ืืฉ ืืจืื ืืืจืืืื ืืืฆื ืืืชืงืื ืืืจืืคืจืก, ืืืคืืฉ ืืืืื ืฉื "ืืชืงื ืช ืืืจืืคืจืก" ืืืื ืืืฆื ืืืืืื ืชืืฆืืืช. ืขื ืืืช, ืืืขืฉื, ืืฉ ืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืืื ืืืจืืืื ืืืืื, ืืคืืื ื ืืชื ืืืชืงืื ืืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืจืืคืจืก ืืืช ืืขืจืืช ืืืคืขืื ืืืกืืกืืช ืื ืฉืืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืชืืื ืืืืจื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืืืจืืช ืื ืืื ืืช ืชืืืืืช ืืืื ืืฆืจืืื ืกืคืฆืืคืืื, ืื ืฉืื ื ืืืข ืืืขืืืื ืฉืืกืืจ ืืคืืจื ืืงืฉื ืขื ืืงืจืืื ืฉื ืืืืืจ.
ืืืืืจ ืื, ื ื ืกื ืืฉืื ืืช ืืืื ืืฉื ื ืืขืืืืืช ืขื ืืื ืืกืคืงืช ืกืงืจืืคื bash ืืืชืงื ื ืืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืจืืคืจืก ืขื ืืืืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืขืืืจ ืขืืื, ืืืกืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืง ืขืืฉื, ืืื ืื ืืช ืืคืฉืจืืช ืฉืขืฉืื ื ืืคืืชืืื . ืื ืืชื ืืฉืชืืฉ ืืชืงืื, ืืชื ืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืงืกื ืืืืืจ ืืคืฉืื
ืืืจืืืืงืืืจื ืฉืคืืชืื ืืคืจืืกืช ืืืจืืคืจืก ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืืืช NGINX ืืชืืืจืช ื
- ืืืจืืคืจืก CLI
- ืืืื ืืืฆืคืื ืืืฉืืจื TLSSSL
- ืืืืืฉ ืืืืืืื ืฉื ืชืขืืืืช
- ืืืืื NGINX
- ืืืืกื ืฉื NGINX
- ืชืืืื ื-HTTPS ื-HTTP/2
- ืืืืืืฆืื ืฉื ืชืืืืืื
ืืืืืจ ืืชืืจ ืืชืงื ื ืืฉืจืช ืืื, ืฉืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืช ืฉืจืช ืขืืืื ืกืืื, ืฉืจืช ืขืืืื PHP ืืืกื ื ืชืื ืื. ืืชืงื ื ืขื ืชืืืื ืืืกืคืจ ืืืจืืื ืืฉืืจืืชืื ืืืจืืืืืืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืคืืื ืฆืืืื ืืขืชืื. ืื ืืชื ืจืืฆื ืฉื ืืชืื ืขื ืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืคืืข ืืืืืจืื ืืืื, ืืชืื ืืชืืืืืช.
ืืจืืฉืืช
- ืืืื ืฉืจืช (
LXC ืืLxd ), ืืืื ื ืืืจืืืืืืช, ืื ืฉืจืช ืืืืจื ืจืืื, ืขื ืืคืืืช 512MB ืฉื ืืืืจืื RAM ื-Ubuntu 18.04 ืื ืืืชืจ ืืืชืงื. - ืืฆืืืืช 80 ื-443 ื ืืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืจื ื
- ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืชืืืช ื-IP ืืฆืืืืจืืช ืฉื ืฉืจืช ืื
- ืืืฉื ืขื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืจืฉ (sudo).
ืกืงืืจื ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืจืืืืืช
ืืืจืืืืงืืืจื ืืื ืืชืืืืจ
ืขืงืจืื ืืช ืืืืืื
- ืคืงืืืืช ืชืฆืืจื ืจืืืช ืืกืงืจืืคื ืขืืืคืื ืืชื ืืื ืืืืืคืืื ืืืืช: ื ืืชื ืืืจืืฅ ืืช ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืกืคืจ ืคืขืืื ืืื ืกืืืื ืฉื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืฉืืืจ ืงืืืืืช.
- ืืกืงืจืืคื ืื ืกื ืืืชืงืื ืชืืื ื ืืืืืจืื, ืื ืฉืชืืื ืืืืื ืขืืืื ื ืืขืจืืช ืืคืงืืื ืืืช (
apt upgrade
ืขืืืจ ืืืืื ืื). - ืฆืืืชืื ืื ืกืื ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืคืืขืืื ืืงืื ืืืื ืจ ืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืฉื ืืช ืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืืืชืื.
