ืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื™ ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ. ื’ืจืกืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ื

ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื•. ืื ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืจืฆื•. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ "ืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื™ ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ". ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื™, ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“. ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืกื•ืง. ืื ื™ ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืžื‘ืฆืข ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื, ืืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™.

ืœืฆืขืจื™, ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ืืกื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”. ืื ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœ. ื›ืขืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืฉืžืขืช ืื• ื›ืžื• ืงืœืœื”, ืื• ื›ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืขืฉ, ื—ื•ืœืฉืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื” ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง.

ืื ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืžื— ืฉืœื ื• ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืื‘ืœ, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ืžื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™, ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•. ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื”. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžืœืš ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื ื• (ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืกืจ ืืช ืฉืžื•, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœืชืงืฉืจ). ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืืœื™. ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ - ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื›ืื“ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ, ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืขืžื•ืง. ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื ื‘ื™ื.

ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”, ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื ืงื•ืœื™ื ืก "ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื“ ื ื”ื“ืจ" ืœืงืจื™ืื”, ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ โ€‹โ€‹ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืคืจืง ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” 5. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืขืฉืข ืžื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื”ื™ื” - ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืขืกืงื™.

ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื•ืจืœ, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืจืง ืื“ื ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื” ื›ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš - ืจืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 15 - ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™.

ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื—ืฉ, ื’ื•ืจืœ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื™ - ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื”ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ื "ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื". ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืฉืชื›ื ืข ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“.

ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื, ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช, ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื. ื”ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™, ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืื• ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ. - ืื™ืชืš.

ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืื• ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื”ื ื”ืจื•ื‘. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืžื—ืกื ืื™ื, ื ื”ื’ื™ื, ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื, ืกืคืงื™ื, ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'. - ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชืžื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”. ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื ืขื™ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉืจื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื™ื ื•ืก - ืœื”ื, ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืžื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืชืคืจืง, ืื• ืชืงืฆืฅ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช, ืื• ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื, ื›ื™... ื”ื ื™ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืขื ื”ืคืจืขื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื - ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื.

ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืœืฉืคืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ื. ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืœื“ื•ืŸ, ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืฉื”ื•. ื‘ืฉืงื˜, ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ืขื ื ืฉืžื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืžืืžืฅ ื•ื–ืžืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื”. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ืืœื ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœืš ืžืžื ื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื”, ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœ, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืื•ืชื”.

ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื. ื ื™ืกื—ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ - ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื, ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื, ืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืžื” ื”ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื”. ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืฉื ืžื™ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืžื”ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืืจื“ ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžืชื•ืจื‘ืชืช. ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.

ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื ืงืจืื• ืื—ืจืช. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื• ืืœื”, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื ื ื’ืจื ืžื”ื ื ื–ืง, ื›ื™... ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื ื›ื“ื™... ืœื ืžืฉื ื”. ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื. ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ - ื•ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื•. ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืงืืกื˜ื”.

ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืœื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืฉื ื™. ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช - ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืขื‘ื“ื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื™, ืžื™ื–ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื™ืขืœื, ื›ื•ืœืœ. ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืจื›ื– ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช, ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืขืœื ืจืง ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื” - ื›ืžื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 1941-42. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ.

ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90 ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ - ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืขืœืžื• ืžื”ืกื“ื ืื•ืช. ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืจืง ืืช ื”"ืื—ื™ื" - ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ. ืื‘ืœ, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื‘ืœื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ื™ื“ืจ. ืื‘ืœ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจืง ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื— (ื”ื•ื ื ืขื“ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฃ, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช).
ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื - ืืœื” ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื“ "ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื". ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืคืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืงืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ - ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”"ื ื•ืฉื". ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ืœื” ื ืจื“ืคืช ื”ื’ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืœ"ื ื•ืฉื" ื”ื–ื”. ื”ืžื™ืœื”, ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”, ืœื ืจืขื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื›ื ืกืช ืœื” ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.

ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: ืจืื” "ื ื•ืฉื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™", ืงืจื ื›ืžื” (ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘) ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”"ื ื•ืฉื" (ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืกื˜ืค ื‘ื ื“ืจ ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื—ืžื˜), ื•" ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ "ืžื›ื™ืจื”" ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื—ื•ืฆื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” "ื ื•ืฉืื™ื". ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื ื•, ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื–. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืขืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ื–ื•.
ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”, ื‘ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื›ืขืช. ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ืื™ืชื ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช.

ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืกืžื›ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจืช ISO. ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง. ืืชื” ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืื ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืงื ื™ื: ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื–ื”ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— GOST ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช.

ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ - ืื ืชืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ืชืงื‘ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืงืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื• ืื ืชืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืžืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช? "ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื”, ืชื ืกื” ืงืฉื”, ืชืื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืชืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœืš"? ืื– ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ื”ืคืงื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืจืื™ืชื™.

