ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

โ‡ก#ืœื™ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื’ื“ื”

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ืžืฉืคื—ืช Windows ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื’ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืื—ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืžืจืืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช. ืื ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-1/6 ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื“ื— ืขืœ ืฆ'ื‘ื•ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฆืžืช-ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื—ื“ ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜, ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก, ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœ "ื”ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ืขื ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœื•. ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช (ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืจื’ื™ืœ) ื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” Windows, ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™, ืกื™ืคืงื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืกืคืง ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.

ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ืœื ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชืขืฉืจ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื™ืก ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื! ื•ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื• ื”ื’ื–ืžื” ื—ื–ืงื”. ื’ื ืื ืชืขืฆืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช, ืžืื– ืื‘ื™ื‘ 2011 ื”ื—ืœื” ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืขืžืœื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื™ืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื˜ืื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘-2014 ืœื‘ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ 3,4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืชืจืžื” ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื•ืœ-Gates.

ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘-2018 ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจืฉืžื” ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ืจืžื– ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืจืขื•ืช - ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘-2018 ืฉืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ื ื—ืจืฅ ืœ"ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—": ื”ื™ื ืงื ืชื” ืืช GitHub, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื. ื”ืื ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช? ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืœื‘?

ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืžืจืฅ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉืขื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืขืงื‘ ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืชื• ืžื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜. ื›ืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืขื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘"ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื–ื”ื‘" ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื”, ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืกืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก. ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•, ืœืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœื•, ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืœื™ื—ืกื• ืœืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ื—ืฉื“ื ื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืืฃ ื”ื•ืืฉื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืžื“ืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.

ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืื•ื ื”ืกื ืกืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื™ื˜ื” ืžื™ื›ืœืงื•ื‘. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก, ื‘ื›ืกืคื• ื•ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ื•, ื”ืคืš ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืœื• - ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•? ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ื”ืœืื”. ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื? ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช, 1,5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžืชื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื•.

ืœื ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขื“ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืื ื–ื” ืคืœื, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช? ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืข ืžื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื•ืจืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื™ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœืžืขื˜ ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืคืชืจื•ืŸ.

ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื•ืชืœื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช: ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื›ืกืฃ (ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช). ื”ืื—ื“ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืœ ื™ื™ื ืชืง ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™. ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื (ืœืžื” ืœื?), ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื ืข ืžืžื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ ืื• ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜. ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืคืœื ื˜ืจื™, ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ืœืงื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”.

ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืคืจื™ืœ ื ืฉืžืข "ืขืจื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ" ืžืืฉื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืจื•ืก ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ "ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื–ื”ื‘", ืื• ืœืฉื‘ืฅ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœืช "ื”ืขื•ืœื". ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื–ื•, ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™, ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช.

ื ื™ืงื™ื˜ื” ืกืจื’ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืžื™ื›ืœืงื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืื™, ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ืืช ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืกื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืฉืื‘ IT ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ "ืฆ'ื™ืค", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืœื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ "ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืข" ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื•ื”ืื ื›ืืœื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.

โ‡ก#ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฆ'ื™ืคื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื

ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืื” ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื•ืชื’ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื ื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฆ'ื™ืค. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื. ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช - ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฆ'ื™ืคื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืื• ื—ืฆื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืžื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืžื•ืคื—ืชืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื’ื ืฉื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฆ'ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ, ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื’ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื, ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื‘ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืชื’ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช? ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”. ืกื•ื’ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชื’ื™ ืจื“ื™ื• (RFID) ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžืงืœื˜ ืžืฉื“ืจ ืขื ืื ื˜ื ื” ื•ืฉื‘ื‘ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื” ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”. ืœืชื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืชื— ืžืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื“ืจืš ืขืจื•ืฅ ืจื“ื™ื• ืžืกื•ืจืง ื”-RFID - ื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžื•ืฉืจื” ื‘ืื ื˜ื ืช ื”ืชื’ ืžื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืจืง ืžื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืœ. ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืœืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืชื’ (ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืฆืžื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ). ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื•ืชื ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืชื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืกืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”: ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืœืœ.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืชื’ ื›ื–ื” ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื“ืฆื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื’ ื•ื”ืื ื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื•. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืคืจืกื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื’ ื›ื–ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื—ื™ื” ืื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืจืง ืื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชื ืื™ื: ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืชืคืก, ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืจืง RFID ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื” (ืชื’) ืžื•ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืื—ื“ ืžืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื.

ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื’ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื“ืจ ืจื“ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 10 ืœ-90 ืกื ื˜, ื•ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื“ืจืช ืชื’ ื›ื–ื” ืœืจืงืžื” ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื›-2 ืจื•ื‘ืœ. ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœ chipization ืขื ืชื’ื™ RFID ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื•ืื ืก: ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื–ืจืง ืขื ืžื—ื˜ ืขื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ืžื•ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืจืงืžื”. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ - ืื ืืชื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืขื "ืžื–ืจืง" ื›ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืคื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.

ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ื ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืงืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืจื - ื”ืื–ืจื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื‘ื‘ ืขื ืชื’ RFID. ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ "ืœืชืคื•ืจ" ืœืชื•ื›ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื“ 8 ืชื•ื•ื™ื), ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืงื•ื“ ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืชื’. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจื—ื•ืง. ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื–ืจื— ื›ื–ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“. ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืกื•ืจืงื™ RFID ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืฆ'ื™ืค, ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื›ื™ื•ื, ืžืฉืžืขื• ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข (ืžื–ื”ื” ื‘ืžืื’ืจ) ื•ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃื•. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื”. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื’ื™ RFID ื”ืชืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื•ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ืจืš ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื. ืื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก. ืืš ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœืฆ'ื™ืค ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ื•.

โ‡ก#ื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ "ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื™" ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜

ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœืงื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืžืกืคืจ WO/2020/060606. ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืช ืคื˜ื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืืชืจ WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” WO/2020/060605 ืฉื™ื™ืš ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜, ื•ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” WO/2020/060607 ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ Western Digital. ืœื›ืŸ, ืขื ื”ืžืกืคืจ WO/2020/060606, ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช: ืื• ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื ืขืฉื• ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืฉืช ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืขื "ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ" 666. ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืžืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ "ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื™" ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื ืจืฉื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉื ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื–'ื ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืกืคืจ ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ ื•ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช 16/138518. ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืคื˜ื ื˜ ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ 20200097951, ืžืกืžืš ื–ื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘-26 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2020. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื "ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ". ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื›ืืŸ.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืกื™ื“ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืขืฆืžื•. ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ 25 ืืคืจื™ืœ. ื‘ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœืงื•ื‘, ื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ "CRYPTOCURRENCY SYSTEM USING BODY ACTIVITY DATA" ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืฉื™ืคืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื•ืœื• ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื˜ื ื˜. ืžืคืชื—ื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืชืจืžื™ื™ื (ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืฃ), ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื.ืง.ื’ ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื•ืคืง (ื“ื•ืคืง), ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืจืงื™ MRI ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ืื• ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืœืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ืื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช" ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆืข.

ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช Hash ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื™ืงื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืจ, ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืกื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื”ื•ื ืฆืคื” ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžืช, ื•ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื ืจืฉืžื• ื•ื ืชืคืจื• ืœืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืกื. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ (ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื) ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื›ืžื• ื—ืฉืžืœ. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืกืคืงื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืกืจืง.

โ‡ก#ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื™ืช ืกืื•ืช' ืคืืจืง ืขืœืชื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘-13 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1997, ืขื ืคืจืง ื”ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ "Cartman and the Anal Probe". ื›ืœ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืื– ื”ื›ืคื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืœื˜ื™ื™ืก, ืืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉืœืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ืฆ'ื™ืค ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื”ื™ืจื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”: ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืกื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืงืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก, ืื ื”ื•ื ืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืžื–ืขื•ืจ. ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช "ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ"? ื”ื ื” ื–ื”!