- ืขื ืื ืช ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืกืคืจ ืชืืืืื ืืฉืจืฉืืจ ืืืชืืื ืืืืืจืืช, ืืกืงืจืืคื ืื ืกื ืื ืืฉ ืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืืืืืืืืืืช ืืขืืืื ืืงืื ืืืื ืจืื, ืืืื ืืช ืืืจืืืืืืืช ืืฉืจืชื ืืืืจื.
- ืืืฉืจ ืื ื ืืชืืจืื ืืืืจืืช, ืื ื ืชืืื ืืืฉืืื ืงืืื ืื ืขื ืืืืืืฆืื, ืฉืื ื ืืงืืืื ืฉืชืืคืื ืืืกืืก ืืืฆืืจืช ืชืฉืชืืช ืืฉืื ืืงืื.
- ืื ืืคืงืืืืช ืืืคืขืืืช ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืฉืืจืฉ, ืื ืื ืืฉื ืื ืืช ืืืืจืืช ืืืขืจืืช ืืืกืืกืืืช, ืืื ืืฉืืจืืช ืืืจืืคืจืก ืคืืขืืช ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืจืืื.
ืืืืจืช ืืฉืชื ื ืกืืืื
ืืืืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื ื ืืกืืืื ืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืคืขืืช ืืกืงืจืืคื:
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
- ืกืืกืืช ืืกื ืื ืชืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจืืคืจืกWORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER
- ืฉื ืืฉืชืืฉ ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืจืืคืจืกWORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD
- ืกืืกืืช ืื ืื ืืืจืืคืจืกWORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL
- ืืื"ื ืื ืืืื ืืืจืืคืจืกWORDPRESS_URL
ืืื ืืชืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืฉื ืืชืจ ืืืจืืคืจืก, ืืื ื-https://
.LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING
โ ืจืืง ืืืจืืจืช ืืืื, ืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืขืจื ื-1, ืชืฉืชืืฉ ืืฉืจืชื ื-Staging ืฉื Let's Encrypt, ืื ืืืฆืื ืืื ืืืงืฉ ืชืขืืืืช ืชืืืคืืช ืืขืช ืืืืงืช ืืืืืจืืช ืฉืื, ืืืจืช Let's Encrypt ืขืฉืืื ืืืกืื ืืื ืืช ืืช ืืชืืืช ื-IP ืฉืื ืืืื ืืกืคืจ ืืืงืฉืืช ืืืืื.
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืืง ืฉืืืฉืชื ืื ืืงืฉืืจืื ืืืืจืืคืจืก ืืืืืจืื ืืืืฆื ืื ืื.
ืฉืืจืืช ืกืงืจืืคื 572-576 ืืืืงืืช ืืช ืืขืจื LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING
.
ืืืืจืช ืืฉืชื ื ืกืืืื ื ืืืจืื
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืฉืืจืืช 55-61 ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื ื ืืกืืืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืขืจื ืืงืืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืขืจื ืืืชืงืื ืืืืฉืชื ืื ืฉืืืืืจื ืืกืขืืฃ ืืงืืื:
DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive"
- ืืืืจ ืืืคืืืงืฆืืืช ืฉืื ืคืืขืืืช ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืฉืืื ืืคืฉืจืืช ืืืื ืืจืืงืฆืื ืขื ืืืฉืชืืฉ.WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION="2.4.0"
ืืื ืืืจืกื ืฉื ืืคืืืงืฆืืืช ืืืจืืคืจืก CLI.WORDPRESS_CLI_MD5= "dedd5a662b80cda66e9e25d44c23b25c"
โ ืกืืื ืืืืงื ืฉื ืงืืืฅ ืืืคืขืื ืฉื WordPress CLI 2.4.0 (ืืืจืกื ืืฆืืื ืช ืืืฉืชื ืWORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION
). ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืฉืืจื 162 ืืฉืชืืฉ ืืขืจื ืื ืืื ืืืืืง ืฉืืืจืื ืืงืืืฅ ืื ืืื ืฉื WordPress CLI.UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE="16M"
- ืืืื ืืงืืืฅ ืืืจืื ืฉื ืืชื ืืืขืืืช ืืืืจืืคืจืก. ืืืืจื ืื ืืฉืืฉืช ืืืกืคืจ ืืงืืืืช, ืื ืฉืงื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืืจ ืืืชื ืืืงืื ืืื.TLS_HOSTNAME= "$(echo ${WORDPRESS_URL} | cut -d'/' -f3)"
โ ืฉื ืืืจื ืืขืจืืช, ืืืืฅ ืืืืฉืชื ื WORDPRESS_URL. ืืฉืืฉ ืืืฉืืช ืชืขืืืืช TLS/SSL ืืชืืืืืช ื-Let's Encrypt, ืืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืจืืคืจืก ืคื ืืื.NGINX_CONF_DIR="/etc/nginx"
- ื ืชืื ืืกืคืจืืื ืขื ืืืืจืืช NGINX, ืืืื ืืงืืืฅ ืืจืืฉืnginx.conf
.CERT_DIR="/etc/letsencrypt/live/${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
โ ื ืชืื ืืืืฉืืจื Let's Encrypt ืขืืืจ ืืชืจ ืืืจืืคืจืก, ืืืชืงืื ืืืืฉืชื ืTLS_HOSTNAME
.
