ืืคื ื ืืกืคืจ ืืืื, ืืืืืชื ืืืฆืข ืื ืืกื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืงืืฉืื ืฉื ืื ืชื ืฉืื ืืืืฆืขืืช binwalk.
ืงื ืืชื ืืขืฆืื
ืืื ืคืขื ืฉืื ื ืงืื ื ื ืชื ืืืฉ, ืื ื ืืชืงืื
ืืืืจ ืฉืืืจืืชื ืืช OpenWRT, ืื ืื ื
ืื ืื binwalk?
ื ืืฆืจ ืืฉื ืช 2010 ืขื ืืื ืงืจืืื ืืคื ืจ, binwalk ืืืื ืืกืจืืง ืชืืื ืืช ืงืืฉืื ืืืืฆืื ืงืืฆืื, ืืืืืช ืืืืืฅ ืชืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืขืจืืช ืงืืฆืื, ืงืื ืืคืขืื, ืืจืืืื ืื ืืืืกืื, ืืืืจื ืืชืืื ืืงืจื ืืื, ืคืืจืืืื ืฉื ืงืืฆืื ืืืื JPEG ื-PDF ืืขืื ืืจืื ืืืชืจ.
ืืชื ืืืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ื-binwalk ืืื ืืืฆืข ืื ืืกื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืงืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืขืืื. ืืคืฉ ืืงืืฆืื ืืื ืืจืื ืคืืืขืืืืช, ืืืฅ ืงืืฆืื ืืืคืฉ ืืืชืืช ืืืืจืืืช ืื ืืืฉืืจืื ืืืืืืืืื. ืืชื ืืืื ืื ืืืฆืื opcodes
ืขืืืจ ืืืืจื ืฉื ืืขืืืื ืฉืื ืื.
ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืฅ ืชืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืขืจืืช ืงืืฆืื ืืื ืืืคืฉ ืงืืฆื ืกืืกืืืืช ืกืคืฆืืคืืื (passwd, shadow ืืื') ืืื ืกืืช ืืฉืืืจ ืืืืื ืกืืกืื. ื ืืชื ืืืฆืข ื ืืชืื ืืื ืืจื ืืื ืฉื ื ืงืืฆืื ืื ืืืชืจ. ืืชื ืืืื ืืืฆืข ื ืืชืื ืื ืืจืืคืื ืขื ื ืชืื ืื ืืื ืืืคืฉ ื ืชืื ืื ืืืืกืื ืื ืืคืชืืืช ืืฆืคื ื ืืงืืืืื. ืื ืืืช ืืื ืฆืืจื ืืืืฉื ืืงืื ืืืงืืจ.
ืืืืคื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืฉืืชื ืฆืจืื ื ืืฆื ืฉื :)
ืืื ืขืืื binwalk?
ืืืืคืืื ืืขืืงืจื ืฉื binwalk ืืื ืกืจืืงืช ืืืชืืื ืฉืื. Binwalk ืืืืื ืืกืจืืง ืืช ืชืืื ืช ืืงืืฉืื ืืื ืืืคืฉ ืกืืื ืงืืฆืื ืืืื ืื ืืืขืจืืืช ืงืืฆืื ืฉืื ืืช.
ืืื ืืชื ืืืืจ ืืช ืืื ืืฉืืจืืช ืฉื ืฉืืจืช ืืคืงืืื file
?
file /bin/bash
/bin/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/l, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, BuildID[sha1]=12f73d7a8e226c663034529c8dd20efec22dde54, stripped
ืงืืืฆื file
ืืกืชืื ืขื ืืืชืจืช ืืงืืืฅ ืืืืคืฉ ืืชืืื (ืืกืคืจ ืงืกื) ืืื ืืงืืืข ืืช ืกืื ืืงืืืฅ. ืืืืืื, ืื ืืงืืืฅ ืืชืืื ืืจืฆืฃ ืฉื ืืชืื 0x89 0x50 0x4E 0x47 0x0D 0x0A 0x1A 0x0A
, ืืื ืืืืข ืฉืื ืงืืืฅ PNG. ืขึทื
Binwalk ืขืืื ืืืืชื ืืืคื. ืืื ืืืงืื ืืืคืฉ ืืชืืืืช ืจืง ืืชืืืืช ืืงืืืฅ, binwalk ืืกืจืืง ืืช ืื ืืงืืืฅ. ืื ืืกืฃ, binwalk ืืืื ืืืืฅ ืงืืฆืื ืฉื ืืฆืืื ืืชืืื ื.
