{"id":99682,"date":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","slug":"rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","title":{"rendered":"Rust \u00e8 stato inserito tra i linguaggi principali per lo sviluppo della piattaforma Android","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

L'azienda Google ha annunciato l'inclusione del linguaggio di programmazione Rust tra i linguaggi consentiti per lo sviluppo della piattaforma Android. Il compilatore del linguaggio Rust \u00e8 stato integrato nell'albero dei sorgenti di Android gi\u00e0 nel 2019, ma il supporto per questo linguaggio \u00e8 rimasto sperimentale. Tra i primi componenti in Rust che si prevede di fornire in Android ci sono nuove implementazioni del meccanismo di interazione tra processi Binder e dello stack Bluetooth. <\/p>\n

L'adozione del Rust \u00e8 stata effettuata nell'ambito di un progetto per migliorare la sicurezza, promuovere pratiche di programmazione sicura e aumentare l'efficacia nella rilevazione di problematiche relative alla memoria in Android. Si segnala che circa il 70% di tutte le vulnerabilit\u00e0 critiche rilevate in Android \u00e8 causato da errori nella gestione della memoria. L'uso del linguaggio Rust, focalizzato sulla gestione sicura della memoria e con gestione automatica della memoria, contribuir\u00e0 a ridurre il rischio di esploitabilit\u00e0 dovuto a errori nella gestione della memoria, come l'accesso a memoria dopo che \u00e8 stata liberata e il superamento dei limiti del buffer. <\/p>\n

La gestione sicura della memoria in Rust \u00e8 garantita durante la compilazione tramite il controllo dei riferimenti, il monitoraggio della propriet\u00e0 degli oggetti e il tracciamento del ciclo di vita degli oggetti (scoping), nonch\u00e9 mediante la valutazione della correttezza dell'accesso alla memoria durante l'esecuzione del codice. Rust fornisce anche strumenti contro il sovraccarico dei numeri interi, richiede l'inizializzazione obbligatoria dei valori delle variabili prima dell'uso, gestisce meglio gli errori nella libreria standard, applica il concetto di immutabilit\u00e0 (immutable) per riferimenti e variabili per impostazione predefinita e offre una forte tipizzazione statica per ridurre gli errori logici. <\/p>\n

In Android, la gestione sicura della memoria \u00e8 garantita nei linguaggi gi\u00e0 supportati Kotlin e Java, ma non sono adatti per lo sviluppo di componenti di sistema a causa dell'alto sovraccarico. Rust consente di ottenere prestazioni vicine ai linguaggi C e C++, il che lo rende adatto per lo sviluppo di parti a basso livello della piattaforma e componenti per l'interazione con l'hardware. <\/p>\n

Per garantire la sicurezza del codice in C e C++ su Android, vengono utilizzate l'isolamento in sandbox, l'analisi statica e il fuzzing. Le capacit\u00e0 di isolamento della sandbox sono limitate e hanno raggiunto il loro limite (ulteriori frazionamenti in processi non sono efficaci dal punto di vista delle risorse). Tra i limiti dell'uso della sandbox si segnalano l'elevato overhead e l'aumento del consumo di memoria, causati dalla necessit\u00e0 di generare nuovi processi, cos\u00ec come il verificarsi di ulteriori ritardi dovuti all'uso dell'IPC. <\/p>\n

Tuttavia, la sandbox non elimina le vulnerabilit\u00e0 nel codice, ma riduce solo i rischi e complica la conduzione di un attacco, poich\u00e9 per l'exploitation \u00e8 necessario identificare non una, ma pi\u00f9 vulnerabilit\u00e0. I metodi basati su test del codice sono limitati dal fatto che per identificare errori \u00e8 necessario creare condizioni che facciano emergere il problema. Coprire tutte le possibili varianti non \u00e8 realizzabile, quindi molti errori rimangono inosservati. <\/p>\n

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Android \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f «\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445», \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (C\/C++) \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0436\u0451\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 sandbox-\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439). \u0418\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. <\/p>\n

Google non ha come obiettivo la riscrittura del codice C\/C++ esistente in Rust, ma intende utilizzare questo linguaggio per sviluppare nuovo codice. Usare Rust per il nuovo codice ha senso, poich\u00e9 statisticamente la maggior parte degli errori emerge in codice nuovo o recentemente modificato. In particolare, circa il 50% degli errori di gestione della memoria in Android viene identificato in codice scritto meno di un anno fa.

\"Rust<\/center>
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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