{"id":94658,"date":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati"},"modified":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","slug":"red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat sta sviluppando un nuovo file system NVFS, ottimizzato per la memoria NVM.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, uno degli sviluppatori di LVM e autore di diversi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patents.justia.com\/inventor\/mikulas-patocka\">invenzioni<\/a><\/noindex>, relative all'ottimizzazione del lavoro dei sistemi di storage, attualmente impiegato presso Red Hat, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/9\/15\/517\">ha presentato<\/a><\/noindex> ha presentato nella mailing list degli sviluppatori del kernel Linux un nuovo file system <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/people.redhat.com\/~mpatocka\/nvfs\/\">NVFS<\/a><\/noindex>, mirato a creare un file system compatto e veloce per chip di memoria non volatile (NVM), come NVDIMM, che combina le prestazioni della RAM con la possibilit\u00e0 di memorizzare permanentemente il contenuto. <\/p>\n<p>Nello sviluppo di NVFS sono state considerate le esperienze del file system <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=46977\">NOVA<\/a><\/noindex>, creato nel 2017 specificamente per la memoria NVM, ma non incluso nel kernel Linux e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/NVSL\/linux-nova\">limitata<\/a><\/noindex> supportato dai kernel Linux dalla versione 4.13 fino alla 5.1.<br \/>\nIl file system NVFS proposto \u00e8 significativamente pi\u00f9 semplice di NOVA (4972 righe di codice contro 21459), offre un'utilit\u00e0 fsck, ha prestazioni superiori, supporta attributi estesi (xattrs), etichette di sicurezza, ACL e quote, ma non supporta snapshot. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/people.redhat.com\/~mpatocka\/nvfs\/INTERNALS\">L'architettura<\/a><\/noindex>  NVFS \u00e8 simile a<br \/>\nExt4 e si integra bene nel modello dei file system basato sul sottosistema VFS, il che consente di ridurre al minimo il numero di strati e di utilizzare un modulo che non richiede patch nel kernel.<\/p>\n<p>NVFS utilizza l'interfaccia del kernel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/plain\/Documentation\/filesystems\/dax.txt\">DAX<\/a><\/noindex> per l'accesso diretto ai dispositivi di memoria persistente bypassando la cache di pagina. Per ottimizzare l'uso della memoria NVM, che utilizza l'indirizzamento byte, il contenuto del dispositivo \u00e8 mappato in uno spazio di indirizzamento lineare del kernel senza utilizzare il tradizionale livello di dispositivi a blocchi e cache intermedie. Per memorizzare il contenuto delle directory si utilizza <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE\">un albero radix<\/a><\/noindex> , in cui ogni nome di file \u00e8 hashato e il valore dell'hash \u00e8 utilizzato durante la ricerca nell'albero.<\/p>\n<p> La coerenza dei dati \u00e8 garantita attraverso il meccanismo \"<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soft_updates\">soft updates<\/a><\/noindex>\" (come in UFS di FreeBSD e in FFS di OpenBSD) senza l'uso del journaling. Per evitare la corruzione dei file in NVFS, le operazioni di modifica dei dati sono raggruppate in modo tale che un crash non possa portare alla perdita di blocchi o inode, e l'integrit\u00e0 delle strutture viene ripristinata tramite l'utilit\u00e0 fsck. L'utilit\u00e0 fsck funziona in modalit\u00e0 multithread e garantisce prestazioni fino a 1,6 milioni di inode al secondo.<\/p>\n<p>In <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/people.redhat.com\/~mpatocka\/nvfs\/BENCHMARKS\">test di performance<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS ha completato l'operazione di copia dell'albero con i testi sorgente del kernel Linux su memoria NVM circa il 10% pi\u00f9 velocemente di NOVA, il 30% pi\u00f9 velocemente di ext4 e il 37% pi\u00f9 velocemente di XFS. Nel test di ricerca dei dati, il file system NVFS si \u00e8 dimostrato pi\u00f9 veloce di NOVA del 3% e di ext4 e XFS del 15% (ma con una cache disco attiva, NOVA \u00e8 risultata pi\u00f9 lenta del 15%).<br \/>\nNel test su un milione di operazioni con le directory, NVFS ha superato NOVA del 40%, ext4 del 22% e XFS del 46%. Durante la simulazione dell'attivit\u00e0 del DBMS, il file system NVFS ha superato NOVA del 20%, ext4 di 18 volte e XFS di 5 volte. Nel test fs_mark, le prestazioni di NVFS e NOVA sono risultate sostanzialmente equivalenti, mentre ext4 e XFS sono rimasti indietro di circa 3 volte.<\/p>\n<p>Il rallentamento dei file system tradizionali sulla memoria NVM \u00e8 dovuto al fatto che non sono progettati per l'indirizzamento byte a byte, applicato nella memoria non volatile, che appare come una normale RAM. La lettura da una memoria tradizionale garantisce l'atomicit\u00e0 dell'operazione a livello di lettura\/scrittura del settore, mentre la memoria NVM fornisce accesso a livello di singole parole di macchina. Inoltre, i file system tradizionali cercano di ridurre l'intensit\u00e0 delle operazioni sul supporto, considerato intrinsecamente pi\u00f9 lento della RAM, ed eliminano tentativi di raggruppare operazioni per garantire letture sequenziali quando si utilizzano dischi rigidi, gestiscono le code di richiesta, affrontano la frammentazione e dividono le priorit\u00e0 di esecuzione delle diverse operazioni. Per la memoria NVM, tali complicazioni sono superflue, poich\u00e9 la velocit\u00e0 di accesso ai dati \u00e8 comparabile a quella della RAM e l'ordine di accesso non \u00e8 rilevante.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53743\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 (Mikul&#225;&#353; Pato&#269;ka), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 LVM \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Red Hat, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 NVFS, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (NVM, non-volatile memory, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 NVDIMM), \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com 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