ProHoster > ื‘ืœื•ื’ > ืžื™ื ื”ืœ > ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)

ืžื˜ืจืช ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจืงื VXLAN BGP EVPN ื•-DFA ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉืžื™, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช DHCP ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2012 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจืงื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›-SuperScope ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžืื’ืจ Loopback (ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืื’ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ ื”ื›ืœืœืช ื›ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”-IP ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื’ืจ ืžื”ืžืื’ืจ (ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช IP ืœื ื ื›ืœืœืช = ืžืื’ืจ)) ื•ืžืื’ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืคืงืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IP ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช (ื”ื ื” ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช - ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช - ืฉื‘ื” ืžืกื ืŸ ืžื–ื”ื” ืžืขื’ืœ ืžืžืกืจ DHCP ื•ืžื–ื”ื” ืžืขื’ืœ ืžืžืกืจ DHCP ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”-VNI ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืื’ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืžืกืจ DHCP ื–ื” ืžื–ื”ื” ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช). 

To configure DHCP on Windows server. 

1. Create a super scope. Within the super scope, create scope B, S1, S2, S3, โ€ฆ, Sn for the subnet B and the subnets for each segment. 
2. In scope B,  specify the 'Exclusion Range' to be the entire address range (so that the offered address range must not be from this scope). 
3. For every segment scope Si, specify a policy that matches on Agent Circuit ID with value of '0108000600XXXXXX', where '0108000600' is a fixed value for all segments, the 6 numbers "XXXXXX" is the segment ID value in hexadecimal. Also ensure to check the Append wildcard(*) check box. 
4. Set the policy address range to the entire range of the scope.

ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:


ืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžื‘ื•ื

ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ืžืคืจื˜ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื: ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืฉืช, RFCs ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื ื•ืช DHCP ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ eVPN, ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืจืช DHCP ื‘-Microsoft Windows Server 2012 ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ Cisco ืžืกื•ืคืงื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืงืฆืจ ืขืœ Superscope ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช DHCP ื‘ืฉืจืชื™ Microsoft Windows.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ DHCP Relay ืขืœ ืžืจืงื VXLAN BGP EVPN, DFA

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืžืกืจ DHCP ื‘ืžืืจื’ VXLAN BGP EVPN ืื™ื ื• ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜. ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืง ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ืกืคื•ื™ืœืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืฉืช.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืžืกืจ DHCP ื‘-Nexus 9000V v9.2(3)

service dhcp
ip dhcp relay
ip dhcp relay information option
ip dhcp relay information option vpn
interface loopback10
  vrf member VRF1
  ip address 10.120.0.1/32 tag 1234567
interface Vlan12
  no shutdown
  vrf member VRF1
  no ip redirects
  ip address 10.120.251.1/24 tag 1234567
  no ipv6 redirects
  fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway
  ip dhcp relay address 10.0.0.5
  ip dhcp relay source-interface loopback10

RFCs ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”-DHCP Relay ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ VXLAN BGP EVPN

RFC#6607: ืชืช-ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 151(0x97) - ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช

โ€ข	Sub-option 151(0x97) - Virtual Subnet Selection (Defined in RFC#6607)
Used to convey VRF related information to the DHCP server in an MPLS-VPN and VXLAN EVPN multi-tenant environment.

"ืฉื" ื”-VRF ื‘ื• ื ืžืฆื ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ.

RFC#5107: ืชืช-ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 11(0xb) - ืขืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื”ื” ืฉืจืช

โ€ข	Sub-option 11(0xb) - Server ID Override (Defined in RFC#5107.) 
The server identifier (server ID) override sub-option allows the DHCP relay agent to specify a new value for the server ID option, which is inserted by the DHCP server in the reply packet. This sub-option allows the DHCP relay agent to act as the actual DHCP server such that the renew requests will come to the relay agent rather than the DHCP server directly. The server ID override sub-option contains the incoming interface IP address, which is the IP address on the relay agent that is accessible from the client. Using this information, the DHCP client sends all renew and release request packets to the relay agent. The relay agent adds all of the appropriate sub-options and then forwards the renew and release request packets to the original DHCP server. For this function, Ciscoโ€™s proprietary implementation is sub-option 152(0x98). You can use the ip dhcp relay sub-option type cisco command to manage the function.

ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉื•ืœื— ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”-IP ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื•. (ื‘-Cisco VXLAN BGP, EVPN ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”-Anycast ืฉืœ ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.)

RFC#3527: ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” 5(0x5) - ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ

Sub-option 5(0x5) - Link Selection (Defined in RFC#3527.) 

The link selection sub-option provides a mechanism to separate the subnet/link on which the DHCP client resides from the gateway address (giaddr), which can be used to communicate with the relay agent by the DHCP server. The relay agent will set the sub-option to the correct subscriber subnet and the DHCP server will use that value to assign an IP address rather than the giaddr value. The relay agent will set the giaddr to its own IP address so that DHCP messages are able to be forwarded over the network. For this function, Ciscoโ€™s proprietary implementation is sub-option 150(0x96). You can use the ip dhcp relay sub-option type ciscocommand to manage the function.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืžืžื ื” ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช IP.

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ Cisco ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช DHCP ื‘-Microsoft Windows Server 2012

ื›ืœืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื’ืžื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืกืคืง:

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Nexus 9000 VXLAN 7.3

ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืจืื” ืจืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ DHCP Relay ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืฉืช.

ืžืืžืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช DHCP ื‘-Windows Server 2012:

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช Microsoft Windows Server 2012 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ eVPN (VXLAN, Cisco One Fabric ื•ื›ื•')

ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืจืฉืช/VNI ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช SuperScope ืžืฉืœื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช Loopback:

If multiple DHCP Scopes are required for multiple subnets, you need to create one LoopbackX per subnet/vlan on all LEAFS and create a superscope with a loopbackX range scope and actual client IP subnet scope per vlan.

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Nexus 9000 VXLAN 9.3

ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช Windows 2012 Server ืœืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืฉืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื ื“ืจืฉ SuperScope ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•-SuperScope ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื:

Create Superscope for all scopes you want to use for Option 82-based policies.
Note
The Superscope should combine all scopes and act as the administrative boundary.

Cisco Dynamic Fabric Automation

ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ืช:

Let us assume the switch is using the address from subnet B (it can be the backbone subnet, management subnet, or any customer designated subnet for this purpose) to communicate with the Windows DHCP server. In DFA we have subnets S1, S2, S3, โ€ฆ, Sn for segment s1, s2, s3, โ€ฆ, sn. 

To configure DHCP on Windows server. 

1. Create a super scope. Within the super scope, create scope B, S1, S2, S3, โ€ฆ, Sn for the subnet B and the subnets for each segment. 
2. In scope B,  specify the 'Exclusion Range' to be the entire address range (so that the offered address range must not be from this scope). 
3. For every segment scope Si, specify a policy that matches on Agent Circuit ID with value of '0108000600XXXXXX', where '0108000600' is a fixed value for all segments, the 6 numbers "XXXXXX" is the segment ID value in hexadecimal. Also ensure to check the Append wildcard(*) check box. 
4. Set the policy address range to the entire range of the scope.

DHCP ื‘ืฉืจืช Microsoft Windows (ืกื•ืคืจืกืงื•ืค ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช)

SuperScope

Superscope is an administrative feature of a DHCP server that can be used to group multiple scopes as a single administrative entity. Superscope allows a DHCP server to provide leases from more than one scope to clients on a single physical network. Scopes added to a superscope are called member scopes.

ืžื” ื–ื” SuperScope - ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IP ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช. ืœืคืจืกื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืฉืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช (ื‘ืื•ืชื” VLAN) ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IP ืžืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช. ืื ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืื’ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืž-SuperScope, ืื–ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืช ืœืœืงื•ื— ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืž-Scope ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘-SuperScope ื–ื”.

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช

The DHCP Server role in Windows Server 2012 introduces a new feature that allows you to create IPv4 policies that specify custom IP address and option assignments for DHCP clients based on a set of conditions.

The policy based assignment (PBA) feature allows you to group DHCP clients by specific attributes based on fields contained in the DHCP client request packet. PBA enables targeted administration and greater control of the configuration parameters delivered to network devices with DHCP.

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช - ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IP ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื• ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจ. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืกื™ืกืงื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘-Windows Server 2012 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื ืŸ ืœืคื™ VNI (ืžื–ื”ื” ืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช).

ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™

ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืชืžืš, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ (ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”), ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•.