ืืงืฆืืช ืฉื ืืืจื ืืฉืจืช ืืืจืืคืจืก
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืืืจ ืืช ืฉื ืืืืจื ืฉื ืืฉืจืช ืื ืฉืืขืจื ืืชืืื ืืฉื ืืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืชืจ. ืื ืื ืืืจืื, ืืื ืื ืืืชืจ ื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืืฆื ืืจื SMTP ืืขืช ืืืืจืช ืฉืจืช ืืืื, ืืคื ืฉืืืืืจ ืขื ืืื ืืกืงืจืืคื.
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
# Change the hostname to be the same as the WordPress hostname
if [ ! "$(hostname)" == "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" ]; then
echo " Changing hostname to ${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
hostnamectl set-hostname "${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
fi
ืืืกืคืช ืฉื ืืืจื ื-/etc/hosts
ืชืืกืคืช
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
# Add the hostname to /etc/hosts
if [ "$(grep -m1 "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" /etc/hosts)" = "" ]; then
echo " Adding hostname ${TLS_HOSTNAME} to /etc/hosts so that WordPress can ping itself"
printf "::1 %sn127.0.0.1 %sn" "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" >> /etc/hosts
fi
ืืชืงื ืช ืืืืื ืืืจืืฉืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืื
ืฉืืจ ืืชืกืจืื ืฆืจืื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืช ืืื ืื ืฉืืืืืจืื ืืขืืืื ืื. ืื ื ืืขืืื ืื ืืช ืจืฉืืืช ืืืืืจืื, ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ื ืืชืงืื ืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืืจืืฉืื:
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
# Make sure tools needed for install are present
echo " Installing prerequisite tools"
apt-get -qq update
apt-get -qq install -y
bc
ca-certificates
coreutils
curl
gnupg2
lsb-release
ืืืกืคืช ืืืืืช NGINX ืืืืืจื NGINX
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืชืงืื ืืช NGINX Unit ื-NGINX ืืงืื ืคืชืื ืืืืืจื NGINX ืืจืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืจืกืืืช ืขื ืชืืงืื ื ืืืืืื ืืชืืงืื ื ืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืชืจ ื ืืฆืืืช ืืฉืืืืฉ.
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืกืืฃ ืืช ืืืืจ NGINX Unit ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืช ืืืืจ NGINX, ืืืกืืฃ ืืช ืืคืชื ืืืืืจืื ืืงืืืฆื ืืชืฆืืจื apt
, ืืืืจืช ืืืฉื ืืืืืจืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืจื ื.
ืืืชืงื ื ืืคืืขื ืฉื NGINX Unit ื-NGINX ืืชืจืืฉืช ืืกืขืืฃ ืืื. ืื ื ืืืกืืคืื ืืจืืฉ ืืช ืืืืืจืื ืืื ืฉืื ื ืฆืืจื ืืขืืื ืืช ืืืื ื ืชืื ืื ืืกืคืจ ืคืขืืื, ืื ืฉืืืคื ืืช ืืืชืงื ื ืืืืืจื ืืืชืจ.
