ืื ืืชื ืงืืจืืื ืืช ืืืืืจ ืืื, ืื ืจืื ืฉืืชื ืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืืคืฉืจืืืืช ืื ืคืชืืืช ืืขืช ืฉืืืืฉ ื-API (ืืืฉืง ืชืื ืืช ืืืฉืืืื).
ืขื ืืื ืืืกืคืช ืืื ืืืืฉืงื ื-API ืืฆืืืืจืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉืื, ืืชื ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืช ืืคืื ืงืฆืืื ืืืืช ืฉื ืืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืชื ืขื ืื ืชืื ืื ืืืจืืฉืื. ืืื ืื ืื ืคืืชืืช ืชืืื ื ืืืืืืืช ืฉืืชื ืจืืฆื ืืืืืง ืขื ืืงืืืื?
ืืชืฉืืื ืคืฉืืื: ืืชื ืฆืจืื
ืืืจืืช ืฉืื ืขืฉืืื ืืืืจืืืช ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืจืชืืขื ืืืชืืื, ืืื ืืืขืฉื ืื ืคืฉืืื. ื ืจืื ืื ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืช ืื ืขื Python.
ืื ืฉืืชื ืฆืจืื ืืื ืืืชืืื
ืคืืชืื API ืืืจืฉ:
- ืคืืืชืื 3;
ืืงืืืง - ืืกืืจืช ืคืฉืืื ืืงืื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืฆืืจืช ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืจื ื;ืืื ืืงืืืงืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืขืืืจ Flask ืืืืคืฉืจืช ืืคืชื REST API ืืืืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจื.
ืืืชืงื ื ืืชืืฆืขืช ืขื ืืื ืืคืงืืื:
pip install flask-restful
ืื ื ืืืืืฆืื ืขื ืชืื ืืช ืืื ืื ืกืืื ืืืื ื ืืืชืืืืื:
ืคืืชืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืจื ื-C# - 26-28 ืืืืืืกื. ืืื ืื ืกืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืคืฉืจ ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืขืืืจืื ืขืืืืื, ืืช ืืชืืื ืืช ืฉื ืขืืืื ืขื ื-API ืฉื Telegram ืืขืื ื ืืืื ืกืื. ืฉืืืฉืช ืืืฉืชืชืคืื ืืืืืืืื ืืงืืื 30 ืจืืื ื-Skillbox.
ืืคื ื ืฉืืชื ืืชืืื
ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืคืชื RESTful API ืขื ืืกืืกื
ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืื ื ืืื ืืช ืฉื ื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืืจื ืืขืื.
ืื ืื REST?
REST API (Representational State Transfer) ืืื API ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืงืฉืืช HTTP ืืื ืืืืืืฃ ื ืชืื ืื.
ืืืฉืงื API ืฉื REST ืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืงืจืืืจืืื ืื ืืกืืืืื:
- ืืจืืืืงืืืจืช ืฉืจืช-ืืงืื: ืืืงืื ืืงืืื ืืื ืืจืืงืฆืื ืขื ืืืฉืง ืืืฉืชืืฉ, ืืืฉืจืช ืืงืืื ืืื ืืจืืงืฆืื ืขื ืืงืฆื ืืืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืื ืชืื ืื. ืืืงืื ืืืฉืจืช ืื ืขืฆืืืืื, ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืฃ ืื ืคืจื ืืืืืจ.
- ืืื ืืฆื - ืืื ื ืชืื ื ืืงืื ืืืืืกื ืื ืืฉืจืช. ืืฆื ืืืคืขืื ืืืืืกื ืืฆื ืืืงืื.
- ืืืืืช ืืืืื - ืืงืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืฉืืืจ ืชืืืืืช ืฉืจืช ืืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืืืฆืืขืื ืืืืืืื.
ืื ืื CRUD?
ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืชืื ืืช ืืืชืืจ ืืจืืข ืคืขืืืืช ืืกืืกืืืช (ืืฆืืจื, ืงืจืืื, ืขืืืื ืืืืง).
ื-REST API, ืกืืื ืืืงืฉืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืืืงืฉืืช ืืืจืืื ืืคืขืืืืช ืืื ืคืจืกืื, ืงืื, ืืฆื, ืืืืงื.
ืืขืช, ืืืืจ ืฉืขืกืงื ื ืืืื ืืื ืืืกืืกืืื, ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืช ื-API.