ืืื ืขืืืื file
ะธ binwalk
ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืกืคืจืืื libmagic
ืืืืืื ืืชืืืืช ืงืืฆืื. ืืื binwalk
ืชืืื ืื ืืกืฃ ืืจืฉืืื ืฉื ืืชืืืืช ืงืกื ืืืชืืืืช ืืืฉืืช ืืืืคืืฉ ืงืืฆืื ืืืืกืื/ืืืืืฆืื, ืืืชืจืืช ืงืืฉืื, ืืจืขืื ื ืืื ืืงืก, ืืืขื ื ืืชืืื, ืืขืจืืืช ืงืืฆืื ืืื ืืืื.
ืืื ื ืขืฉื ืงืฆืช ืืืฃ?
ืืชืงื ืช Binwalk
Binwalk ื ืชืื ืืืกืคืจ ืคืืืคืืจืืืช ืืืื Linux, OSX, FreeBSD ื-Windows.
ืืื ืืืชืงืื ืืช ืืืจืกื ืืืืจืื ื ืฉื binwalk ืืชื ืืืื
ื-Binwalk ืืฉ ืืจืื ืคืจืืืจืื ืฉืื ืื:
$ binwalk
Binwalk v2.2.0
Craig Heffner, ReFirmLabs
https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk
Usage: binwalk [OPTIONS] [FILE1] [FILE2] [FILE3] ...
Signature Scan Options:
-B, --signature Scan target file(s) for common file signatures
-R, --raw=<str> Scan target file(s) for the specified sequence of bytes
-A, --opcodes Scan target file(s) for common executable opcode signatures
-m, --magic=<file> Specify a custom magic file to use
-b, --dumb Disable smart signature keywords
-I, --invalid Show results marked as invalid
-x, --exclude=<str> Exclude results that match <str>
-y, --include=<str> Only show results that match <str>
Extraction Options:
-e, --extract Automatically extract known file types
-D, --dd=<type:ext:cmd> Extract <type> signatures, give the files an extension of <ext>, and execute <cmd>
-M, --matryoshka Recursively scan extracted files
-d, --depth=<int> Limit matryoshka recursion depth (default: 8 levels deep)
-C, --directory=<str> Extract files/folders to a custom directory (default: current working directory)
-j, --size=<int> Limit the size of each extracted file
-n, --count=<int> Limit the number of extracted files
-r, --rm Delete carved files after extraction
-z, --carve Carve data from files, but don't execute extraction utilities
-V, --subdirs Extract into sub-directories named by the offset
Entropy Options:
-E, --entropy Calculate file entropy
-F, --fast Use faster, but less detailed, entropy analysis
-J, --save Save plot as a PNG
-Q, --nlegend Omit the legend from the entropy plot graph
-N, --nplot Do not generate an entropy plot graph
-H, --high=<float> Set the rising edge entropy trigger threshold (default: 0.95)
-L, --low=<float> Set the falling edge entropy trigger threshold (default: 0.85)
Binary Diffing Options:
-W, --hexdump Perform a hexdump / diff of a file or files
-G, --green Only show lines containing bytes that are the same among all files
-i, --red Only show lines containing bytes that are different among all files
-U, --blue Only show lines containing bytes that are different among some files
-u, --similar Only display lines that are the same between all files
-w, --terse Diff all files, but only display a hex dump of the first file
Raw Compression Options:
-X, --deflate Scan for raw deflate compression streams
-Z, --lzma Scan for raw LZMA compression streams
-P, --partial Perform a superficial, but faster, scan
-S, --stop Stop after the first result
General Options:
-l, --length=<int> Number of bytes to scan
-o, --offset=<int> Start scan at this file offset
-O, --base=<int> Add a base address to all printed offsets
-K, --block=<int> Set file block size
-g, --swap=<int> Reverse every n bytes before scanning
-f, --log=<file> Log results to file
-c, --csv Log results to file in CSV format
-t, --term Format output to fit the terminal window
