{"id":99682,"date":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","slug":"rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","title":{"rendered":"Rust \u00e8 stato incluso tra i linguaggi principali per lo sviluppo della piattaforma Android","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Google ha annunciato l'inclusione del linguaggio di programmazione Rust tra i linguaggi consentiti per lo sviluppo della piattaforma Android. Il compilatore di Rust \u00e8 stato integrato nell'albero del codice sorgente di Android nel 2019, ma il supporto per questo linguaggio \u00e8 rimasto sperimentale. Tra i primi componenti basati su Rust previsti per Android ci sono le nuove implementazioni del meccanismo di interazione tra processi Binder e dello stack Bluetooth. <\/p>\n

L'implementazione di Rust \u00e8 stata effettuata nell'ambito di un progetto volto a rafforzare la sicurezza, promuovere pratiche di programmazione sicura e migliorare l'efficacia nell'individuazione di problemi relativi alla memoria in Android. Si segnala che circa il 70% di tutte le vulnerabilit\u00e0 critiche identificate in Android \u00e8 causato da errori nella gestione della memoria. L'utilizzo del linguaggio Rust, che si concentra su una gestione sicura della memoria e offre una gestione automatica della memoria, contribuir\u00e0 a ridurre il rischio di vulnerabilit\u00e0 causate da errori di gestione della memoria, come l'accesso a aree di memoria dopo la loro liberazione e il superamento dei limiti del buffer. <\/p>\n

La gestione sicura della memoria in Rust avviene durante la compilazione attraverso il controllo dei riferimenti, il tracciamento della propriet\u00e0 degli oggetti e la gestione del ciclo di vita degli oggetti (scope), nonch\u00e9 mediante la valutazione della correttezza dell'accesso alla memoria durante l'esecuzione del codice. Rust offre anche strumenti per proteggere da overflow di interi, richiede l'inizializzazione obbligatoria delle variabili prima del loro utilizzo, gestisce meglio gli errori nella libreria standard, applica il concetto di immutabilit\u00e0 (immutable) per riferimenti e variabili per impostazione predefinita e offre una forte tipizzazione statica per minimizzare gli errori logici. <\/p>\n

In Android, la gestione sicura della memoria \u00e8 garantita nei linguaggi gi\u00e0 supportati Kotlin e Java, ma questi non sono adatti per lo sviluppo di componenti di sistema a causa dell'elevato overhead. Rust consente di ottenere prestazioni simili a quelle dei linguaggi C e C++, permettendo il suo utilizzo per lo sviluppo di parti a basso livello della piattaforma e di componenti per l'interazione con l'hardware. <\/p>\n

Per garantire la sicurezza del codice in C e C++ su Android, vengono utilizzate l'isolamento sandbox, l'analisi statica e i test di fuzzing. Le capacit\u00e0 di isolamento sandbox sono limitate e hanno raggiunto il loro potenziale massimo (ulteriore suddivisione in processi non \u00e8 praticabile dal punto di vista del consumo delle risorse). Tra i limiti dell'uso della sandbox si segnalano gli alti costi di overhead e l'aumento del consumo di memoria, causati dalla necessit\u00e0 di generare nuovi processi, oltre all'insorgenza di ritardi aggiuntivi legati all'uso dell'IPC. <\/p>\n

Tuttavia, la sandbox non elimina le vulnerabilit\u00e0 nel codice, ma riduce solo i rischi e complica l'esecuzione di attacchi, poich\u00e9 per sfruttare la vulnerabilit\u00e0 \u00e8 necessario identificare non una, ma diverse debolezze. I metodi basati sul test del codice sono limitati dal fatto che per rilevare errori \u00e8 necessario creare le condizioni per manifestare il problema. Coprire tutte le possibili varianti non \u00e8 possibile, quindi molti errori rimangono inosservati. <\/p>\n

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Android \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f «\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445», \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (C\/C++) \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0436\u0451\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 sandbox-\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439). \u0418\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. <\/p>\n

Google non ha l'obiettivo di riscrivere il codice C\/C++ esistente in Rust, ma prevede di utilizzare questo linguaggio per lo sviluppo di nuovo codice. Ha senso usare Rust per il nuovo codice, poich\u00e9 statisticamente la maggior parte degli errori si verifica nel codice nuovo o recentemente modificato. In particolare, circa il 50% degli errori rilevati nella gestione della memoria in Android si manifesta in codice scritto meno di un anno fa.

\"Rust<\/center>
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Il compilatore Rust \u00e8 stato incorporato nell'albero dei sorgenti di Android gi\u00e0 nel 2019, ma il supporto per questo linguaggio \u00e8 rimasto sperimentale. 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