ืคืืชืื
ืืืื ื ืืฆืืจ ืืืืจ ืฉื ืฆืืืืืื ืขื ืืื ื ืืืืืืชืืช. ืืื ื ืืืืืืชืืช ืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืฆืืืืืช ืืืืชืจ ืืืื, ืืคืืืชืื ืืื ืืื ืคืืคืืืจื ืืขืืืื ืขื ืืื ื ืืืืืืชืืช.
ืขื API ืื, ืืคืชื Python ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจืืช ืขื AI ืืืงืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืืฉืื. ืื ืืืคืชื ืืฉ ืืืฉืืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืื ืืฉื ืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืืชื ืืืืืจ.
ื ืชืืื ืืืืืื โโืืืืืืืื ืื ืืจืฉืื ืืืืืจืช Flask:
from flask import Flask
from flask_restful import Api, Resource, reqparse
import random
app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)
ืืงืืข ืื, Flask, Api ื-Resource ืื ืืืืืงืืช ืฉืื ื ืฆืจืืืื.
Reqparse ืืื ืืืฉืง ื ืืชืื ืืงืฉืืช Flask-RESTful... ืชืฆืืจื ืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืื ืืืฆืื ืฆืืืื ืืงืจืื.
ืืขืช ื ืืฆืืจ ืืืืจ ืฉื ืฆืืืืืื ืขื AI.
ืื ืขืจื ืจืืคื ืืืื:
- ืชืขืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืืืช;
- ืฉื ืืืชื ืืฆืืืื;
- ืฆืืืื.
ืืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืจืง ืืืืื ืืืืืืืช, ื ืืืกื ืืช ืื ืืขืจืืื ืืจืฉืืืช Python. ืืืืฉืื ืืืืชื, ืกืืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืฉืชืืฉืื ืืืกื ื ืชืื ืื ืืืงืื ืืืช.
ai_quotes = [
{
"id": 0,
"author": "Kevin Kelly",
"quote": "The business plans of the next 10,000 startups are easy to forecast: " +
"Take X and add AI."
},
{
"id": 1,
"author": "Stephen Hawking",
"quote": "The development of full artificial intelligence could " +
"spell the end of the human raceโฆ " +
"It would take off on its own, and re-design " +
"itself at an ever increasing rate. " +
"Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, " +
"couldn't compete, and would be superseded."
},
{
"id": 2,
"author": "Claude Shannon",
"quote": "I visualize a time when we will be to robots what " +
"dogs are to humans, " +
"and Iโm rooting for the machines."
},
{
"id": 3,
"author": "Elon Musk",
"quote": "The pace of progress in artificial intelligence " +
"(Iโm not referring to narrow AI) " +
"is incredibly fast. Unless you have direct " +
"exposure to groups like Deepmind, " +
"you have no idea how fast โ it is growing " +
"at a pace close to exponential. " +
"The risk of something seriously dangerous " +
"happening is in the five-year timeframe." +
"10 years at most."
},
{
"id": 4,
"author": "Geoffrey Hinton",
"quote": "I have always been convinced that the only way " +
"to get artificial intelligence to work " +
"is to do the computation in a way similar to the human brain. " +
"That is the goal I have been pursuing. We are making progress, " +
"though we still have lots to learn about " +
"how the brain actually works."
},
{
"id": 5,
"author": "Pedro Domingos",
"quote": "People worry that computers will " +
"get too smart and take over the world, " +
"but the real problem is that they're too stupid " +
"and they've already taken over the world."
},
{
"id": 6,
"author": "Alan Turing",
"quote": "It seems probable that once the machine thinking " +
"method had started, it would not take long " +
"to outstrip our feeble powersโฆ " +
"They would be able to converse " +
"with each other to sharpen their wits. " +
"At some stage therefore, we should " +
"have to expect the machines to take control."
},
{
"id": 7,
"author": "Ray Kurzweil",
"quote": "Artificial intelligence will reach " +
"human levels by around 2029. " +
"Follow that out further to, say, 2045, " +
"we will have multiplied the intelligence, " +
"the human biological machine intelligence " +
"of our civilization a billion-fold."
},
{
"id": 8,
"author": "Sebastian Thrun",
"quote": "Nobody phrases it this way, but I think " +
"that artificial intelligence " +
"is almost a humanities discipline. It's really an attempt " +
"to understand human intelligence and human cognition."
},
{
"id": 9,
"author": "Andrew Ng",
"quote": "We're making this analogy that AI is the new electricity." +
"Electricity transformed industries: agriculture, " +
"transportation, communication, manufacturing."