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
# Install the NGINX Unit repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list ]; then
echo " Installing NGINX Unit repository"
curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) unit" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list
fi
# Install the NGINX repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list ]; then
echo " Installing NGINX repository"
curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) nginx" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
fi
ืืชืงื ืช NGINX, NGINX Unit, PHP MariaDB, Certbot (ืืืื ื ืฆืคืื) ืืืชืืืช ืฉืืื
ืืืืจ ืืืกืคืช ืื ืืืืืจืื, ืขืืื ืืช ืืืื ื ืชืื ืื ืืืชืงื ืืช ืืืืฉืืืื. ืืืืืืืช ืืืืชืงื ืืช ืขื ืืื ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืช ืืจืืืืช PHP ืืืืืืฆืืช ืืขืช ืืคืขืืช WordPress.org
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
echo " Updating repository metadata"
apt-get -qq update
# Install PHP with dependencies and NGINX Unit
echo " Installing PHP, NGINX Unit, NGINX, Certbot, and MariaDB"
apt-get -qq install -y --no-install-recommends
certbot
python3-certbot-nginx
php-cli
php-common
php-bcmath
php-curl
php-gd
php-imagick
php-mbstring
php-mysql
php-opcache
php-xml
php-zip
ghostscript
nginx
unit
unit-php
mariadb-server
ืืืืจืช PHP ืืฉืืืืฉ ืขื ืืืืืช NGINX ื-WordPress
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืฆืจ ืงืืืฅ ืืืืจืืช ืืกืคืจืืื conf.d. ืื ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืื ืืขืืืช ืืงืืฆืื ืืืงืกืืืื ืขืืืจ PHP, ืืืคืฉืจ ืคืื ืฉื ืฉืืืืืช PHP ื-STDERR ืื ืฉืื ืืืจืฉืื ืืืืืืช NGINX, ืืืคืขืื ืืืืฉ ืืช ืืืืืช NGINX.
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
# Find the major and minor PHP version so that we can write to its conf.d directory
PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION="$(php -v | head -n1 | cut -d' ' -f2 | cut -d'.' -f1,2)"
if [ ! -f "/etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/conf.d/30-wordpress-overrides.ini" ]; then
echo " Configuring PHP for use with NGINX Unit and WordPress"
# Add PHP configuration overrides
cat > "/etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/conf.d/30-wordpress-overrides.ini" << EOM
; Set a larger maximum upload size so that WordPress can handle
; bigger media files.
upload_max_filesize=${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE}
post_max_size=${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE}
; Write error log to STDERR so that error messages show up in the NGINX Unit log
error_log=/dev/stderr
EOM
fi
# Restart NGINX Unit because we have reconfigured PHP
echo " Restarting NGINX Unit"
service unit restart
ืฆืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืกื ืื ืชืื ืื ืฉื MariaDB ืขืืืจ WordPress
ืืืจื ื ื-MariaDB ืขื ืคื ื MySQL ืืืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืชืจ ืคืขืืืืช ืงืืืืชืืช ืืกืืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืื
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืฆืจ ืืกื ื ืชืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืืฆืจ ืืืฉืืจื ืืืฉื ื-WordPress ืืจื ืืืฉืง ื-loopback:
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
# Set up the WordPress database
echo " Configuring MariaDB for WordPress"
mysqladmin create wordpress || echo "Ignoring above error because database may already exist"
mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO "wordpress"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY "$WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD"; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
ืืชืงื ืช ืชืืื ืืช ืืืจืืคืจืก CLI
ืืฉืื ืื ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืชืงืื ืืช ืืชืืื ืืช
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
if [ ! -f /usr/local/bin/wp ]; then
# Install the WordPress CLI
echo " Installing the WordPress CLI tool"
curl --retry 6 -Ls "https://github.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/releases/download/v${WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION}/wp-cli-${WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION}.phar" > /usr/local/bin/wp
echo "$WORDPRESS_CLI_MD5 /usr/local/bin/wp" | md5sum -c -
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/wp
fi
ืืชืงื ื ืืืืืจื ืฉื ืืืจืืคืจืก
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืชืงืื ืืช ืืืจืกื ืืืืจืื ื ืฉื ืืืจืืคืจืก ืืกืคืจืืื /var/www/wordpress
ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืช ืืืืืจืืช:
- ืืืืืจ ืืกื ืื ืชืื ืื ืขืืื ืขื ืฉืงืข ืชืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืงืก ืืืงืื TCP ื-loopback ืืื ืืฆืืฆื ืืช ืชืขืืืจืช TCP.
- ืืืจืืคืจืก ืืืกืืคื ืงืืืืืช https:// ืืืชืืืช ื-URL ืื ืืงืืืืช ืืชืืืจืื ื-NGINX ืืจื HTTPS, ืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืจืืืง (ืืคื ืฉืกืืคืง ืขื ืืื NGINX) ื-PHP. ืื ื ืืฉืชืืฉืื ืืงืืข ืงืื ืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืช.
- ืืืจืืคืจืก ืืงืืงื ื-HTTPS ืืื ืืืชืืืจ
- ืืื ื ืืชืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืืืืจ ืืืจืืจืช ืืืื ืืืืกืก ืขื ืืฉืืืื
- ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืจืฉืืืช ืื ืืื ืืช ืืืขืจืืช ืืงืืฆืื ืขืืืจ ืกืคืจืืืช ืืืจืืคืจืก.
