ืคืจื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืงื™ื. ืื“ืžืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืžื•ืกื” ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ืฉื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื“ืคืง ืžืžื ื”, ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ - ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื›ืžื• ืืžื. ื”ื—ืœ ื›ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจื— ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื• ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื— ื•ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™, ืžืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืœืš ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืชื—. ืขืœ ื‘ืžืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ืจื—ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ืืจื•ื’ื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื”, ืืš ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื”. ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื• ืจืง ืืžืฆืขื™, ืžื•ืฉื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื˜ืจื”, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืžืฉืœื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืจืง ืœืฉืขืจ, ืื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื˜ื–, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืœื• ืžื™ืœื” - ื—ืœื•ื, ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.

ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื™ื, ืฉืขืฉื• ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“: ื”ื’ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืคื•ืกื˜-ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื ื”ืจืก ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช, ืืš ืœื ืžืžืฆื” ืื•ืชื” ืจืง ื‘ื›ืš: ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ืื™ื ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช - ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื›ืคื™ืฃ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื—.

ืขื ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช - ืืชื’ืจื™ื - ืœืžื•ื“ืจื ื”. ืืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”, ื”ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• - ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื, ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ืคื™ื, ืงืกื, ื‘ื›ืœืœ - ืชืจื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื•. ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืจื•ืคืคืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืง ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื”ื”ื–ื•ื™ ื ืขืฉื” ื“ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืจื˜ืœ, ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื—ืจ ืžืกืขื, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื” ืžื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ, ืœื•ื›ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงื• ื”ืžืชืืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืชื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื—ืง ืฉืœื”ื, ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื˜ื•ื™ื™ืช. ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ืจ, ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืชืช-ืชืจื‘ื•ืช (ืขืœ) ืžืœื’ืœื’ืช ื•ืžื ื•ืชืงืช.

ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื• - ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืคืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืื ืจื›ื™, ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื. ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืคืœื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฆืื” ืืช ืื—ื“ื•ืชื”, ืžืจื›ื– ืžืฉืœื”, ื ืชื™ื‘ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืžืฉืœื”, ื’ื“ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืชื•ืคืกืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ื, ืกืคื’ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื“ืžื”, ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. . ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื˜ื‘ืขื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช. ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื–ื• ืžืขื•ื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื”, ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืจืฆื™ื”, ื”ืŸ ื™ื˜ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœืื‘ืง - ืคืกื•ืœืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืฉืš ืœื”ืคืงื” ืื—ืจืช, ืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช - ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืœืคืช ื‘ื”ืขืžืงื”, "ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช". ืžืคืชื—ืช ืื•ืชื” ืื“ืžื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื•ืชืจื” ืื“ืžื” ื—ืจื•ื›ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”, ืœืœื ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืœื ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื™ื“ืข) ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื "ื—ื™ื™ื".

ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช - ืขื ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX, ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืช ื”ืคื•ื–ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ (ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ืงื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื‘ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช). , ืขื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื: ืžืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืžืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืคืข ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ: ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช (ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื; ื”ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช) ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“. ื”ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืขืฆืžื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ืžืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื.

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื - ื ืฉืื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช - ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื•ื‘"ืฉืขืžื•ื ืงื™ื•ืžื™", ืืฉืจ, ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืื“ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“/ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืขืžืช ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”. ื–ื”, ื›ืžื‘ื ื”-ืขืœ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืกืžืœ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื, ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื‘ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ืื“ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื–ื”: ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืชื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืžื•ืœื•, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.

ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื•ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ืืš ื ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ. ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื‘ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืกืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™) ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื• ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™. ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš: ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื“ื™ื - ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื• (1). ื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” "ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ" ื•"ืœื”ื™ืฆืžื“ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื”" ื ื—ืœืฉ. ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ - ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื–ื”. ื™ืฉื ื” "ืžืœืื›ืช ื™ื“" ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื”ืžืชื ื’ืฉืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื - ื”" ืžื‘ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืชื™" ื ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื•ืคื•ืก ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.

(1) ื—ืœืงื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœ.

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืื•ืช ื”-XNUMX โ€“ ื”-XNUMX, ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื™ื—ืกื™ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื - ืืœื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืจืก, ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื•, ืื“ื ืžื ืงื” ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืš ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืฆื‘ืข ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื—ืจื™ืฃ, ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื. ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืฃ, ื•ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืคืขืจ, ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื›ืื—ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืข.

ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื”. ื”ื - ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื - ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช - ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื, ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืื–ืŸ ืื“ื ืจืขื•ืข. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืคื ืื™. ืื“ื ืžืฉื•ืขืžื ื˜ืงืกื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ("ืื“ื ืžืฉื•ืขืžื", "ื—ื™ื” ืฉืžืฉืขืžืžืช"), "ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื-ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™", ืžื ื•ื›ืจ ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช ืžื›ื•ืจื—, ืžื•ื ืข ืœื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•, ืžื ื•ืชืง ื•ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœ, ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืžื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™, ืžื—ื›ื” ืœ"ื”ื›ืœ". ื–ื” ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื." ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงืกืžื™ื, ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืื“ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœื• - ื“ืœืง ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ื›ื ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืจืžืื™: ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ื•ืจื, ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืคืจืš ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื–ืงื•ืคื” ืžืชืงืจื‘, ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฆื—, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช - ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื "ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžื“ื™" ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš. ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื–ื” - ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจืš, ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื—ืœืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื”, ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™, ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืงืจื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ืื–, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื“ื, ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช, ืฉื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื, ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ, ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืคื ืื˜ื™, ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื? ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืžืœืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื“ ืืคืก ืžืงื•ื.

ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช. ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื—, ื”ื™ื ืžื ืกื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ - ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืงื ืื•ืช, ืžืคืงืคืงื•ืช, ืžืชืื‘ื ื•ืช, ืœื•ื—ืฉื•ืช ืžื ื™ืคืกื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืฉืจ, ืงื•ืคืฆืช ื›ืžื•. ืžืฉื ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื. ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืฉื•ื–ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื ืคืฉื™ืช. ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื–ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.

ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืขื‘ืจ, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ื•. ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™, ืขื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืœืžื“ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื”. ืชื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื! ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš. ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืจืš ืื ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืžื•ืฆื ืขืœ ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ.

ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืช ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืžืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืงื•ืคื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื ืืžืŸ, ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื. ืฉืชื™ืงื”, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“, ื ื™ืชื•ืง, ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ. ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช, ืจื•ื›ืฉืช ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื”ืชืžืงื ื‘ืฆืžืจืช, ืื ื›ื™ ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ื•ืช. ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื—ืœื™ืงื” ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื ื˜ื™ืฉื” ื”ื›ืคื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืœื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืœื ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ื—ืœืฉื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืจืฆื•ืคืช ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืคืขืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื“ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืžืฆื ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ, ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื’ื™ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืคื ืื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืจื—ื•ืง, ื–ื” ืžื•ืœ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื ื ื“ื—ืงืช ืœืคื™ื ื”, ืจื•ื›ืฉืช ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื“ื”ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช.

ื”ืืžื ื•ืช - ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช - ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” - ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื•ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืฉื ืžืชื ืฉื, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืฆื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืขืžืงื™ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื - "ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง", ื”ืžืืชื’ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”. ืชื™ื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ: ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื•ืคื’ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช; ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (2). ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ ืืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื•ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช.

(2) ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•. ื›ืืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.

ื”"ืื™ื›ื•ืช" ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืชืžืžืฉืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ืจ, ืœื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™, ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื” ืœื–ื” - ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™. ื‘ืฆื™ื™ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื ื™ืคืกื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื“ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ื›ืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”. ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืœื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืช ืžื’ื•ืฉืžืช, ืืœื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื—ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ืช - ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื”ืžืกืžืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.

ื”ืจืงืข ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืืจื™ื ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ืžื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืงื™ื: ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื™ื, ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื“ื”-ื”ื•ืžื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“. ืžืชืื™ื ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื•. ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืื“ื - ืื•ืชื” ืื“ืžื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืœื” "ื”ื›ืœ". ืœื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืกื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื ืžื ืข ืžืขืฆืžื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืง ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœืงื•ืจื. ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกื›ื•ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืงื•ืช ืœืžื•ื•ืช, ืขืจื›ื™ ื›ื™ืžืจื”, ืชืกื™ืกืช ืžื™ื“ืข, ื”ื—ื™ื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื“ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•, ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ื–ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืื ื• ืฆื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื‘ื•ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืžืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื”ื—ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืชื™ืจื”, ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื›ื–ื•.

ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข, ื”ื›ืœ ืื–ืœ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœืช ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื‘ื•ื. ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื - ื™ื•ืคื™, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช - ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืคืขื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ืœืคืงื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืชื ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื–ืงืŸ ื—ื›ื ืžื•ืกืชืจื™ื ืืš ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืืœื™ื• ื ืชืœื• ืชืงื•ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืฆื ืžืžื—ื‘ื•ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืื—ื“, ื”ืคืš ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.

ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ื›ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืืคื™ืกื˜ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืืชื™ื•ืช-ืืกืชื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื›ื ื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ืช ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฆืขื“ื• ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื–ื”. ื ื“ืจืฉื” ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื”(3) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื - ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ื–ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ืคื ืื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืจื“ ืœื•ื—ืžื ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื ืจื“ืฃ ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื•ืชืงื•ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืขืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืขื ืื—ืช, ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ "ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง" ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉืœื˜ืขืžื ื• ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื. ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื ืืช ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื• (4). ืชืงื•ื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื”ืคืงื” ื–ื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจ ืœืื•ืคื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื. ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื” ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื ื–ืจืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืจื‘-ืžืžื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ (ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”), ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืžื—ืงื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืžื ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. , ื›ืขืช ืžื•ืฆืขืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช (ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช) ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื "ื™ืฆื“ื™ืง" ืื• ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืื” ื”-XNUMX. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื ื•, ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”. ืื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ืชื•ืกืคืช, ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”, ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” - ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฆื— - ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืจื• ืื—ืจืช. ืชืงื•ื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ื—, ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืง ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื™ืชืคื•ืก ื‘ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืื“ื ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ ืœืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช - ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืœืœื™ื•ืช ืชืช-ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.

(3) ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื’ืข ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืžื“ืข-ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”.
(4) ืžืขื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ, ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ืจื–, ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืคืจื™ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. , ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืืฉืจ, ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ืžืคืจื™ืข ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืจืžืช ื”ืคื™ืงื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.

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ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืืคื•ื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืš - "ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ" ื“ืจืš ื”ืืฉืœื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืจื‘-ื’ื•ื ื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื“ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ื•ื - ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื“ื - ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื™ืง, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื—ืคืฉืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืกื™ืกืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ืžื“ื—ื™ืงื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืจืงืข, ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืคื™ืจื•ืง, ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืฆื ื“ื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ืฆื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืคืขื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื) โ€“ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื”ืจื•ืก, ืื ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืกืคื™. ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื›ืกืฃ. ืื ื—ื ื•, ืฉื ื“ื—ืคื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืกืคื™, ืžืกื›ืžื™ื: ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื— ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื” ืจื•ื— ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืกืคื™. ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืช ืžื™ื“ืข, ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ืœื ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช (ื‘ืจื•ื— ืงืคืงื) ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœื•. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื• (ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”) ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื–ืจื”. ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ืจื•ื— ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ื” ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจืจื•ืช, ื”ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช (ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ื”ืงืœืืกื™), ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ, ื›ืš ื ืจืื”, ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ. ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ืฉืœื” โ€“ ืืžื ื ื ืกืชืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ืคืจื•ืก ื›ืืŸ.

"ืื™ื›ื•ืช" ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— -, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช, ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžื˜ืจื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืืžืฆืขื™. ื›ื”ืฆืขื”, ืคืจื™ืกื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืœืงืจืืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืคื ื•ืžื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ืœืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืฆื— ื•ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงืกื•ื. ื›ืžื• ืฆื•ืจืฃ ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ, ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืชืคืก ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืก, ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืื“ืžื•ืช, ืžื•ื ืข ืžื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืกืคื•ืก ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™. ื”ื‘ืจืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื—ืฉืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืขื ืง, ืฉืงืฆื”ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ืื’ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืคื’ืฉ. ื”ืืชื’ืจ - ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื - ืฉืžื˜ื™ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื›ืŸ.

ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX, ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžืชื›ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื“ืจื›ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข - ืชื—ื•ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืœื ื•, ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจ, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื - ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžืชื™ื. ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื–ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื, ืฉืœ ืคืกืœื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืจืฉืชื™ (ื”ืžืงื“ืžื”) ืขื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ, ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื”, ืคื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืชืžื•ืกืกื• ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช. ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช, ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืคืื™ื ืื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช, ืคื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืœืœื ื‘ื™ืช, ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ื— ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืงื™ื•ืžื™, ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื›ื›ื–ื•. ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื”ื ื™ืจืฉื•, ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ืขื“. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ื”ืฉืชื ื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื ื›ืชื‘.

ืื“ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื•, ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืืช ื”"ืื ื™" ืฉืœื•, ื ืจืฉื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืง, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืขืœ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื•, ืขืœ ืื™-ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉืœื• ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื“ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• - ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจ ืกื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื ืกืชืจ. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื˜ืขื ืจืข. ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืกื ืœ ืžืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ื, ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ื ืื“ื ืžืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ ื•ืžื“ืขื™, ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื—ื•, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉ"ื–ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข" ืชืžื™ื“ ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•. ืชืงื•ื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ื—ื™ืง ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ืงืกื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืจืขื ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื-ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืžื‘ื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆืžืื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื‘ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ืคื’ื•ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืจื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื”, ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“, ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื, ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื”ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื” ื”-Machine ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื“ืขื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจ. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืœืื™ ื”ืื•ื•ื ื’ืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืžื•ืกืก, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™, ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™: ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœื ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช, ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืžื• ืคืขื, ืื“ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ืคืช ืžื™ื ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืฃื ื‘ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื™ืช ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืงื•ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืขืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืกืœื•ื ื™ื ื ืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืงืช ืžื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื ืจืžืกืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื“, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื•, ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ื•ื ื’ืจื“ื™ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืืœ ื”ืื•ืคืง ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื—ืกืจื™ ืชืงื“ื™ื, ื‘ืœืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื.

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