ืžื“ื•ืข Microsoft Windows Server 2000/2003/2008 ืื™ื ื• ื ืชืžืš?

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 ื•ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 82 ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื ืฉืœื—ืช ืœืœื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 82.

ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘-Win2k8 R2 DHCP ืขื Option82

  1. ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื”ืœืงื•ื— ื ืฉืœื—ืช ืœ-Broadcast (DHCP Discover).
  2. ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ (Nexus) ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืฉืจืช ื”-DHCP (DHCP Discover + Option 82).
  3. ืฉืจืช DHCP ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืžืขื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื”, ืฉื•ืœื— ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”, ืืš ืœืœื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 82. (ื”ืฆืขื” DHCP โ€“ ืœืœื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 82)
  4. ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ (Nexus) ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื ื” ืžืฉืจืช ื”-DHCP. (ื”ืฆืขืช DHCP) ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉื•ืœื— ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื–ื• ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืงืฆื”.

ื ืชื•ื ื™ Sniffer - ื‘-Windows Server 2008 ื•ื‘ืœืงื•ื— DHCPWindows Server 2008 ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืฉืช. (ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 82 ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”)

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
Windows Server 2008 ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉืช. (ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” 82 ืœื ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื›ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”)
ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื”ืœืงื•ื— - DHCP Discover ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืขืช DHCP ื—ืกืจื”
ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืฉืช:

NEXUS-9000V-SW-1# show ip dhcp relay statistics 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Type             Rx              Tx           Drops  
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Discover                  8               8               0
Offer                     8               8               0
Request(*)                0               0               0
Ack                       0               0               0
Release(*)                0               0               0
Decline                   0               0               0
Inform(*)                 0               0               0
Nack                      0               0               0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                    16              16               0
----------------------------------------------------------------------

DHCP L3 FWD:
Total Packets Received                           :         0
Total Packets Forwarded                          :         0
Total Packets Dropped                            :         0
Non DHCP:
Total Packets Received                           :         0
Total Packets Forwarded                          :         0
Total Packets Dropped                            :         0
DROP:
DHCP Relay not enabled                           :         0
Invalid DHCP message type                        :         0
Interface error                                  :         0
Tx failure towards server                        :         0
Tx failure towards client                        :         0
Unknown output interface                         :         0
Unknown vrf or interface for server              :         0
Max hops exceeded                                :         0
Option 82 validation failed                      :         0
Packet Malformed                                 :         0
Relay Trusted port not configured                :         0
DHCP Request dropped on MCT                      :         0
*  -  These counters will show correct value when switch 
receives DHCP request packet with destination ip as broadcast
address. If request is unicast it will be HW switched
NEXUS-9000V-SW-1#

ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘-Microsoft Windows Server 2012?

Microsoft Windows Server 2012 ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืžืš ื‘-RFC#3527 (ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 82 ืชืช-ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 5(0x5) - ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ)
ืื‘ืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฉืžื”.

ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“:

  • ืœ-Microsoft Windows Server 2012 ื™ืฉ ืžืื’ืจ ืกื•ืคืจ (SuperScope) ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช Loopback ื•ืžืื’ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
  • ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืื’ืจ ืœื”ื ืคืงืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช IP ื ื•ืคืœืช ืœ-SuperScope, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืž-DHCP Relay ืขื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”-Loopback Source ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘-SuperScope.
  • ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช ืž-Superscope ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื”-VNI ืฉืœื• ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 82 ืชืช-ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” 1 ืžื–ื”ื” ืžืขื’ืœ ืกื•ื›ืŸ. ("0108000600"+ 24 ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช VNI + 24 ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืจื—ืจื— ืžืฆื™ื’ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ 0 ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื–ื”.)

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืคืฉื˜ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘-Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019?

Microsoft Windows Server 2016 ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช RFC#3527. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, Windows Server 2016 ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” Option 82 Sub-Option 5(0x5) - Link Selection.

ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“:

  • ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ืคืจืกืงื•ืค?
  • ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืžื™ืจ VNI ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืงืกื“ืฆื™ืžืœื™ืช?
  • ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ DHCP Loopback?