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
if [ ! -d /var/www/wordpress ]; then
# Create WordPress directories
mkdir -p /var/www/wordpress
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
# Download WordPress using the WordPress CLI
echo " Installing WordPress"
su -s /bin/sh -c 'wp --path=/var/www/wordpress core download' www-data
WP_CONFIG_CREATE_CMD="wp --path=/var/www/wordpress config create --extra-php --dbname=wordpress --dbuser=wordpress --dbhost="localhost:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock" --dbpass="${WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD}""
# This snippet is injected into the wp-config.php file when it is created;
# it informs WordPress that we are behind a reverse proxy and as such
# allows it to generate links using HTTPS
cat > /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php << 'EOM'
/* Turn HTTPS 'on' if HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO matches 'https' */
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'], 'https') !== false) {
$_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on';
}
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'])) {
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'];
}
EOM
# Create WordPress configuration
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "cat /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php | ${WP_CONFIG_CREATE_CMD}" www-data
rm /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "wp --path=/var/www/wordpress config set 'FORCE_SSL_ADMIN' 'true'" www-data
# Install WordPress
WP_SITE_INSTALL_CMD="wp --path=/var/www/wordpress core install --url="${WORDPRESS_URL}" --title="${WORDPRESS_SITE_TITLE}" --admin_user="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER}" --admin_password="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD}" --admin_email="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}" --skip-email"
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "${WP_SITE_INSTALL_CMD}" www-data
# Set permalink structure to a sensible default that isn't in the UI
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "wp --path=/var/www/wordpress option update permalink_structure '/%year%/%monthnum%/%postname%/'" www-data
# Remove sample file because it is cruft and could be a security problem
rm /var/www/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php
# Ensure that WordPress permissions are correct
find /var/www/wordpress -type d -exec chmod g+s {} ;
chmod g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content
chmod -R g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes
chmod -R g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/plugins
fi
ืืืืจืช ืืืืืช NGINX
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืืช NGINX ืืืจืืฅ PHP ืืืขืื ื ืชืืื ืืืจืืคืจืก, ืืืืื ืืช ืืจืื ืืฉืืืช ืฉื ืชืืืื PHP ืืืืคืืืืืืฆืื ืฉื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืฆืืขืื. ืืฉื ื ืฉืืืฉ ืชืืื ืืช ืฉืืืื ืืืงืคืื ืขืืืื ืืื:
- ืืชืืืื ืืืจืืื ืฉืืืช ื ืงืืขืช ืืคื ืชื ืื, ืขื ืกืื ืืืืงื ืฉืืกืงืจืืคื ืคืืขื ืืืืื. ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืฉืจืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืืื ืืื ื ืชืืืืืช ืืืฉืงื ืืงืื ื ืช ืฉื ืงืื ืืืื ืจืื.
- ืื ืืฉ ืชืืืื ืืืจืืื ืฉืืืช, ืืฉืืช ืืช ืืจืื ืืฉืืืช ืจืฉืช. ืืืช ืืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืืืืจืืคืจืก ืืืชืืืจ ืืฉืชื ื ืงืืืืช ืืงืฆื ืืืืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืจื ื ืื ืืื ืืช.
- ืืืกืคืจ ืืืจืื ืฉื ืชืืืืืื ื ืงืืข ืืืืคื ืืื: (ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืคืขืืช MariaDB ื-NGINX Uniy)/(ืืืืืช RAM ื-PHP + 5)
ืขืจื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืจืืช ืืืืืช NGINX.
ืืขืจื ืืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉืชืืื ืคืืขืืื ืืคืืืช ืฉื ื ืชืืืืื PHP, ืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืจืืคืจืก ืขืืฉื ืืจืื ืืงืฉืืช ืืกืื ืืจืื ืืืช ืืขืฆืื, ืืืื ืชืืืืืื ื ืืกืคืื ืฉืจืฆืื, ืืืฉื, WP-Cron ืืืฉืืจ. ืืืชืื ืฉืชืจืฆื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืงืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืขื ืกืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืืงืืืืืช ืฉืื, ืืืืืื ืฉืืืืืจืืช ืฉื ืืฆืจื ืืื ืื ืฉืืจื ืืืช. ืืจืื ืืขืจืืืช ืืืืฆืืจ ืืืืืจืืช ืื ืืื 10 ื-100.
