>\n<p>Per i principali esempi e screenshot, ho utilizzato la distribuzione openSUSE. Si poteva utilizzare qualsiasi altra distribuzione sviluppata dalla comunit\u00e0, con un'ampia disponibilit\u00e0 di pacchetti nel repository. \u00c8 difficile, ma possibile, dimostrare la diversit\u00e0 nell'aspetto del desktop su una distribuzione commerciale, poich\u00e9 in genere vengono utilizzati solo uno o due ambienti desktop pi\u00f9 noti. In questo modo, gli sviluppatori semplificano la loro necessit\u00e0 di rilasciare un sistema operativo stabile e collaudato. Su questo sistema ho installato tutti i DM\/DE\/WM (spiegazione di questi termini di seguito) che ho trovato nel repository.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Gli screenshot con \"cornici blu\" sono stati realizzati su openSUSE.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Gli screenshot con \"cornici bianche\" sono stati fatti su altre distribuzioni, indicate nello screenshot.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Gli screenshot con \"cornici grigie\" sono stati presi da internet, come esempi di design per desktop degli anni passati.<\/p>\n<p>Bene, iniziamo.<\/p>\n<h2>Componenti principali della grafica<\/h2>\n<p>\nVoglio evidenziare tre componenti principali e elencarli nell'ordine in cui vengono avviati all'avvio del sistema:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>DM (Display Manager);<\/li>\n<li>Server di Visualizzazione;<\/li>\n<li>DE (Desktop Environment).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nIn aggiunta, come punti importanti nel Desktop Environment:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Apps Manager\/Launcher\/Switcher (pulsante \u00abStart\u00bb);\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>WM (Window Manager);<\/li>\n<li>diverso software fornito insieme all'ambiente desktop.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMaggiore dettaglio su ciascun punto.<\/p>\n<h3>DM (Display Manager)<\/h3>\n<p>\nLa prima applicazione che viene avviata all'accensione della \u00abgrafica\u00bb \u00e8 il DM (Display Manager), il gestore della visualizzazione. Le sue principali funzioni sono:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chiedere quali utenti possono accedere al sistema, richiedere i dati di autenticazione (password, impronta digitale);<\/li>\n<li>selezionare quale ambiente desktop avviare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAttualmente, in varie distribuzioni vengono ampiamente utilizzati:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager\">SDDM<\/a><\/noindex> (sostituito da <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KDE_Display_Manager\">KDM<\/a><\/noindex>),<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME_Display_Manager\">GDM<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LightDM\">LightDM<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XDM\">XDM<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li>Si pu\u00f2 anche menzionare Fly-DM (utilizzato in AstraLinux).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nL'elenco dei DM esistenti \u00e8 costantemente aggiornato nella <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X_display_manager\">voce di Wiki.<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/204956890c2073f8e78affd6f8a436f5.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/78be3e46c5f19e94ead51d28342a88cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/8289defcc50aefe22335f246bf087d40.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/e015108e5fe4cd8726d85cbc35485b7b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u00c8 importante notare che negli screenshot seguenti viene utilizzato lo stesso gestore di visualizzazione LightDM, ma in diverse distribuzioni (i nomi delle distribuzioni sono indicati tra parentesi). Valuta quanto possa apparire diverso questo DM grazie al lavoro dei designer delle varie distribuzioni.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/e5f027663ede346b0a8672145b270a9c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/c38028561921938a26854c09b2df9962.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/bcd3fb8587073ea4cc13d3a3e8d288e0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/78ecb10881fe774621884bcce9eccaf9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/28748bef94fe0ff0f6c5e9decf2f8671.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nLa cosa principale in questa variet\u00e0 \u00e8 che esiste un'applicazione che si occupa di avviare la grafica e consentire all'utente di accedervi, e ci sono diverse implementazioni di quest'applicazione, che si differenziano per aspetto e un po' per funzionalit\u00e0 (selezione degli ambienti desktop, scelta degli utenti, versione per utenti con disabilit\u00e0 visive, possibilit\u00e0 di accesso remoto tramite il protocollo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XDMCP\">XDMCP<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<h3>Display Server<\/h3>\n<p>\nIl Display Server \u00e8 un fondamento della grafica, il cui compito principale \u00e8 interagire con la scheda grafica, il monitor e vari dispositivi di input (tastiera, mouse, touchpad). Ci\u00f2 significa che l'applicazione (ad esempio, un browser o un editor di testo), che viene visualizzata nella \u2018grafica\u2019, non deve sapere come lavorare direttamente con i dispositivi, n\u00e9 deve conoscere i driver. Tutto questo \u00e8 gestito da X Window.<\/p>\n<p>Quando si parla di Display Server, per molti anni in Linux e Unix si intendeva un'applicazione <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X_Window_System\">X Window System<\/a><\/noindex> o comunemente chiamato X (Iks).