-q, --quiet Suppress output to stdout
-v, --verbose Enable verbose output
-h, --help Show help output
-a, --finclude=<str> Only scan files whose names match this regex
-p, --fexclude=<str> Do not scan files whose names match this regex
-s, --status=<int> Enable the status server on the specified port
ืกืจืืงืช ืชืืื ื
ื ืชืืื ืืืืคืืฉ ืืชืืืืช ืงืืฆืื ืืชืื ืืชืืื ื (ืชืืื ื ืืืืชืจ
ืืคืขืืช binwalk ืขื ืืคืจืืืจ --signature:
$ binwalk --signature --term archer-c7.bin
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21876 0x5574 U-Boot version string, "U-Boot 1.1.4-g4480d5f9-dirty (May
20 2019 - 18:45:16)"
21940 0x55B4 CRC32 polynomial table, big endian
23232 0x5AC0 uImage header, header size: 64 bytes, header CRC:
0x386C2BD5, created: 2019-05-20 10:45:17, image size:
41162 bytes, Data Address: 0x80010000, Entry Point:
0x80010000, data CRC: 0xC9CD1E38, OS: Linux, CPU: MIPS,
image type: Firmware Image, compression type: lzma, image
name: "u-boot image"
23296 0x5B00 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D, dictionary size:
8388608 bytes, uncompressed size: 97476 bytes
64968 0xFDC8 XML document, version: "1.0"
78448 0x13270 uImage header, header size: 64 bytes, header CRC:
0x78A267FF, created: 2019-07-26 07:46:14, image size:
1088500 bytes, Data Address: 0x80060000, Entry Point:
0x80060000, data CRC: 0xBB9D4F94, OS: Linux, CPU: MIPS,
image type: Multi-File Image, compression type: lzma,
image name: "MIPS OpenWrt Linux-3.3.8"
78520 0x132B8 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x6D, dictionary size:
8388608 bytes, uncompressed size: 3164228 bytes
1167013 0x11CEA5 Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0,
compression:xz, size: 14388306 bytes, 2541 inodes,
blocksize: 65536 bytes, created: 2019-07-26 07:51:38
15555328 0xED5B00 gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: 2019-07-26
07:51:41
ืืขืช ืืฉ ืื ื ืืืืข ืจื ืขื ืืชืืื ื ืืื.
ืฉืืืืฉืื ืืชืืื ื 0x5AC0
ืืชืืื ืช ืืชืืื ืืืืกื ื- 0x5B00
). ืืืชืืกืก ืขื ืืืชืจืช uImage ื-0x13270, ืื ื ืืืืขืื ืฉืืจืืืืงืืืจืช ืืืขืื ืืื MIPS ืืงืจื ื ืืืื ืืงืก ืืื ืืจืกื 3.3.8. ืืขื ืกืื ืืชืืื ื ืฉื ืืฆืื ืืืชืืืช 0x11CEA5
, ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืจืืืช ืืช ืื rootfs
ืืื ืืขืจืืช ืงืืฆืื squashfs
.
ืืขืช ื ืืืฅ ืืช ืืืขื ืืืชืืื (U-Boot) ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืคืงืืื dd
:
$ dd if=archer-c7.bin of=u-boot.bin.lzma bs=1 skip=23296 count=41162
41162+0 records in
41162+0 records out
41162 bytes (41 kB, 40 KiB) copied, 0,0939608 s, 438 kB/s
ืืืืืื ืฉืืชืืื ื ื ืืืกืช ืืืืฆืขืืช LZMA, ืขืืื ื ืืคืจืง ืืืชื:
$ unlzma u-boot.bin.lzma
ืขืืฉืื ืืฉ ืื ื ืชืืื ืช U-Boot:
$ ls -l u-boot.bin
-rw-rw-r-- 1 sprado sprado 97476 Fev 5 08:48 u-boot.bin
ืื ืืขืชื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืขืจื ืืจืืจืช ืืืืื ืขืืืจ bootargs
?
$ strings u-boot.bin | grep bootargs
bootargs
bootargs=console=ttyS0,115200 board=AP152 rootfstype=squashfs init=/etc/preinit mtdparts=spi0.0:128k(factory-uboot),192k(u-boot),64k(ART),1536k(uImage),14464k@0x1e0000(rootfs) mem=128M
ืืฉืชื ื ืกืืืืช U-Boot bootargs
ืืฉืืฉ ืืืขืืจืช ืคืจืืืจืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืงืก. ืืืืืืืจ ืืขืื, ืืฉ ืื ื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืืจืื ืืคืืืฉ ืฉื ืืืืฉืืจ.
ืื ืืขืชื ืืืืฅ ืืช ืชืืื ืช ืืืืช ืืื ืืงืก?