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
if [ "${container:-unknown}" != "lxc" ] && [ "$(grep -m1 -a container=lxc /proc/1/environ | tr -d '')" == "" ]; then
NAMESPACES='"namespaces": {
"cgroup": true,
"credential": true,
"mount": true,
"network": false,
"pid": true,
"uname": true
}'
else
NAMESPACES='"namespaces": {}'
fi
PHP_MEM_LIMIT="$(grep 'memory_limit' /etc/php/7.4/embed/php.ini | tr -d ' ' | cut -f2 -d= | numfmt --from=iec)"
AVAIL_MEM="$(grep MemAvailable /proc/meminfo | tr -d ' kB' | cut -f2 -d: | numfmt --from-unit=K)"
MAX_PHP_PROCESSES="$(echo "${AVAIL_MEM}/${PHP_MEM_LIMIT}+5" | bc)"
echo " Calculated the maximum number of PHP processes as ${MAX_PHP_PROCESSES}. You may want to tune this value due to variations in your configuration. It is not unusual to see values between 10-100 in production configurations."
echo " Configuring NGINX Unit to use PHP and WordPress"
cat > /tmp/wordpress.json << EOM
{
"settings": {
"http": {
"header_read_timeout": 30,
"body_read_timeout": 30,
"send_timeout": 30,
"idle_timeout": 180,
"max_body_size": $(numfmt --from=iec ${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE})
}
},
"listeners": {
"127.0.0.1:8080": {
"pass": "routes/wordpress"
}
},
"routes": {
"wordpress": [
{
"match": {
"uri": [
"*.php",
"*.php/*",
"/wp-admin/"
]
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/wordpress/direct"
}
},
{
"action": {
"share": "/var/www/wordpress",
"fallback": {
"pass": "applications/wordpress/index"
}
}
}
]
},
"applications": {
"wordpress": {
"type": "php",
"user": "www-data",
"group": "www-data",
"processes": {
"max": ${MAX_PHP_PROCESSES},
"spare": 1
},
"isolation": {
${NAMESPACES}
},
"targets": {
"direct": {
"root": "/var/www/wordpress/"
},
"index": {
"root": "/var/www/wordpress/",
"script": "index.php"
}
}
}
}
}
EOM
curl -X PUT --data-binary @/tmp/wordpress.json --unix-socket /run/control.unit.sock http://localhost/config
ืืืืจืช NGINX
ืืืืจืช ืืืืจืืช NGINX ืืกืืกืืืช
ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืฆืจ ืกืคืจืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืื NGINX ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืฆืจ ืืช ืงืืืฅ ืืชืฆืืจื ืืจืืฉื nginx.conf
. ืฉืืื ืื ืืืกืคืจ ืชืืืืื ืืืืคื ืืืืืืจืช ืืืื ืืงืืืฅ ืืืจืื ืืืขืืื. ืืฉื ื ืื ืฉืืจื ืืืืืืช ืืช ืงืืืฅ ืืืืจืืช ืืืืืกื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืกืขืืฃ ืืื, ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืืืจืืช ืืืืืื.
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
# Make directory for NGINX cache
mkdir -p /var/cache/nginx/proxy
echo " Configuring NGINX"
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/nginx.conf << EOM
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
client_max_body_size ${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE};
keepalive_timeout 65;
# gzip settings
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/gzip_compression.conf;
# Cache settings
proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/proxy
levels=1:2
keys_zone=wp_cache:10m
max_size=10g
inactive=60m
use_temp_path=off;
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/conf.d/*.conf;
}
EOM
ืืืืจืช ืืืืกืช NGINX
ืืืืกืช ืชืืื ืชืื ืืื ืชื ืืขื ืืคื ื ืฉืืืืชื ืืืงืืืืช ืืื ืืจื ืืฆืืื ืช ืืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืืฆืืขื ืืืชืจ, ืื ืจืง ืื ืืืืืกื ืืืืืจืช ืืืืื. ืืืง ืื ืฉื ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืืกืก ืขื ืืืืจืืช
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/gzip_compression.conf << 'EOM'
# Credit: https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-nginx/
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Compression |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_module.html
# Enable gzip compression.
# Default: off
gzip on;
# Compression level (1-9).
# 5 is a perfect compromise between size and CPU usage, offering about 75%
# reduction for most ASCII files (almost identical to level 9).
# Default: 1
gzip_comp_level 6;
# Don't compress anything that's already small and unlikely to shrink much if at
# all (the default is 20 bytes, which is bad as that usually leads to larger
# files after gzipping).
# Default: 20
gzip_min_length 256;
# Compress data even for clients that are connecting to us via proxies,
# identified by the "Via" header (required for CloudFront).
# Default: off
gzip_proxied any;
# Tell proxies to cache both the gzipped and regular version of a resource
# whenever the client's Accept-Encoding capabilities header varies;
# Avoids the issue where a non-gzip capable client (which is extremely rare
# today) would display gibberish if their proxy gave them the gzipped version.
# Default: off
gzip_vary on;
# Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types.