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Attualmente, in molte distribuzioni, si sta introducendo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayland\">Wayland<\/a><\/noindex>.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayland\">\u00a0<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Puoi anche leggere:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X_Window_System_protocols_and_architecture\">\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b X&#8217;\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xephyr\">\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a X&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0432 X&#8217;\u0430\u0445<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xming\">\u0425&#8217;\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u041e\u0421 Windows<\/a><\/noindex> (necessari per l'avvio remoto delle applicazioni grafiche, ad esempio usando PuTTY).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c X&#8217;\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<h2>Pratica \"avviando X e le applicazioni in esso\"<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0412\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f webinaruser (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 root&#8217;\u0430).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0425&#8217;\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0434\u0430\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f: <i>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0425&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 (\/home\/webinaruser\/.local\/share\/xorg\/Xorg.77.log)<\/i>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<code>% sudo setfacl -m u:webinaruser:rw \/dev\/tty8 \/dev\/dri\/card0 \/dev\/fb0 \/dev\/input\/*<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e X&#8217;\u044b:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<code>% X -retro :77 vt8 &amp;\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p><i>\u041e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438: * -retro \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u00ab\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b\u043c\u00bb \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e; * :77 \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e (\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e :0 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443) \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 X&#8217;\u043e\u0432; * vt8 \u2014 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \/dev\/tty8, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f X&#8217;\u044b).<\/i>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Avviamo un'applicazione grafica:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f X&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><code> % export DISPLAY=&quot;:77&quot;\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 X&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><code> ps -fwwC X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 X&#8217;\u044b \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u044b:<\/p>\n<p><code> % xclock -update 1 &amp;\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>% xcalc &amp;\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>% xeyes -g 200x150-300+50 &amp;<\/code><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1c4d663a9b6ae0f8f399e7bcf23e0153.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPrincipali idee e conclusioni da questo frammento:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X&#8217;\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c: \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430,<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0438 X&#8217;\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0435 (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u00ab&#8212;retro\u00bb) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 1920&#215;1080 \u0438\u043b\u0438 1024&#215;768), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e X&#8217;\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b\u0448\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 X&#8217;\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0448 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f DISPLAY \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 (\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 X&#8217;\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430), \u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435,\u00a0 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c X&#8217;\u044b. (\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 X&#8217;\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438.) \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a X&#8217;\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 -auth, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 XAUTHORITY \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 xhost.