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืขื‘ื“ื• ื–ื• ืœืฆื“ ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ืžื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื–ืขื•ืจ, ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืขื–ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš 10nm ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ืชืงืข. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”-10nm ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ, ืฉืื™ื ื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื - 100,8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœ-1 ืž"ืž. ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ื“ Intel Pentium 2 Prescott, ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘-4. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”-RAM, ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขื ื”"ืžืืกื˜ืจ" ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•.

ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื ื“ื™ืฃ. ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืคื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื 3D NAND. ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื™ืฆืจื ื™ NAND 3D ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืคืจืกื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืชืื™ื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.

ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื”-IEEE ื‘-2016, ื—ืฉืคื” ืžื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื ืื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืฉื’ืช ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘-3D NAND ื•ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื. ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืขืœ ืื™ื ืฅ' ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจืกื ืชืื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ 2,77 Tbit. ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ 1 ืž"ืž, ื–ื” ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘-2 ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื‘ื™ื˜ ืื• 4,29 ืžื’ื”-ื‘ื™ื™ื˜. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจืžืช Intel Pentium 536, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ืคื— ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.

ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขื“ ื›ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.

โ‡ก#ืžื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘

ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื•ืจ ืื• ืœืจืงืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืกื•ืœืœื”. ื›ื•ื— ืœืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ืžืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื›ื•ื— ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ืืš ืœืขืช ืขืชื” ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืื“ื.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ืขืฉื• ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœื” ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืœืคืชื— ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืชื—ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืจืš ืกืฃ. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืคื•ืชื—ื” ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื—ื™ ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืœ 1 V. ืืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ CMOS ื•ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืชื— ื”ืกืฃ ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื 36 mV. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขื ืžืชื—ื™ ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจ ืž-300 ืœ-500 mV.

ื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืืช ืžืชื— ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืื—ืจ. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืชื— ื”ืืกืคืงื” โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชื— ื”ืืกืคืงื” โ€‹โ€‹(ื•ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”) ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื›ืืŸ ื’ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืฉืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช, ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืืช ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื.

ืื– ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ? ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืกืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ 2011. ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืจืื” ืžืขื‘ื“ Claremont 32 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžื ื•ืกื” (ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœ-Intel P54C) ืขื 6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›-2 ืž"ืž. ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉืœ 2 mV ื‘ืชื“ืจ ืฉืœ 380 ืžื’ื”-ื”ืจืฅ ืขื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื›-10 ืžื’ื”-ื•ืื˜. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืกืจืง, ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืจืงืข ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ 1,5 mW. ืžื” ื–ื” 10 mW? ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”: ื ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื˜ืขื™ื ืช ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื›ืช ืขื“ 10 mW, ืืš ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื™ืคื”. ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”, Claremont, ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ.

ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจืžืช Intel Pentium ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื›-1 mW ื•ืืฃ ืคื—ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืกืคืง ืฉืœ 1 mW (ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื“ืจ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช)? ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื•, ืืš ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืืžืช.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืชื ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ืงื˜ืŸ - ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ - ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืขื“ 10 mW ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื’ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” (ืจืื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื”). ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืชืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ื–ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกืชืจ, ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืชืœื™ ืžื•ื— ืžืคืื ืœื™ื ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืค ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื˜ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื”.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื ืžืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช. ืฉืขื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ืก ืขื ืคื™ืชื•ืœ ืงืคื™ืฅ ืžื›ื ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืžืฆืื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”. ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืืœืงื˜ืจื•-ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช (MEMS) ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืกืคืงื™ ื›ื•ื— ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื–ืจื ืžืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ CEA-Leti.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื–ืจื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืžืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ 100 ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื•ืื˜ ืœ-1 mW. ื‘ืžืชื™ื—ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ืฉื ืชืคืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืื›ื–ื‘. ืื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืœืคื™ ื”ืื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ (ืจืื” ืœืžืขืœื”) - ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื’ื ืจื˜ื•ืจ - ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ืจื˜ื•ืจ ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—. ื–ื• ื’ื ืœื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ-ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืกื•ื“ื™. ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื ื•ืœื’ืจื“ - ืืชื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืชืฉื™ื ืœื‘.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืฉื“ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื - ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืจืขืฉื™ ืชื“ืจ ืจื“ื™ื• (ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืจื“ื™ื•, Wi-Fi ื•ื›ื•'). ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” - ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืกืœื™ืœ ืื ื˜ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื“ื™. ืชื’ RFID ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™. ืกื•ืจืง ื”-RFID ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืฉื“ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืกืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื“ืจ, ื”ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืง ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10 mW. ืจืง ื›ืืŸ ื”ืกื•ืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ืžืงืœื˜, ื•ืœืžืงืœื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืœื™ืœ ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื.