$ dd if=archer-c7.bin of=uImage bs=1 skip=78448 count=1088572
1088572+0 records in
1088572+0 records out
1088572 bytes (1,1 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 1,68628 s, 646 kB/s
ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืืืง ืฉืืชืืื ื ืืืืฆื ืืืฆืืื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืคืงืืื file
:
$ file uImage
uImage: u-boot legacy uImage, MIPS OpenWrt Linux-3.3.8, Linux/MIPS, Multi-File Image (lzma), 1088500 bytes, Fri Jul 26 07:46:14 2019, Load Address: 0x80060000, Entry Point: 0x80060000, Header CRC: 0x78A267FF, Data CRC: 0xBB9D4F94
ืคืืจืื ืืงืืืฅ uImage ืืื ืืขืฆื ืชืืื ืช ืืืืช ืืื ืืงืก ืขื ืืืชืจืช ื ืืกืคืช. ืืืื ื ืกืืจ ืืช ืืืืชืจืช ืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืช ืชืืื ืช ืืืืช ืืื ืืงืก ืืกืืคืืช:
$ dd if=uImage of=Image.lzma bs=1 skip=72
1088500+0 records in
1088500+0 records out
1088500 bytes (1,1 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 1,65603 s, 657 kB/s
ืืชืืื ื ืืืืกื, ืื ืืืื ื ืคืจืง ืืืชื:
$ unlzma Image.lzma
ืขืืฉืื ืืฉ ืื ื ืชืืื ืช ืืืืช ืืื ืืงืก:
$ ls -la Image
-rw-rw-r-- 1 sprado sprado 3164228 Fev 5 10:51 Image
ืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืขื ืชืืื ืช ืืงืจื ื? ื ืืื, ืืืฉื, ืืืฆืข ืืืคืืฉ ืืืจืืืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืืฆืื ืืช ืืืจืกื ืฉื ืืืืช ืืื ืืงืก ืืืืืื ืขื ืืกืืืื ืืืฉืืฉืช ืืื ืืืช ืืงืจื ื:
$ strings Image | grep "Linux version"
Linux version 3.3.8 (leo@leo-MS-7529) (gcc version 4.6.3 20120201 (prerelease) (Linaro GCC 4.6-2012.02) ) #1 Mon May 20 18:53:02 CST 2019
ืืืจืืช ืฉืืงืืฉืื ืฉืืืจืจื ืืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื (2019), ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืชื ืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืฉืช ืืืจืกื ืืฉื ื ืฉื ืืืืช ืืื ืืงืก (3.3.8) ืฉืคืืจืกืื ื-2012, ืืืืืจืืช ืขื ืืจืกื ืืฉื ื ืืืื ืฉื GCC (4.6) ืื ืืื 2012 !
(ืืขืจื ืชืจืืื. ืืื ืืชื ืขืืืื ืกืืื ืขื ืื ืชืืื ืฉืื ืืืฉืจื ืืืืืช?)
ืขื ืืืคืฆืื --opcodes
ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ื-binwalk ืืื ืืืคืฉ ืืืจืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืงืืืข ืืช ืืจืืืืงืืืจืช ืืืขืื ืฉื ืืชืืื ื:
$ binwalk --opcodes Image
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2400 0x960 MIPS instructions, function epilogue
2572 0xA0C MIPS instructions, function epilogue
2828 0xB0C MIPS instructions, function epilogue
ืื ืืืื ืืขืจืืช ืงืืฆื ืืฉืืจืฉ? ืืืงืื ืืืืฅ ืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืืคื ืืื ื, ืืืื ื ืฉืชืืฉ ืืืคืฉืจืืช binwalk --extract
:
$ binwalk --extract --quiet archer-c7.bin
ืืขืจืืช ืงืืฆื ืืฉืืจืฉ ืืืืื ืชืืืืฅ ืืกืคืจืืืช ืืฉื ื:
$ cd _archer-c7.bin.extracted/squashfs-root/
$ ls
bin dev etc lib mnt overlay proc rom root sbin sys tmp usr var www
$ cat etc/banner
MM NM MMMMMMM M M
$MMMMM MMMMM MMMMMMMMMMM MMM MMM
MMMMMMMM MM MMMMM. MMMMM:MMMMMM: MMMM MMMMM
MMMM= MMMMMM MMM MMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMMMM MMMM MMMMM'
MMMM= MMMMM MMMM MM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMNMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMM, NMMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMM$ ,MMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMM MMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMMMMM: MMMMMMM M MMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMM MMMMMMM
MMMMMM MMMMN M MMMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMM M MMMMMMM M M
M
---------------------------------------------------------------
For those about to rock... (%C, %R)
---------------------------------------------------------------
ืขืืฉืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืจืื ืืืจืื ืฉืื ืื.
ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืคืฉ ืงืืฆื ืชืฆืืจื, ืืืืื ืกืืกืืืืช, ืืคืชืืืช ืงืจืืคืืืืจืคืืื ืืชืขืืืืช ืืืืืืืืืช. ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืชื ืงืืฆืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืขืืืจ
ืขื
$ ls
bin dev etc lib mnt overlay proc rom root sbin sys tmp usr var www
$ cp /usr/bin/qemu-mips-static .
$ sudo chroot . ./qemu-mips-static bin/busybox
BusyBox v1.19.4 (2019-05-20 18:13:49 CST) multi-call binary.
Copyright (C) 1998-2011 Erik Andersen, Rob Landley, Denys Vlasenko
and others. Licensed under GPLv2.
See source distribution for full notice.
Usage: busybox [function] [arguments]...
or: busybox --list[-full]
or: function [arguments]...
BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
utilities into a single executable. Most people will create a
link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
will act like whatever it was invoked as.
Currently defined functions:
[, [[, addgroup, adduser, arping, ash, awk, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, cmp, cp, crond, crontab, cut, date, dd, delgroup, deluser, dirname, dmesg, echo, egrep, env, expr, false,
fgrep, find, free, fsync, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hexdump, hostid, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, kill, killall, klogd, ln, lock, logger, ls, lsmod, mac_addr, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp,
mount, mv, nice, passwd, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, readlink, reboot, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, sed, seq, sh, sleep, sort, start-stop-daemon, strings,
switch_root, sync, sysctl, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp, time, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, udhcpc, umount, uname, uniq, uptime, vconfig, vi, watchdog, wc, wget, which, xargs, yes, zcat
ืืืื! ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืจืกืช BusyBox ืืื 1.19.4. ืืืื ืืจืกื ืืฉื ื ืืืื ืฉื BusyBox, ืฉืืืจืจ ืืืคืจืื 2012.
ืื TP-Link ืืฉืืจืจืช ืชืืื ืช ืงืืฉืื ื-2019 ืืืืฆืขืืช ืชืืื ื (ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืืืื ืฉื GCC, ืืืื, BusyBox ืืื') ืืฉื ืช 2012!
ืขืืฉืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืชืืื ืืชืงืื ืืช OpenWRT ืขื ืื ืชืืื ืฉืื?
ืื ืื ืืื
Binwalk ืืืื ืื ืืืฆืข ื ืืชืื ืื ืืจืืคืื, ืืืืคืืก ื ืชืื ื ืื ืืจืืคืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืืจืคื ืื ืืจืืคืื. ืืืจื ืืื, ืื ืืจืืคืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ื ืฆืคืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืชืื ืืชืืื ื ืื ืืงืจืืืื. ืคืืจืืฉ ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืชืืื ื ืืืืื ืงืืืฅ ืืืฆืคื, ืืืืก ืื ืืขืืจืคื. ืืคืชื ืืฆืคื ื ืืืจืืงืืจ? ืืื ืื.
ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืคืจืืืจ --raw
ืืื ืืืฆืื ืจืฆืฃ ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืืชืื ืืืฉืืช ืืชืืื ื ืื ืืคืจืืืจ --hexdump
ืืื ืืืฆืข dump hex ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืงืืฆื ืงืื ืื ืืืชืจ.
--magic
, ืื ืขื ืืื ืืืกืคืชื ืืกืคืจืืื $ HOME / .config / binwalk / magic
.
ืชืืื ืืืฆืื ืืืืข ื ืืกืฃ ืขื binwalk ืืืชืืืช
ืืจืืืช binwalk
ืืฉ
import binwalk
binwalk.scan()
ืืืืฆืขืืช ื-API ืฉื Python ืืชื ืืืื ืื ืืืฆืืจ
ืงืืื ืื
ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืชืืจืื ืืช ืชืืื ืช ืืงืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืจื ื ืืชื ืกื ืืช binwalk? ืื ื ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืื :)
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com