ืžื” ื–ื” ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช? ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื ืžื›ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ. ืชืงืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฉื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื "ื”ื ื•ืฉื" ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ "ืœืžื›ื•ืจ" ืื•ืชื•.

ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-XNUMX, ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”"ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื" ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืœืœื•. ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืฉืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”"ื ื•ืฉืื™ื" ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืคืขืœ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ - ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงืฉืจื ื• ืื™ืชื, ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•, ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ื ืคืจื“ื ื•. ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-XNUMX, ืื ืฉื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืงื‘ืœื ื™ื.

ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืชืคืกื• ืืช ื”"ื ื•ืฉื" - ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื‘ืœื ื™ืช, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื–ื”, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืื• ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื—ื›ื” - ืœืžืคืขืœ.

ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ 1C. ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ - ืขืœ 1C. ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ื™ื“ืขื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืืš, ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคืขืœ, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื“ืจืฉื• ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ืขืชืง ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ. ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื. ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžืชื›ื ืช 1C ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืขืฆื‘, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืจืืฉื™, ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื™, ืžื ื”ืœ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื•ื›ื•'.

ื•ืื– ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืคืชืื•ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงืกื, ื”ืคื›ื• ืœ-CIO. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื - ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœ-CIO, ื”ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช: ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”"ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื" ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข.

ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ISO. ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ื•, ื—ืฉื• ืคืขื ื‘"ื ื•ืฉื" ื”ื–ื”. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ื›ื”. ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ISO - ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ ืงืฉืจ ืžื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช.

ื”ื–ืžื ื• ื™ื•ืขืฅ, ืžื‘ืงืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื, ืœื™ืžื“, ืขื–ืจ, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—. ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืœืฃ ื™ื•ืจื• ืœื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 2005, ื”ืื™ืจื• ืขืœื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืจื•ื‘ืœ. ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ื”ืืฉ ืฉื ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืืœืฃ ืจื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.

ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ืงืจ. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื - ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืžืขื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื• ื‘"ื ื•ืฉื". ื•ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื–ื‘ื•, ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื - ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช QMS ืื• ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช.

ืขื ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ ISO ืงืจื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ 1C ืœ-CIOs - ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™. ืื• ืžื‘ืงืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืื• ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืื• ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ISO ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืœืงื•ื—. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืื“ื ืฉื—ืฉ ื‘"ื ื•ืฉื".

ื›ืœ "ื ื•ืฉื", ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื”ืฆืžื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื. ื‘ืœื™ ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืื• ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™. ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืื• ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืื• ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืชืงืŸ. ื•ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืœื ืžื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื”ืจื•ืกื™, ืืœื ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื.

ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื ืจืง ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื•ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืžืชืžื›ืจื™ื ืœ"ื ื•ืฉื". ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ, ืคืขื, ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื”ืคืš ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ. ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื›ื, ื•ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืœื“ืจื˜. ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”, ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื—ื“ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื• ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ "ืœืžื›ื•ืจ" ืืช ืขืฆืžื™.

ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืœื— - ื”"ื ื•ืฉื" ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื”"ื ื•ืฉื" ื ืขืœื - ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ, ื–ื” ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืฉื ื” ืื•ืคื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื "ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื". ืื• ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืืช TOC, ื•ืื– ื”ื ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงื“ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ - ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื (ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ), ื•ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช.

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื• TOC ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื Scrum. ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื•. ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ื™ืื” ืœืžื“ืขืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ื’ื ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื’ื ืืœื• ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช. ื›ืขืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื™ืง ืฉืœื•.

ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื. ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•: ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื‘ื ืœืžื ื”ืœ, ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืžืจ - ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš TOC. ืœื, ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืžืื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืกืงืจื•ื. ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜, ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืฉ-TOS ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื, ืขืงื‘ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช. ืœื, ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืžืื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืกืงืจื•ื. ื›ื™ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ืžื™ืขื• ืืช Scrum. ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ - ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื ืชื— ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—. ืœื, ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืžืื™, ืจืง ืกืงืจื•ื.

ืœืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” - ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื, ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื”, ืžื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• Scrum, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื˜ื”... ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืขืชืง ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช.

ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ื”ื™ื• ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกืคื™ืจืช ืกื•ืกื™ื ื›ืืœื”. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ืช Scrum (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื’'ืฃ ืกืืชืจืœื ื“). ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื™ื. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืจืš ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื•. ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ื‘ื—ืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ืžืชืขืจื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื™ื, ืกืžื™ื ืจื™ื, ืกื˜ื ื“-ืืคื™ื, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื˜ื™ื ืกืœ ืื—ืจ - ืจืง ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืชืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœ, ื‘ืœื™ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื "ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื" ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืžื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ืงื• ื‘ื•ื”ืงื•ืช, ืขื ื–ืงืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช.

