5 ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื•

ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ืขืœ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืื• ืฉื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžืœื ื—ื“ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœ"ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื" ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
VisualMethod, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืœืžืฆื’ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ืคื•ื’ืจืคื™ืงื”, ืฉืืœ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืื›ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื• ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื“. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืฃ ื›ื™ื ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ืจื” ("ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœืœ") ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ("ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ"). ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืื™ืœื• ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ.

5 ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื•

ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘

ื’ื ืื ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื 1000 ืคืขืžื™ื, 5 ื”ืฉืงืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœื›ื:

  • ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืื•ื
  • ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
  • ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
  • ืกึตื“ึถืจ ื”ึทื™ื•ึนื
  • ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฆื’ืช ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืงืฉืจ

ืื ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื ืคืจื“ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืฆื’ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชืจื›ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื’ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืจืง ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื”ืœ. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืืš ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืขืžื“ื›ื ื•ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื›ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช. ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืŸ, ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœืš. ื’ื ืื ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’, ืžื™ื“ืข ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืคืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืงื”ืœ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ.

ืชืชืžื›ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉื

ื›ืœ ืžืฆื’ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืขืจ. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืœืœื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœืงื”ืœ. ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”? ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืžื”ืžืืจื’ื ืช ืื•, ืื ื”ื ืžื’ื‘ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื ื•ืฉื ืกืงื™ืฆื”. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื, ื”ื‘ืื ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื›ื ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•. VisualMethod ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื ืกื— ื ื•ืฉื ืขื ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœื• ืœืงื”ืœ. ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื–. ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื— ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื— "ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช" ื ืฉืžืข ื—ืœืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž"3 ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ".

ืžืฆื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ื”ืžืื–ื™ืŸ. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืื•ื, ื ื•ืื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื•ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืงืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื•ืจื›ืช ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ื›ื™ ืชื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ื•ืชื‘ื—ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื. ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื.

ื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืœื, ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื ืื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืฉืื•ืœ 2-3 ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ึนืชึธื.

5 ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื•

ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื ื•ืฉื, ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”: ืœืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ืš? ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื•ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืข ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ "ื›ื•ื›ื‘" ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ. ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”"ืื ื™"?

ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืืจื’ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืงืฉืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœืš. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืขืฆื ื• ืœืื—ื“ ืžืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื ืก ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืงื˜ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืฉืืœื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” "ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื?" ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœืš, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืฉื™ื”ื“ื”ื“ื• ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš.

ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš, ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื ืคืจื“ืช. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืจืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ืœื ื•ืฉื, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื - ื•ืœื ืชื™ืจืื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืจื‘ืจื‘. ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” "ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ". ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืžื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœืš ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœืš.
5 ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื•
ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืค. ื ืจืื” ื›ืš:

ืฉืžื™ _______, ืื ื™ _______ (ืชืคืงื™ื“): ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืค _______________. ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืžืื™ ืžืกื—ืจื™, ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืš:

ืฉืžื™ ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืกืงื™ (ืฉื), ืื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ (ืชืคืงื™ื“), ืืฉืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช (ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืค). ื›ืš ืืชื” ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชื” ืขืžื“ื”.

ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื. ืื ื“ื™ื‘ืจืช ืขื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

ืฉืžื™ ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืกืงื™ (ืฉื), ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืœื” 30% ืžื–ืžื ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ: ืื ื™ ืžืคืชื— ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™. ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื ืฉืœื™. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื” ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘-999%, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ืœื•ืง. ื–ื” ื’ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.

ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืš. ื–ื” ื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืš: ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืงื•ื ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฉืžืข ืžื” ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”: ืœืœืžื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—.

ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ื:

  • ืชื•ืืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ืช
  • ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืฉืœืš ืื• ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื
  • ืชืืจื™ื, ืคืจืกื™ื ื•ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช
  • ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืžื” ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš?
  • ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ื.

ื”ืขื™ืงืจ: ื–ื›ืจื• ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืœื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชืš ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.

ืชืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื™ืคืจืช ืœืžื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืงื”ืœ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื“ืข, ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ื”ืขืœืืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืื›ื–ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœืš. ื›ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœืš, ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื ื•ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื›ืืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ" ืื• "ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘". ืขื–ืจื• ืœืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื โ€“ ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืœืžื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช.

ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช "ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ื". ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฆื™ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ืื™ื ืคื•ื’ืจืคื™ืงื”. ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื™ืงื— ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง: ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™, ืžืขืฉื™, ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืงืจื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช, ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช, ืื ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื. ืื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืฆื’ืช, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืขื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ื›ืš ืชื“ืื’ื• ืœืงื•ืจื ื•ืชื—ืกื›ื• ืืช ื–ืžื ื• ื‘ื“ืคื“ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช.

VisualMethod ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ื, ืืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื” "ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช". ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—: "ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœื™, ืืชื” ืชื“ืข ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช". ื•ื“ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช.

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ", 20 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื–ืง ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื›ื•ืœื•. ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืกื™ืช ืื•, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื’ืก, "ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืกื™ืช". ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช. ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืžื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•.

5 ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื•

ืœึฐืกึทื›ึผึตื

ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืจื˜ ืื• ื”ืคืงื”: ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ืžื•ืืจ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™. ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืงืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช, ืื• 3 ื›ืœืœื™ื ืื• ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื ืื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•.

ืœืžื” ืœืกื›ื ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื ืคืจื“ืช? ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืชื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื” ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ื•ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœืš. ืฉื ื™ืช, ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช.

ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืจืš ืœืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœืš. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœืš ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœืžื“, ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื•. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืจืš ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืชื” ืžืคืจื˜ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช, ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืžื“ืช ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื™ืชืš ื•ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช.

ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืชื›ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืืœ ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื’ื ืื ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื›ืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื˜ืข ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืžืงื ืื•ืชื• ืงืฆืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื‘ืคืชืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื™.

5 ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื•

ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชืš ืงืฉืจ

ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆื’ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื˜ืจื”. ื›ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืžื”, ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืงื”ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™. ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื“ื™ืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฆื’ืช, ืœืžืขื˜ ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื• ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ืงืกื. ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืžื”ืงื”ืœ. ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืœื ืขื ืฉืืœื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืคื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.

ืื ืื™ื ืš ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืื ืฉื™ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกื’ื™ืจื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช [ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ], ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืกืคืง ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœืš ืื• ืฉื‘ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœืš.

ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืขืฆืžืื™, ืชื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœืกืคืง ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชืš ืงืฉืจ.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœืš, ืฆื•ืจ "ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื”". ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœืš, ืฉืชืฃ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืื• ื”ืฆืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœืš. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืจืื” ืชืจื’ื•ืœ VisualMethod, ื›-10% ืžื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›-30% ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืš.

5 ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื•

ื .ื‘.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”"ืขืชื™ืงื”", ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘!" ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ "ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช" ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืฉื” ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืžื‘ื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ืงืฉืจ. ื”"ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืงืฃ" ืžืื•ืชืช ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขืกืง ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื•. ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœืš ื™ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืขื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

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