<\/li>\n<li>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 X-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b) \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 X&#8217;\u0430\u0445 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\/\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\/\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u00ab-g (\u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430)x(\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430)+(\u0421\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u041e\u0442\u041b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u041a\u0440\u0430\u044f)+(\u0421\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u041e\u0442\u0412\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u041a\u0440\u0430\u044f)\u00bb. \u0421\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u00bb\u00a0 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c: X-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 X&#8217;\u044b) \u0438 X-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432 X&#8217;\u0430\u0445). \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0451 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u0441 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b\u00bb (\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430) \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043a \u00ab\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u00bb (\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0442\u043e X-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440 (\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435\u00bb, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u00bb), \u0430 X-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u00bb, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2d2da75b9d10fc850ad821ea0c00be71.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Componenti DE<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnalizziamo i componenti di cui \u00e8 solitamente composto un desktop.<\/p>\n<h3>Componenti DE: pulsante \"Start\" e \"Barra delle applicazioni\"<\/h3>\n<p>\nIniziamo con il cosiddetto pulsante \u00abStart\u00bb. Spesso \u00e8 un'applet separata, utilizzata nella \u00abBarra delle applicazioni\u00bb. Di solito \u00e8 presente anche un'applet per passare tra le applicazioni aperte.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/9e172828edff6ace7ce6b03786216283.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nEsaminando diversi ambienti desktop, potrei riassumere tali applicazioni sotto il nome comune di \u00abApps Manager (Launcher\/Switcher)\u00bb, cio\u00e8 uno strumento per gestire le applicazioni (lancio e passaggio tra quelle aperte), e indicher\u00f2 le utility che sono esempi di applicazione di questo tipo.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c8 presente in forma di pulsante \u00abStart\u00bb sulla classica \u00abBarra delle applicazioni\u00bb (lunga quanto un lato dello schermo):\n<p>\u25cb xfce4-panel,<br \/>\n\u25cb mate-panel\/gnome-panel,<br \/>\n\u25cb vala-panel,<br \/>\n\u25cb tint2.<\/li>\n<li>Si possono anche evidenziare separatamente le \u00abBarre delle applicazioni simili a MacOS\u00bb (non lunghe quanto un lato dello schermo), sebbene molte barre delle applicazioni possano essere visualizzate in entrambe le varianti. Qui la principale differenza \u00e8 puramente visiva: la presenza dell'\u00abeffetto ingrandimento delle icone al passaggio del mouse\u00bb.\n<p>\u25cb docky,<br \/>\n\u25cb latte-dock,<br \/>\n\u25cb cairo-dock,<br \/>\n\u25cb plank.<\/li>\n<li>E\/O servizi che avviano applicazioni alla pressione di \u00abtasti di scelta rapida\u00bb (in molti ambienti desktop \u00e8 presente un componente simile che consente di impostare le proprie combinazioni di tasti):\n<p>\u25cb sxhkd.<\/li>\n<li>Esistono anche vari menu-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u00ablauncher\u00bb (da \u00abLaunch\u00bb):\n<p>\u25cb dmenu-run,<br \/>\n\u25cb rofi -show drun,<br \/>\n\u25cb albert,<br \/>\n\u25cb grun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/b4b3bb6e50afdfa043abbbba6cd78404.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Componenti DE: WM (Window Manager)<\/h3>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_X_Window_System\"><i>Ulteriori dettagli in russo<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_X_window_managers\"><i>Ulteriori dettagli in inglese<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Il WM (Window Manager) \u00e8 un'applicazione che gestisce le finestre, fornendo la possibilit\u00e0 di:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>spostare le finestre sul desktop (incluso lo spostamento standard tenendo premuto il tasto Alt su qualsiasi parte della finestra, non solo sulla barra del titolo);<\/li>\n<li>modificare le dimensioni delle finestre, ad esempio, trascinando il bordo della finestra;<\/li>\n<li>aggiungere alla finestra il \u00abtitolo (title)\u00bb e i pulsanti di minimizzazione\/maximizzazione\/chiusura dell'applicazione;<\/li>\n<li>gestire quale applicazione \u00e8 \u00abin primo piano\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/dc624db555d9733bc8d4c310db52a3d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nElencando i pi\u00f9 noti (tra parentesi indico in quale DE \u00e8 usato di default):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mutter_(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80)\">mutter<\/a><\/noindex> (GNOME3),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metacity#Marco\">marco<\/a><\/noindex> (Mate),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metacity\">metacity<\/a><\/noindex> (GNOME2),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metacity#Muffin\">muffin<\/a><\/noindex> (Cinnamon),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KWin\">kwin<\/a><\/noindex> (KDE),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xfce#Xfwm\">xfwm<\/a><\/noindex> (XFCE),<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twm\">twm<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/d400832d130999737960568217c40c20.