{"id":95716,"date":"2020-10-02T01:42:50","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T23:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp"},"modified":"2020-10-02T01:42:50","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T23:42:50","slug":"inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp","title":{"rendered":"L'iniziativa DNS flag day 2020 per risolvere problemi di frammentazione e supporto TCP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Oggi diversi grandi servizi DNS e produttori di server DNS parteciperanno a un evento congiunto DNS flag day 2020<\/a><\/noindex>, aimed at focusing attention on the solution<\/a><\/noindex> di problemi<\/a><\/noindex> \u0441 IP-\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 «DNS flag day» che si \u00e8 concentrato<\/a><\/noindex> sulla corretta gestione delle richieste EDNS. <\/p>\n

I partecipanti all'iniziativa DNS flag day 2020 invitano a fissare le dimensioni dei buffer raccomandate per EDNS a un valore di 1232 byte (dimensione MTU 1280 meno 48 byte per gli header), e inoltre tradurre<\/a><\/noindex> a rendere obbligatoria la gestione delle richieste TCP sui server. Nella RFC 1035<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e8 obbligatoria solo la gestione delle richieste UDP, mentre il TCP \u00e8 indicato come desiderabile, ma non necessario per il funzionamento. Le nuove RFC 7766<\/a><\/noindex> e RFC 5966<\/a><\/noindex> classificano esplicitamente il TCP tra le funzionalit\u00e0 obbligatorie necessarie per un funzionamento corretto del DNS. Nell'ambito dell'iniziativa proposta, si intende forzare il passaggio dall'invio di richieste tramite UDP all'uso di TCP nei casi in cui la dimensione del buffer EDNS non sia sufficiente.<\/p>\n

Le modifiche proposte eliminano la confusione nella scelta della dimensione del buffer EDNS e risolvono il problema della frammentazione dei grandi messaggi UDP, il cui trattamento spesso porta a perdita di pacchetti e timeout lato client. Lato client, la dimensione del buffer EDNS sar\u00e0 costante e le risposte di grandi dimensioni saranno inviate immediatamente al client tramite TCP. L'esclusione dell'invio di grandi messaggi tramite UDP risolver\u00e0 anche i problemi di scarto di grandi pacchetti su alcuni firewall, permettendo to block di attacco<\/a><\/noindex> per la manipolazione della cache DNS, che si basa sulla manipolazione di pacchetti UDP frammentati (quando viene suddiviso in frammenti, il secondo frammento non include l'intestazione con l'identificatore, quindi pu\u00f2 essere falsificato a condizione che la somma di controllo corrisponda).<\/p>\n

A partire da oggi, i provider DNS partecipanti all'iniziativa, inclusi CloudFlare, Quad 9, Cisco (OpenDNS) e Google, cambieranno gradualmente<\/a><\/noindex> la dimensione del buffer EDNS da 4096 a 1232 byte sui loro server DNS (la modifica di EDNS sar\u00e0 estesa su 4-6 settimane e colpir\u00e0 progressivamente un numero crescente di richieste). Le risposte alle richieste UDP che non rispettano il nuovo limite saranno inviate tramite TCP. I produttori di server DNS, inclusi BIND, Unbound, Knot, NSD e PowerDNS, rilasceranno aggiornamenti che modificheranno la dimensione del buffer EDNS predefinita da 4096 a 1232 byte. <\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0435, \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c, DNS-\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e UDP \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 1232 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e TCP. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 Google \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 EDNS \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432 — \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432 4096 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 UDP \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 0.345%, \u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e TCP — 0.115%. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432 1232 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 0.367% \u0438 0.116%. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 TCP \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 DNS \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 0.1% DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437 TCP \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n

Gli amministratori dei server DNS autorevoli devono assicurarsi che il loro server risponda via TCP sulla porta di rete 53 e che questa porta TCP non sia bloccata dal firewall. Un server DNS autorevole non dovrebbe anche inviare risposte UDP che superano
\n\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 EDNS. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 EDNS \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 1232 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442. \u041a \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f — \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e TCP, \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e TCP \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 UDP \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 EDNS \u0432 1232 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442.<\/p>\n

Le seguenti impostazioni riguardano la configurazione della dimensione del buffer EDNS nei vari server DNS:<\/p>\n

  • BIND\n

    options {
    \n edns-udp-size 1232;
    \n max-udp-size 1232;
    \n };<\/p>\n

  • Knot DNS\n

    max-udp-payload: 1232<\/p>\n

  • Knot Resolver\n

    net.bufsize(1232)<\/p>\n

  • PowerDNS Authoritative\n

    udp-truncation-threshold=1232<\/p>\n

  • PowerDNS Recursor\n

    edns-outgoing-bufsize=1232
    \n udp-truncation-threshold=1232<\/p>\n

  • Unbound\n

    edns-buffer-size: 1232<\/p>\n

  • NSD\n

    ipv4-edns-size: 1232
    \n ipv6-edns-size: 1232<\/p>\n

    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 DNS flag day 2020, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 IP-\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 «DNS flag day» \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 EDNS. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b DNS flag day 2020 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Iniziativa DNS flag day 2020 per affrontare problemi di frammentazione e supporto TCP | ProHoster","description":"Oggi, vari importanti servizi DNS e produttori di server DNS parteciperanno a un evento congiunto, il DNS flag day 2020, finalizzato a mettere in luce le problematiche relative alla frammentazione IP nella gestione dei messaggi DNS di grandi dimensioni. Questo \u00e8 il secondo evento di questo tipo; lo scorso anno il 'DNS flag day' si era concentrato sulla corretta gestione delle richieste EDNS. 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