# `text/html` is always compressed by gzip module.
# Default: text/html
gzip_types
application/atom+xml
application/geo+json
application/javascript
application/x-javascript
application/json
application/ld+json
application/manifest+json
application/rdf+xml
application/rss+xml
application/vnd.ms-fontobject
application/wasm
application/x-web-app-manifest+json
application/xhtml+xml
application/xml
font/eot
font/otf
font/ttf
image/bmp
image/svg+xml
text/cache-manifest
text/calendar
text/css
text/javascript
text/markdown
text/plain
text/xml
text/vcard
text/vnd.rim.location.xloc
text/vtt
text/x-component
text/x-cross-domain-policy;
EOM
ืืืืจืช NGINX ืขืืืจ ืืืจืืคืจืก
ืืืืจ ืืื, ืืกืงืจืืคื ืืืฆืจ ืงืืืฅ ืชืฆืืจื ืขืืืจ ืืืจืืคืจืก default.conf ืืงืืืื conf.d. ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื:
- ืืคืขืืช ืชืขืืืืช TLS ืฉืืชืงืืื ื-Let's Encrypt ืืืืฆืขืืช Certbot (ืืืืจืช ืืชืฆืืจื ืชืืื ืืกืขืืฃ ืืื)
- ืืืืจืช ืืืืจืืช ืืืืื ืฉื TLS ืขื ืกืื ืืืืฆืืช ืฉื Let's Encrypt
- ืืคืฉืจ ืืืจืืจืช ืืืื ืืงืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉื ืฉืขื ืืืช
- ืืฉืืช ืืช ืจืืฉืื ืืืืฉื, ืืื ืื ืจืืฉืื ืฉืืืืืช ืื ืืงืืืฅ ืื ื ืืฆื, ืขืืืจ ืฉื ื ืงืืฆืื ืืืืงืฉืื ื ืคืืฆืื: favicon.ico ื-robots.txt
- ืืืืืช ืืืฉื ืืงืืฆืื ืืืกืชืจืื ืืืืืง ืืืงืืฆืื . Phpืืื ืืื ืืข ืืืฉื ืื ืืืงืืช ืื ืืชืืื ืื ืืืืื ืช
- ืืฉืืช ืืช ืจืืฉืื ืืืืฉื ืขืืืจ ืงืืฆื ืกืืื ืืืืคื
- ืืืืจืช ืืืชืจืช
ืืงืจืช ืืืฉื-ืืคืฉืจ-ืืงืืจ ืขืืืจ ืงืืฆื ืืืคื ืื - ืืืกืคืช ื ืืชืื ืขืืืจ index.php ืืกืืืื ืืืจืื.
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/conf.d/default.conf << EOM
upstream unit_php_upstream {
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
keepalive 32;
}
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
# ACME-challenge used by Certbot for Let's Encrypt
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
root /var/www/certbot;
}
location / {
return 301 https://${TLS_HOSTNAME}$request_uri;
}
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name ${TLS_HOSTNAME};
root /var/www/wordpress/;
# Let's Encrypt configuration
ssl_certificate ${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key ${CERT_DIR}/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate ${CERT_DIR}/chain.pem;
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
ssl_dhparam ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem;
# OCSP stapling
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
# Proxy caching
proxy_cache wp_cache;
proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
proxy_cache_revalidate on;
proxy_cache_background_update on;
proxy_cache_lock on;
proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd,
# .DS_Store (Mac)
# Keep logging the requests to parse later (or to pass to firewall utilities
# such as fail2ban)
location ~ /. {
deny all;