}
]
ืืขืช ืขืืื ื ืืืฆืืจ ืืืืงืช ืืฉืืืื ืฉื Quote ืฉืชืืืืจ ืืช ืืคืขืืืืช ืฉื ื ืงืืืืช ืืงืฆื ืฉืื ื ื-API. ืืฉ ืืืฆืืืจ ืขื ืืจืืข ืฉืืืืช ืืชืื ืืืืืงื: get, post, put, delete.
ื ืชืืื ืืฉืืืช GET
ืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืื ืืงืื ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืกืคืฆืืคืืช ืขื ืืื ืฆืืื ืืืืื ืฉืื, ืื ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืืงืจืืืช ืื ืื ืฆืืื ืืืื.
class Quote(Resource):
def get(self, id=0):
if id == 0:
return random.choice(ai_quotes), 200
for quote in ai_quotes:
if(quote["id"] == id):
return quote, 200
return "Quote not found", 404
ืฉืืืช GET ืืืืืจื ืฆืืืื ืืงืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืขืจื ืืจืืจืช ืืืืื, ืืืืืจ. ืืขืช ืงืจืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืื.
ืื ืืื ืืืืืจ, ืืฉืืื ืืืคืฉืช ืืื ืืจืืืืช ืืืืฆืืช ืืช ืื ืฉืืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืื ืชืื. ืื ืื ื ืืฆื ืืืจ, ืืืืืขื "ืฆืืืื ืื ื ืืฆื, 404" ืืืฆืืช.
ืืืืจ, ืืฉืืื ืืืืืจื ืกืืืืก HTTP ืฉื 200 ืื ืืืงืฉื ืืฆืืืื ื-404 ืื ืืขืจื ืื ื ืืฆื.
ืืขืช ืืืื ื ืืฆืืจ ืฉืืืช POST ืืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืืืฉื ืืืืืจ
ืื ืืงืื ืืช ืืืืื ืฉื ืื ืฆืืืื ืืืฉ ืชืื ืืื ืืงืืื. ืื ืืกืฃ, POST ืืฉืชืืฉ ื-reqparse ืืื ืื ืชื ืืช ืืคืจืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืกื ืืืืฃ ืืืงืฉื (ืืงืกื ืืืืจ ืืฆืืืื).
def post(self, id):
parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
parser.add_argument("author")
parser.add_argument("quote")
params = parser.parse_args()
for quote in ai_quotes:
if(id == quote["id"]):
return f"Quote with id {id} already exists", 400
quote = {
"id": int(id),
"author": params["author"],
"quote": params["quote"]
}
ai_quotes.append(quote)
return quote, 201
ืืงืื ืืืขืื, ืฉืืืช POST ืงืืืื ืืืื ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ. ืืืืจ ืืื, ืืืืฆืขืืช reqparse, ืืื ืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืืจ ืืืฆืืืื ืืืืงืฉื, ืืืืกื ืืืชื ืืืืืื ืืคืจืืก.
ืื ืืืจ ืงืืืืช ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืืื ืฉืฆืืื, ืืฉืืื ืืฆืืื ืืช ืืืืืขื ืืืชืืืื ืืืช ืืงืื 400.
ืื ืืจื ื ืืฆืจื ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืืื ืฉืฆืืื, ืืฉืืื ืืืฆืจืช ืขืจื ืืืฉ ืขื ืืืืื ืืืืืืจ ืฉืฆืืื ื, ืืื ืื ืคืจืืืจืื ืืืจืื. ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืขืจื ืืจืฉืืืช ai_quotes ืืืืืืจ ืขืจื ืขื ืฆืืืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืขื ืงืื 201.
ืืขืช ืื ื ืืืฆืจืื ืฉืืืช PUT ืืฉืื ืื ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืงืืืืช ืืืืืจ
def put(self, id):
parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
parser.add_argument("author")
parser.add_argument("quote")
params = parser.parse_args()
for quote in ai_quotes:
if(id == quote["id"]):
quote["author"] = params["author"]
quote["quote"] = params["quote"]
return quote, 200
quote = {
"id": id,
"author": params["author"],
"quote": params["quote"]
}
ai_quotes.append(quote)
return quote, 201
ืฉืืืช PUT, ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืงืืืืช, ืืืงืืช ืืืื ืืงืื ืืื ืชืืช ืืช ืคืจืืืจื ืืฆืืืื ืืืืฆืขืืช reqparse.