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nElenco anche i \"vecchi WM con elementi DE\". Cio\u00e8, oltre al gestore di finestre, contengono elementi come il pulsante \"Start\" e la \"taskbar\", pi\u00f9 tipici di un DE completo. Anche se sono \"vecchi\", considerando che sia IceWM che WindowMaker hanno gi\u00e0 rilasciato versioni aggiornate nel 2020. Quindi, sarebbe pi\u00f9 corretto definirli \"storici\":<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IceWM\">IceWM<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Window_Maker\">WindowMaker<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Openbox\">openbox<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackbox\">blackbox<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fluxbox\">fluxbox<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FVWM\">fvwm<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/961752f4dd3a287939c0f23c33df3690.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/c1b41bf8c1403786a9327d323510f8fb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/bba7016b0444a9bcdf167391febc455b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/764bc7a1fd7785abbbd7fd57f9b6b4c9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/97c471d50137dc5015e16632ba1226bc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nOltre ai \"classici\" (\"gestori di finestre a pila\"), vale la pena menzionare separatamente <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80\">WM a tiling<\/a><\/noindex>, che consente di posizionare le finestre \"a mosaico\" su tutto lo schermo, e per alcune applicazioni un desktop separato per ogni applicazione avviata a schermo intero. Questo \u00e8 un po' insolito per le persone che non lo hanno mai usato prima, ma dato che io stesso utilizzo questo tipo di interfaccia da abbastanza tempo, posso dire che \u00e8 piuttosto comodo e ci si abitua rapidamente a un'interfaccia di questo tipo, dopo di che i \"classici\" gestori di finestre non sembrano pi\u00f9 comodi.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I3_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0)\">i3<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ratpoison\">ratpoison<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Awesome\">awesome<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwm\">DWM<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xmonad\">Xmonad<\/a><\/noindex>,<\/li>\n<li>qtile,<\/li>\n<li>bspwm,<\/li>\n<li>herbstluftwm,<\/li>\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<li>twin,<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sway_(window_manager)\">sway<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a1d0ed462012443e329e469317d91ea3.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nVale anche la pena menzionare il progetto <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compiz\">Compiz <\/a><\/noindex>esiste anche il concetto di \u00abGestore delle finestre composito\u00bb, che utilizza le capacit\u00e0 di accelerazione hardware per visualizzare trasparenze, ombre e diversi effetti 3D. Circa 10 anni fa c'\u00e8 stata un'esplosione di effetti 3D sui desktop Linux. Oggi, molti dei gestori di finestre integrati nei DE utilizzano parzialmente le capacit\u00e0 compositive. Recentemente \u00e8 emerso <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wayfire.org\/\">Wayfire<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 un prodotto con funzionalit\u00e0 simili a Compiz per Wayland.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/15f24a75178725789eb23902beaea754.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nUn elenco dettagliato dei vari gestori di finestre pu\u00f2 essere consultato in\u00a0 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gilesorr.com\/wm\/table.html\">un articolo di comparazione.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Componenti DE: altri<\/h3>\n<p>\nVale anche la pena menzionare i seguenti componenti del desktop (qui utilizzo termini consolidati in inglese per descrivere i tipi di applicazioni \u2014 non i nomi delle applicazioni stesse):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Applet (Applet):<\/li>\n<li>Software (Widget toolkit) \u2014 spesso con l'ambiente viene fornito un \u00abset minimo\u00bb di software:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>DE (Ambiente Desktop)<\/h3>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Desktop_environment\"><i>Ulteriori dettagli in inglese<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Dai componenti sopra elencati si ottiene la cosiddetta \u00abAmbiente desktop\u00bb. Spesso tutti i suoi componenti sono sviluppati utilizzando le stesse librerie grafiche e seguendo principi di design simili. In questo modo, almeno, viene mantenuto uno stile coerente per l'aspetto delle applicazioni.<\/p>\n<p>Attualmente possiamo evidenziare i seguenti ambienti desktop:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xfce\">Xfce<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KDE_Plasma_5\">KDE<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME\">GNOME<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinnamon\">Cinnamon<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MATE\">Mate<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LXQt\">LXQt<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enlightenment\">Enlightenment<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nI pi\u00f9 comuni sono considerati GNOME e KDE, con XFCE che li insegue da vicino.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2eac15453f423543757b82fea2252f13.