}
# Deny access to any files with a .php extension in the uploads directory;
# works in subdirectory installs and also in multi-site network.
# Keep logging the requests to parse later (or to pass to firewall utilities
# such as fail2ban).
location ~* /(?:uploads|files)/.*.php$ {
deny all;
}
# WordPress: deny access to wp-content, wp-includes PHP files
location ~* ^/(?:wp-content|wp-includes)/.*.php$ {
deny all;
}
# Deny public access to wp-config.php
location ~* wp-config.php {
deny all;
}
# Do not log access for static assets, media
location ~* .(?:css(.map)?|js(.map)?|jpe?g|png|gif|ico|cur|heic|webp|tiff?|mp3|m4a|aac|ogg|midi?|wav|mp4|mov|webm|mpe?g|avi|ogv|flv|wmv)$ {
access_log off;
}
location ~* .(?:svgz?|ttf|ttc|otf|eot|woff2?)$ {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*";
access_log off;
}
location / {
try_files $uri @index_php;
}
location @index_php {
proxy_socket_keepalive on;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://unit_php_upstream;
}
location ~* .php$ {
proxy_socket_keepalive on;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
try_files $uri =404;
proxy_pass http://unit_php_upstream;
}
}
EOM
ืืืืจืช Certbot ืืืืฉืืจืื ื-Let's Encrypt ืืืืืืฉ ืืืืืืื ืฉืืื
- ืขืืฆืจ ืืช NGINX
- ืืืจืื ืฉื ืืืืจืืช TLS ืืืืืฆืืช
- ืืคืขืื ืืช Certbot ืืื ืืงืื ืืืฉืืจืื ืืืชืจ
- ืืคืขืื ืืืืฉ ืืช NGINX ืืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืฉืืจืื
- ืืืืืจ ืืช Certbot ืืคืขืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืขื 3:24 ืืคื ืืช ืืืงืจ ืืื ืืืืืง ืื ืืฉ ืืืืืฉื ืืืฉืืจืื ืืืืืืช ืืฆืืจื, ืืืืจืื ืืืฉืืจืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืคืขืื ืืืืฉ ืืช NGINX.
ืงืื ืกืงืจืืคื
echo " Stopping NGINX in order to set up Let's Encrypt"
service nginx stop
mkdir -p /var/www/certbot
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/certbot
chmod g+s /var/www/certbot
if [ ! -f ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf ]; then
echo " Downloading recommended TLS parameters"
curl --retry 6 -Ls -z "Tue, 14 Apr 2020 16:36:07 GMT"
-o "${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf"
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot-nginx/certbot_nginx/_internal/tls_configs/options-ssl-nginx.conf"
|| echo "Couldn't download latest options-ssl-nginx.conf"
fi
if [ ! -f ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem ]; then
echo " Downloading recommended TLS DH parameters"
curl --retry 6 -Ls -z "Tue, 14 Apr 2020 16:49:18 GMT"
-o "${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem"
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot/certbot/ssl-dhparams.pem"
|| echo "Couldn't download latest ssl-dhparams.pem"
fi
# If tls_certs_init.sh hasn't been run before, remove the self-signed certs
if [ ! -d "/etc/letsencrypt/accounts" ]; then
echo " Removing self-signed certificates"
rm -rf "${CERT_DIR}"
fi
if [ "" = "${LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING:-}" ] || [ "0" = "${LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING}" ]; then
CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG=""
else
CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG="--staging"
fi
if [ ! -f "${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem" ]; then
echo " Generating certificates with Let's Encrypt"
certbot certonly --standalone
-m "${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}"
${CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG}
--agree-tos --force-renewal --non-interactive
-d "${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
fi
echo " Starting NGINX in order to use new configuration"
service nginx start
# Write crontab for periodic Let's Encrypt cert renewal
if [ "$(crontab -l | grep -m1 'certbot renew')" == "" ]; then
echo " Adding certbot to crontab for automatic Let's Encrypt renewal"
(crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "24 3 * * * certbot renew --nginx --post-hook 'service nginx reload'") | crontab -
fi
ืืชืืื ืืืฉืืช ื ืืกืคืช ืฉื ืืืชืจ ืฉืื
ืืืืจื ื ืืืขืื ืขื ืืืืคื ืฉืื ืืกืงืจืืคื ืฉืื ื ืืืืืจ ืืช NGINX ื-NGINX Unit ืืฉืจืช ืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืขื TLSSSL ืืืคืขื. ืชืืื ืื, ืืืชืื ืืฆืจืืื ืฉืื, ืืืืกืืฃ ืืขืชืื:
- ืชืืืื
ืืจืืืื , ืืืืกื ืืฉืืคืจืช ืชืื ืืื ืชื ืืขื ืืืืฆืขืืช HTTPS ืืกืจื ืืืชืงื ื ัืืืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืจืืคืจืก ืืื ืืื ืืข ืืชืงืคืืช ืืืืืืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืฉืืืืืืืช ืืืืจืืคืจืก ืฉืืชืืื ืืืึฒืึธื ึธื ืืืืฆืขืืชAppArmor (ืืืืื ืื)- Postfix ืื msmtp ืืื ืฉ-WordPress ืชืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืจ
- ืืืืง ืืช ืืืชืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืชื ืืขื ืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืืื
ืืืืฆืืขื ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืขืื ืืืชืจ, ืื ื ืืืืืฆืื ืืฉืืจื ื
ื .ื. ืืชืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืขืื ืืืื, ืืชื ืืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืืืืืืื
ืกืืืช'ืืจืืื ' . ืื ื ื ืืืื ืชืคืขืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืชืจ ืื ืืฉืืจืืช ืฉืื ืืื ืขืืืก.
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com