ืื ืงืืืืช ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืืื ืฉืฆืืื, ืืฉืืื ืชืขืืื ืืืชื ืืคืจืืืจืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืชืืฆืื ืืช ืืฆืขืช ืืืืืจ ืืืขืืืื ืช ืขื ืงืื 200. ืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืืื ืฉืฆืืื, ืชืืืืฆืจ ืจืฉืืื ืืืฉื ืขื ืงืื 201.
ืืืกืืฃ, ืืืื ื ืืฆืืจ ืฉืืืช DELETE ืืื ืืืกืืจ ืฆืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืื ื ืืขืืจืจ ืืฉืจืื.
def delete(self, id):
global ai_quotes
ai_quotes = [qoute for qoute in ai_quotes if qoute["id"] != id]
return f"Quote with id {id} is deleted.", 200
ืฉืืื ืื ืืืงืืช ืืช ืืืื ืืฆืืืื ืืงืื ืืืขืืื ืช ืืช ืจืฉืืืช ai_quotes ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืจืฉืืื ืืืฉืืชืคืช.
ืืขืช, ืืืืจ ืฉืืฆืจื ื ืืช ืื ืืฉืืืืช, ืื ืฉืขืืื ื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืคืฉืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืช ืืืฉืื ื-API, ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืื ืชืื ืืืืคืขืื ืืช Flask.
api.add_resource(Quote, "/ai-quotes", "/ai-quotes/", "/ai-quotes/<int:id>")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
ืฉืืจืืช REST API ืฉืื ื ืืืื!
ืืืืจ ืืื, ื ืืื ืืฉืืืจ ืืช ืืงืื ืืงืืืฅ app.py ืขื ืืื ืืคืขืืชื ืืืกืืฃ ืขื ืืคืงืืื:
python3 app.py
ืื ืืื ืืกืืจ, ื ืงืื ืืฉืื ืืื:
* ืืฆื ื ืืคืื ืืืืื: ืืืคืขื
* ืจืฅ ืขื
* ืืคืขืื ืืืืฉ ืขื ืกืืืืกืืืงื
* ืืืืื ืคืขืื!
* ืงืื ืืืืื ืืืืื: XXXXXXX
ืืืืงืช ื-API
ืืืืจ ืืฆืืจืช ื-API, ืืฉ ืืืืืง ืืืชื.
ื ืืชื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืช ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืื ืืฉืืจืืช ืฉื ืืกืืฃ ืืชืืชืืื ืื ืืงืื Insomnia REST, ืื ืขื ืืื ืคืจืกืื ื-API ื-API Rapid.
ืคืจืกืื ื-API ืฉืื ื
RapidAPI ืืื ืืฉืืง ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืขื ืืืขืื ื-10 ืืืฉืงื API (ืืืืืืืื ืืคืชืืื).
RapidAPI ืื ืจืง ืืกืคืง ืืืฉืง ืืืื ืืขืืืื ืขื ืืืฉืงื API ืฉื ืฆื ืฉืืืฉื, ืืื ืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืื ืืคืจืกื ืืืืืจืืช ืืืงืืืช ืืืฉืง API ืืฉืื.
ืื
ืืืฆื ืืคืจืกื ืืช ื-API ืฉืื ื-Heroku
1. ืืชืงื ืืช Heroku.
ืืฉืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืื ืจืืฉืื ืืืชืงื ืช ืืืฉืง ืฉืืจืช ืืคืงืืื ืฉื Heroku (CLI). ืื ืขืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืื 16+.
sudo snap install heroku --classic
ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ื ื ืื ืกืื:
ืืชืืืจืืช ืืจืืงื
2. ืืืกืฃ ืืช ืืงืืฆืื ืืืจืืฉืื.
ืืขืช ืขืืื ื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืช ืืงืืฆืื ืืคืจืกืื ืืชืืงืื ืืืคืืืงืฆืื ืฉืื ื:
- requirements.txt ืขื ืจืฉืืื ืฉื ืืืืืื Python ื ืืจืฉืื;
- Procfile, ืืืฆืืื ืืืื ืคืงืืืืช ืืฉ ืืืฆืข ืืื ืืืคืขืื ืืช ืืืืฉืื;
- .gitignore - ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืงืืฆืื ืฉืืื ื ื ืืืฆืื ืืฉืจืช.