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nIl confronto tra vari parametri in forma di tabella pu\u00f2 essere visto nell' <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_X_Window_System_desktop_environments\">articolo di Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>Diversit\u00e0 DE<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc763dda813bce0f25bb09d7bc12d8f8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Looking_Glass\"><strong>Project_Looking_Glass<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ci sono esempi interessanti nella storia: dal 2003 al 2007 per Linux \u00e8 stato realizzato un \"desktop 3D\" chiamato \"Project Looking Glass\" dall'azienda Sun. Ho utilizzato questo desktop, o meglio, mi sono \"divertito\" con esso, poich\u00e9 era difficile da usare. Questo \"design 3D\" era scritto in Java ai tempi in cui non esistevano ancora schede grafiche con supporto 3D. Pertanto, tutti gli effetti venivano elaborati dalla CPU, e il computer doveva essere molto potente, altrimenti tutto funzionava lentamente. Ma era esteticamente gradevole. Le finestre delle applicazioni potevano essere ruotate\/apri. Era possibile ruotarsi all'interno di un cilindro del desktop con sfondi panoramici a 360 gradi. C'erano alcune applicazioni molto belle, come l'ascolto della musica rappresentato come \"cambio di CD\" e cos\u00ec via. Puoi guardare su youtube <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=%22Project+Looking+Glass%22+SUN\">video<\/a><\/noindex> questo progetto, solo che la qualit\u00e0 di questi video sar\u00e0 probabilmente scadente, poich\u00e9 in quegli anni non era possibile caricare video di alta qualit\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/edd6331139d2083a3d93995d3e52d45d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xfce\"><strong>Xfce<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Desktop leggero. Esiste da abbastanza tempo, fin dal 1996. Negli ultimi anni \u00e8 diventato molto popolare, in contrapposizione ai pi\u00f9 pesanti KDE e GNOME, su molte distribuzioni che necessitano di un'interfaccia desktop leggera e 'classica'. Ha molte impostazioni e un gran numero di sue applicazioni: terminale (xfce4-terminal), gestore di file (thunar), visualizzatore di immagini (ristretto), editor di testo (mousepad).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/35897d01e7aa9be0a8ab392211175d69.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elementary_OS#Pantheon\"><strong>Pantheon<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Utilizzato nella distribuzione 'Elementary OS'. Qui si pu\u00f2 dire che ci sono 'desktop' che vengono sviluppati e utilizzati all'interno di una singola distribuzione e non sono ampiamente utilizzati (se non dire 'per niente') in altre distribuzioni. Almeno non hanno ancora guadagnato popolarit\u00e0 e non hanno convinto la maggior parte del pubblico dei vantaggi del loro approccio. Pantheon si prefigge l'obiettivo di costruire un'interfaccia simile a macOS.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/616e75e7679bfe0c9bb4c97177a6e0c2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nOpzione con barra dock:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/e649e83e2c8ef8d5a21a659e9343a7b6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enlightenment\"><strong>Enlightenment<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Forti inclinazione verso effetti grafici e widget (gi\u00e0 dai tempi in cui altri ambienti di lavoro non avevano widget sul desktop, come il calendario\/ore). Utilizza le proprie librerie. Dispone di un'ampia suite di applicazioni 'belle': terminale (Terminology), lettore multimediale (Rage), visualizzatore di immagini (Ephoto).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/93252eeb770b711af7c640e6e34a26c0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bodhilinux.com\/moksha-desktop\/\"><strong>Moksha<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Questo \u00e8 un fork di Enlightenment17, utilizzato nella distribuzione BodhiLinux.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/aede497dca4b3f82aab90889c537ae4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME\"><strong>GNOME<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Interfaccia desktop 'classica' inizialmente creata in contrapposizione a KDE, che era scritto sulla libreria QT, all'epoca distribuita con una licenza non particolarmente adatta per distribuzioni commerciali.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/726930a1caf14ed65cf680caba0b7198.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME_Shell\"><strong>GNOME_Shell<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Dalla terza versione di GNOME, \u00e8 stato fornito con l'interfaccia GNOME Shell, che presenta un 'aspetto non classico', il che non \u00e8 piaciuto a tutti gli utenti (qualsiasi cambiamento radicale nelle interfacce viene difficilmente accettato dagli utenti). Di conseguenza, sono emersi progetti fork che continuano lo sviluppo di questo desktop in uno stile 'classico': MATE e Cinnamon. \u00c8 utilizzato per default in molte distribuzioni commerciali. Ha un gran numero di impostazioni e applicazioni proprie.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/ad98740aa14d1ffbbe055265e50823ed.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MATE\"><strong>MATE<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00c8 nato sulla base di GNOME2 e continua lo sviluppo di questo ambiente grafico. Dispone di numerose impostazioni e fork di applicazioni che erano gi\u00e0 utilizzate in GNOME2 (vengono usati nuovi nomi) per evitare di confondere i fork con la loro nuova versione per GNOME3).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/d9cf43e15d4ff492e4703ce644013951.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinnamon\"><strong>Cinnamon<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fork di GNOME Shell che fornisce agli utenti un'interfaccia in stile 'classico' (come era in GNOME2).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Dispone di numerose impostazioni e delle stesse applicazioni di GNOME Shell.