Q. ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ืคืจืกืงื•ืค?
A. ื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IPv4.
Q. ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืžื™ืจ VNI ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืงืกื“ืฆื™ืžืœื™ืช?
A. ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 82 ืชืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช 0x5,
Q. ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ DHCP Loopback?
A. ืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช DHCP ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืจืชื™ DHCP ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ืžืฉื ื” DHCP

 Note
All relay agent IP addresses (GIADDR) must be part of an active DHCP scope IP address range. Any GIADDR outside of the DHCP scope IP address ranges is considered a rogue relay and Windows DHCP Server will not acknowledge DHCP client requests from those relay agents.

A special scope can be created to "authorize" relay agents. Create a scope with the GIADDR (or multiple if the GIADDR's are sequential IP addresses), exclude the GIADDR address(es) from distribution, and then activate the scope. This will authorize the relay agents while preventing the GIADDR addresses from being assigned.

ื”ึธื”ึตืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืื’ืจ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคืขืœ VXLAN BGP EVPN ื‘-Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019, ืืชื” ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš:

  • ืฆื•ืจ ืžืื’ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืกืจ ืžืงื•ืจ.
  • ืฆื•ืจ ืžืื’ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช

ืžื” ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš (ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”):

  • ืฆื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
  • ืฆื•ืจ SuperScope

ื“ื•ื’ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉืจืช DHCP (ื™ืฉ 2 ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช DHCP ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื - ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืจืงื VXLAN)

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืื’ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื:

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืื’ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื (ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช - ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื’ืจ):

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืื’ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ DHCP Relay (ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืคืงื” ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ืœื”ื“ืจื” ืžืžืื’ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช):

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช DHCP ื‘-Microsoft Windows Server 2019

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืื’ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช Loopback (ืžืงื•ืจ) ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืกืจ DHCP.

ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืื’ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ (Scope) ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ IPv4.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ืืฉืฃ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”. "ื”ื‘ื >"

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื•ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”-IP ืขื‘ื•ืจ Loopback ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกื›ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื. ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื”ื—ืจื’ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจื”. "ื”ื‘ื >"

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ืฉืื™ืœืชื”: ื”ืื ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช DHCP ื›ืขืช (DNS, WINS, Gateway, Domain) ืื• ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื, ื•ืื– ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™. ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืžืœื ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืืฉืฃ.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ืื ื• ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืฉื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืคืขืœืช. "ืกื™ื™ื"

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ืื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™. - ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื•ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ - ื‘ื—ืจ "ื”ืคืขืœ".

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)

ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืื’ืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื/ืฉืจืชื™ื.

ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ืืฉืฃ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”. "ื”ื‘ื >"

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื•ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”-IP ืขื‘ื•ืจ Loopback ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกื›ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื. (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ) "ื”ื‘ื >"

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจื”. "ื”ื‘ื >"

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ืฉืื™ืœืชื”: ื”ืื ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช DHCP ื›ืขืช (DNS, WINS, Gateway, Domain) ืื• ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืจืช ื”-DNS.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IP ืฉืœ ืฉืจืชื™ WINS.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ.

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)
ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช. "ืกื™ื™ื"

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Microsoft Windows Server 2016/2019 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ VXLAN (DFA)

ืžืกืงื ื”

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-Windows Server 2016/2019 ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉืจืช DHCP ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืืจื’ VXLAN (ืื• ื›ืœ ืžืืจื’ ืื—ืจ). (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ IT: ืžื–ื”ื” ืžืขื’ืœ ืจืฉืช/ืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืกื ื ื™ื.)

ื”ืื ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Windows Server 2012 ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืจืชื™ 2016/2019 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื - ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชืขื‘ื•ื“.

ืžืกืžืš ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœ-2 ื’ืจืกืื•ืช: 7.X ื•-9.3. ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื’ืจืกื” 7.0(3)I7(7) ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Cisco Suggested, ื•ื’ืจืกื” 9.3 ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘-Multicast ื“ืจืš VXLAN Multisite).

ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช

  1. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Nexus 9000 VXLAN 7.x
  2. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ Nexus 9000 VXLAN 9.3
  3. DFA (Cisco Dynamic Fabric Automation)
  4. ื”ื’ื“ืจืช Microsoft Windows Server 2012 ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ DHCP ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ eVPN (VXLAN, Cisco One Fabric ื•ื›ื•')
  5. ืกื•ืคืจืกืงื•ืคื™ื 3.4 DHCP
  6. ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช DHCP
  7. ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘-Win2k8 R2 DHCP ืขื Option82
  8. ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ืžืฉื ื” DHCP

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”