ืงืืืฅ requirements.txt ืืืื ืืช ืืฉืืจืืช ืืืืืช:
- ืืงืืืง
- ืืงืืืง ืจืืืข
- ืื ืืงืืจื
ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืืกืคื ื ืืช ืืื ืืงืืจื (Python WSGI HTTP Server) ืืจืฉืืื ืื ืื ืื ื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืคืขืื ืืช ืืืคืืืงืฆืื ืฉืื ื ืืฉืจืช.
ืืคืจืืคืื ืืืื:
ืืื ืืจื ื: ืืคืืืงืฆืืืช ืื ืืงืืจื: ืืคืืืงืฆืื
ืชืืื ืฉื โ.gitignore:
*.pyc
__pycache__/
ืขืืฉืื ืืฉืืงืืฆืื ื ืืฆืจื, ืืืื ื ืืชืื ืืช ื-git repo ืื ืืฆืข commit:
git init
git add
git commit -m "First API commit"
3. ืฆืืจ ืืคืืืงืฆืืืช Heroku ืืืฉื.
heroku create
ืืืืคื ืฉื ืืขื ืฃ ืืืืกืืจ ืืจืืคื ืืืจืืืง ืฉื Heroku:
git push heroku master
ืขืืฉืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืคืชืืืช ืฉืืจืืช ื-API ืขื ืืคืงืืืืช:
heroku ps:scale web=1
heroku open
ื-API ืืืื ืืืื ื
ืืืฆื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืช Python API ืืฉืืง RapidAPI
ืืจืืข ืฉืฉืืจืืช ื-API ืืชืคืจืกื ื-Heroku, ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืืชื ื-Rapid API. ืืื
1. ืฆืืจ ืืฉืืื RapidAPI.
ืื ื ืจืืฉืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืื - ื ืืชื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืช ืืืืฆืขืืช ืคืืืกืืืง, ืืืื, GitHub.
2. ืืืกืฃ API ืืืื ืืืงืจื.
3. ืืืืจ ืืื, ืืื ืืืืข ืืืื ืขื ื-API ืฉืื.
4. ืืืืจ ืืืืฆื ืขื "ืืืกืฃ API" ืืืคืืข ืืฃ ืืืฉ ืื ื ืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืข ืขื ื-API ืฉืื ื.
5. ืืขืช ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืช ื ืงืืืืช ืืงืฆื ืฉื ื-API, ืื ืืืืจืื
ืืืื, ืืขืช ืขืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ื ืงืืืืช ืืงืฆื ืฉื ื-API ืฉืื ื ืืืฃ ื ืงืืืืช ืืงืฆื. ืืืงืจื ืฉืื ื, ื ืงืืืืช ืืงืฆื ืืชืืืืืช ืืืืฉื CRUD (ืงืื, ืคืจืกื, ืฉืื, ืืืง).
ืืืืจ ืืื, ืขืืื ืืืฆืืจ ื ืงืืืช ืงืฆื ืฉื GET AI Quote ืฉืืฆืืื ืฆืืืื ืืงืจืื (ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืจืืจืช ืืืืื) ืื ืืฆืขืช ืืืืจ ืขืืืจ ืืืืื ืฉืฆืืื.
ืืื ืืืฆืืจ ื ืงืืืช ืงืฆื, ืขืืื ืืืืืฅ ืขื ืืคืชืืจ "ืฆืืจ ื ืงืืืช ืงืฆื".
ืื ื ืืืืจืื ืขื ืชืืืื ืื ืขืืืจ ืื ืฉืืจ ื ืงืืืืช ืืงืฆื ืฉื ื-API. ืื ืืื! ืืื ืืื, ืคืจืกืืช ืืช ื-API ืฉืื!
ืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจื, ืืฃ ื-API ืืืจืื ืืขืจื ืื:
ืืกืงื ื
ืืืืืจ ืื ืขืืจื ื ืขื ืืชืืืื ืฉื ืืฆืืจืช ืฉืืจืืช RESTful API ืืฉืื ื ื-Python, ืืื ืขื ืชืืืื ืคืจืกืื ื-API ืืขื ื Heroku ืืืืกืคืชื ืืกืคืจืืืช RapidAPI.
ืืื ืืืจืกืช ืืืืืงื ืืืฆืื ืจืง ืืขืงืจืื ืืช ืืืกืืกืืื ืฉื ืคืืชืื API - ื ืืืื ืกืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืกืืืื ืืช ืชืงืืืช ืืืืจืืืืช ืื ื ืฉืงืื.
ืืืฉืจ ืืคืชืืื ืืืฉืง API ืืืืชื, ืืฉ ืืงืืช ืืช ืื ืื ืืืฉืืื.
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com