ืื ืืชื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืงืจื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืคืจื•ื—ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื "ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ". ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื—ืงืจ - ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืงื•ืจ (ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขืช ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื, ืกืคืจื™ื, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช, ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช). ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืกืคืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืกืคืจ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœืกืคืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื‘ืจ.

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ "ื™ืขื™ืœ". ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื–ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”. ื”ืื ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื›ื ืคืขื - ื‘ืืชื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“, ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื ื™ื’ืฉ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืขื–ืจื”. ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื— ืžื”ื™ืจ? ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”? ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื™ืชืš ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ืืชืจ (ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื•), ื•ืžื—ืคืฉ ืฉื.

ื”ืฉื•ื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง - ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื• ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ื–ื” ืกืจื’ื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืจื“ื™ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื• ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืฉื‘ืจ, ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืื• ืงื‘ืœื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื, ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข. ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืจื“ื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืจื’ื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'. ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ืžื• ืœื™ืจื•ื™ ืžืจืœื™ืŸ ืื• ืงืกื˜ื•ืจืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื•, ื•ืœื ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžื”ื—ื ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืจืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื "ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื".

ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืื”ื‘ ืœื”ืชื‘ื“ื— ืขื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•. ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•: ืืชื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื–ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจ. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื•: ืื ืืชื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืœืžืคืขืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžืชื—, ืืชื ืชืœื›ื•! ืกืชื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ, ื ืกื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช - ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื” โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื“ื™ื›ื•ื˜ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืœืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช, ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘? ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ - ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš. ื›ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.

"ื ื•ืฉืื™ื" ืžืฉืชื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื "ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื". ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื "ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื" ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืฆืขืจื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื. ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื—ื• ืื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—.

ืื ื™ ืœื ืคืจื—ื— ื–ืงืŸ ืขืงืฉืŸ ืฉืžืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขื ื›ื•ืœื, ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—. ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื˜ื™ืคื™ื. ืื‘ืœ, ืื‘ื•ื™, ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ื”ื ื ืขืจื™ื ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”.

ืงืจืืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”"ื ื•ืฉืื™ื". ื™ื™ืฉืžืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, Kanban ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืคืชืข ืœืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืืœื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ Taiichi Ohno ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื”, ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืžืœืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžื‘ืฆืขื™. ืžื” ื“ืขืชืš, ื›ืฉืžื ื”ืœ "ื™ืขื™ืœ" ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช Kanban, ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•?

ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืงื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื— ื•ื”ืคืš ืœ... ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”"ื™ืขื™ืœ" ืงืฆืช ื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ, ื—ืฉื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื”ืงื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคืš. ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™ ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืžืื™. ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช - ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืš, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš, ื•ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืฉื ื™. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืจืง ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื.

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื "ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื". ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ืคืขื ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ โ€‹โ€‹ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื• - "ื”ื ืžืขืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ". ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืœื ืกื—ืจ. ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง, ืืœื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื• ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื”. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ืœื ืื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™. ืื– ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜: ืื ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื”, ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ื”ื“ืจ.

ื“ื™ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ืื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื—ืจ ืžื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ื‘ืื™ื ืจืฆื™ื”, ืฉืžืจื ื•ืช, ื—ืกื™ืžืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”"ื™ืขื™ืœ". ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืืกื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”, โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ืจื“ื ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื ืชื•ื•ื›ื—, ื ืืฉื™ื, ื ืžืฆื” ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื–ื•ื– ื”ืฆื™ื“ื” ื•ื ืžืชื™ืŸ.

ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืžื ื”ืœ "ื™ืขื™ืœ" ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• - ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื•ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืจืžืื™. ืื ื—ื ื•, ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœืชืžื•ืš ื•ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื "ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื". ืื ื›ื™, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืœืงืง ืืช ื”ืคืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืžืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”, ื”-CIO. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืชื• ืžืœืš ืจืžื– ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื. ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื™ื“, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ืื‘ืœ ืœื - ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ื”ื ืœื ื—ื™ื›ื• ืœืžืœื›ื™ื ื›ืืœื”.

ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ "ื ื•ืฉื". ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืžืคืขืœ. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”"ื ื•ืฉื" ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชืคื•ืก. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง "ื ื•ืฉื". ืื•ืคื ื”, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื•ื“ื“ืช, ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžืขืœ ืคืจื™ื–. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช ืœืฆืžื—, ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืžืื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืจืง ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืžืœืš "ืœืžื›ื•ืจ" ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.

ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืžื ื”ืœ. ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”. ืืงื— ื›ืžื” ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื˜ืขื. ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

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