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/98f0ea5998e9e2aa299ae07be94be1c7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Budgie_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)\"><strong>Budgie<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fork di GNOME in stile 'classico' che \u00e8 stato sviluppato nell'ambito della distribuzione Solus, ma ora \u00e8 anche fornito come desktop autonomo su diverse altre distribuzioni.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc6ad79bf55a3be1941fbed5a9b9d71b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KDE_Plasma_5\"><strong>KDE_Plasma<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex> (o, come viene spesso chiamato, semplicemente KDE)\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ambiente desktop sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto KDE.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Offre un'enorme quantit\u00e0 di impostazioni accessibili all'utente comune tramite l'interfaccia grafica e molte applicazioni grafiche sviluppate per questo desktop.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a2edf68441240624c775beb8e6fb41af.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinity_Desktop_Environment\"><strong>Trinity<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Nel 2008, KDE ha rilasciato la sua nuova implementazione di KDE Plasma (con un motore del desktop notevolmente riscritto). Come per GNOME\/MATE, non a tutti i fan di KDE \u00e8 piaciuto. Di conseguenza, \u00e8 nato un fork del progetto, che continua lo sviluppo della versione precedente, chiamato TDE (Trinity Desktop Environment).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/8a726d8a896bc9bba4c84700ddd81e6e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deepin#Deepin_Desktop_Environment\"><strong>Deepin_DE<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Uno dei nuovi ambienti desktop, scritto utilizzando Qt (su cui si basa KDE). Ha molte impostazioni ed \u00e8 abbastanza bello (anche se \u00e8 un concetto soggettivo) e ben progettato. Viene sviluppato nell'ambito della distribuzione Deepin Linux. Sono disponibili anche pacchetti per altre distribuzioni.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/efe3ed7bca3db3de54066e291a5e6900.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>Fly<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Esempio di ambiente desktop scritto utilizzando Qt. Viene sviluppato nell'ambito della distribuzione Astra Linux.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/3267f48c18f3b1b20d7a051044a3cb56.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LXQt\"><strong>LXQt<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ambiente desktop leggero. Come diversi esempi precedenti, \u00e8 scritto utilizzando Qt. \u00c8 in effetti un'estensione del progetto LXDE e il risultato di una fusione con il progetto Razor-qt.<\/p>\n<p>Come potete vedere, il desktop in Linux pu\u00f2 avere un aspetto molto diverso e qui c'\u00e8 un'interfaccia adatta a qualsiasi gusto: da quelle molto belle e con effetti 3D a quelle minimaliste, da 'classiche' a insolite, da quelle che utilizzano attivamente le risorse di sistema a quelle leggere, da grandi schermi a tablet\/smartphone.<\/p>\n<p>Spero di aver dato un'idea di quali siano i componenti principali che compongono la grafica e il desktop nel sistema operativo Linux.<\/p>\n<p>Il materiale per questo articolo \u00e8 stato testato a luglio 2020 durante un webinar. Puoi guardarlo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KaJEa_VKceI\">qui<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Questo \u00e8 tutto. Spero sia stato utile. Se hai domande o commenti, scrivimi. Sar\u00f2 felice di rispondere. E vieni a studiare presso <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/academy.ru\/catalog\/unix%20linux\/\">\u00abL'Accademia di Rete LANIT\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>!<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/lanit\/blog\/516330\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.\u00a0 \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 KDE \u0438 GNOME \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":93098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 KDE \u0438 GNOME \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux: \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 KDE \u0438 GNOME \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-02T23:42:36+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-02T23:42:36+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Come funziona la grafica in Linux: panoramica dei vari ambienti desktop | ProHoster","description":"Questo articolo parla di come \u00e8 strutturata la grafica in Linux e di quali componenti la compongono. Contiene molti screenshot con varie realizzazioni di ambienti desktop. Se non fai molta distinzione tra KDE e GNOME o lo fai ma vorresti sapere quali altre alternative ci sono, questo articolo \u00e8 per te. \u00c8 un articolo di revisione, e anche se contiene molte informazioni.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux: \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 KDE \u0438 GNOME \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustroena-grafika-v-linux-obzor-razlichnyh-sred-oformleniya-rabochego-stola","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-09-02T23:42:36+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-09-02T23:42:36+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"93097","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:55:35","updated":"2022-09-27 18:15:25"},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93097\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}