ื”ืชื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื“ืจ ืจื“ื™ื• ืœืฉื™ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกืคืง ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉื‘ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืชืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช - 1 mW ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• - ื™ืฉ ืœืžืงื ืกื•ืจืง ืื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืงืจื™ื ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ืกื•ื“ื™. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื’ืข ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืกืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืืคืก.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช? ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข 60% ืžื™ื. ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื. ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื•ืœืœื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืขื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜. ื ึดืกื™ื•ึนื ึดื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงื”, ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ื—ืœื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ื–ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื–ืจื–, ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื“ 35 mW ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืื—ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชืขืจืขืจืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื ืฉื™ืื” ืกืžื•ื™ื”, ื•ืื ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ื›ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืš ืฉืจื™ืจื™, ืชืชืขื•ืจืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืจื™ืงื‘ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขื•ื“ 20โ€“30 ืฉื ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื™ืฆื ืžื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื.

ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื—ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– (ืกื•ื›ืจ). ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื–ืจื–ื™ื, ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชืคืจืง ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื. ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืืš ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ื•ื— ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืœืœืช ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืคืชืจื”?

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืื—ืจ - ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื. ื”ืžืžื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื ืœื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ื ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืชืจืžื•-ืืœืงื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืคืงื˜ ืคืœื˜ื™ื™ืจ. ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ Peltier ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ 10, 20 mW ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื ืคื•ื—ืช (ืจืื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื”). ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืชืจืžื•-ืืœืžื ื˜ ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื–ืจ ื—ื•ื ืœื—ืœืœ ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘. ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืกื™ื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืฉื”/ืฉืชืœืช, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืกื•ืœืœื” ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืกื“ืจืชื™ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื ืกืชืจ (ืกื•ื“ื™). ืžื™ืงืจื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืช ืขืชื” ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื›ื•ื—.

ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ-ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื ืžืฉื™ืš. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.

โ‡ก#ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืœื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช (ืจื“ื™ื•).

ืื ืื™ื ืš ืกื•ืก, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื’ ืชื“ืจ ืจื“ื™ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื ืฉื‘ื‘ ืขื ืชื’ื™ RFID ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื• ื—ื•ื˜ื ืœืืฃ. . ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื–ืจืงื” ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื›ืจื™ ืžืจืขื” ืื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืจืขื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื. ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื˜ืจ ืชื’ื™ RFID ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ RFID ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ืกืœื•ืœืจื™, ื•ืขื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•.

ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื•... ื—ืžื™ืฉื” - ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช 5G ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื‘ืขื•ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ื—ืคืฉื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืฆื™ืชื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื! ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืกื•ื•ืช ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช. ื›ื™ื•ื, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื™ืจืื” ืื™ื–ื” ืืœืžื ื˜ ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ 20 ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• 10 ืฉื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืื ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืื• ืืœืžื ื˜ ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช. ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืชืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื’ื ืงืงื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื ื•ื”ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ืคื•ืฅ, ื•ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-5G ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืคื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื. ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื, ืื•, ื‘ืžืกื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ื”ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช 5G ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืืœื™ื•. ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ 5G, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉืจืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื”, ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ (ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืื—ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ Huawei 5G). ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก 5G ืขืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืขื ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื. ื—ืกื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื—ืฉื“ื ื•ืช ืื• ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืžืขื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืชืื•ืจืช ืจื—ื•ื‘. ืžื™ ืฉื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื? ืžื™ืงื•ื ืชื›ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก, ืื’ื‘, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื?

ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืฉืึดื™. ืจืงืžื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืงืžื” ื”ื ืžื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื• ื‘ืชื“ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื• ืคื•ืขืœืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช 5G. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืข ืืช ืื ื˜ื ืช ืžืงืœื˜ ื”ืžืฉื“ืจ 5G ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื. ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ, ืื—ืจืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื˜ื ื” ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช 5G ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื•ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื–ืจืงื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื. ื”ืžืžื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื›ื™ ื’ืœ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ืื ื˜ื ืช ื”-5G ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืœืขื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื“ ืขืฆืžื - ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ, ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืžืงืœื˜ ืžืฉื“ืจ ื•ืื ื˜ื ื” 5G ืœื ืชื™ืขืœื ืžืขื™ื ื™ื”ื.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืงืœื˜ ืžืฉื“ืจ 5G (ื•ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ). ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื“ืจ ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก, ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืœ-1 W. ื”ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ ืืžื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืื–ืจื— ืขื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืง ืขื ืงื‘ืœ-ืขืœ ื—ื–ืง (ืื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจ). ืžืชื™ื—ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกืคืง ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจื“ื™ื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื•ืื˜ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื•ืคืจื™ืกื” ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช 5G, ืื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืกืคืง ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืงืœื˜ ืžืฉื“ืจ ืฉืœ 10 mW ื™ืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื–ื” ืคืœื•ืก ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉืชืœ ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืก ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื”.

โ‡ก#ืฆ'ื™ืคื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืžื—ืจ: ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื™ืจืื”?

ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืฉื™ื™ืคื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื”ืชื—ืคืฉ ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฉืชืœืช ืฉืชืœื™ ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘. ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืขื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื” ืฉืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืงื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ Neuralink, ืฉืžืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื•ืŸ ืžืืกืง.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืœื•ืŸ ืžืืกืง ืื™ืฉืจืฉืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ Neuralink ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืื“ื-ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืืš ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ (ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืคื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™), ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื”ืฉืชืœืช ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ Neuralink ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื”. ื‘ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืืกืง: "ืžืžืฉ ื ื—ืชื•ืš ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืžื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช, ื•ืื– ื ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ Neuralink. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื” ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืžื•ื—, ื•ืื– ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืชืคื•ืจ. ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžื•ื— ื•ื™ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืื‘ื“ื” ืื• ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืคื™ื™ื".

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ืฆ'ื™ืคื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœืคื™ ืื™ืœื•ืŸ ืžืืกืง ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจืฅ ืžืงืœืข; ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ, ื•ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืจื• ืœืžืฉืจืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื (ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ), ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื™ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ - ืขื ืกื•ืœืœื” ื•ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' (ื•ืื– ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘) - ื™ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœ-RFID.

ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” chipization ืืžื™ืชื™. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืค ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ื ื™ื, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื• ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื "ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”". ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืžืจืื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืื• ืฉืžื™ืขื”. ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ื‘. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื–ื• ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืื ื ื–ืง ืœื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ื”ืจืก ืืช ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื.

ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—

ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื•ื“, ืžืืกืง ื—ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื“ื. ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ื–ื”? ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—! ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื’ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื“ืขื™, ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื›ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

โ‡ก#ืžืกืงื ื”

ืœืžืขืœื” ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ืŸ (ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื) ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ื›ื—ื™ื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืกื™ืคืง ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ืขื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืœื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื—ืฆืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื“ืขื™ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ. ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื ืžืฉื•ืขืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.

ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžืกืงื ื” ืื—ืช: ื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœื”ื—ื“ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.

ืžืงื•ืจ: 3dnews.ru

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