25 幎 1991 æ 21 æ¥ã1.08 ãæã®éçºæéãçµãŠã1.40 æ³ã®åŠç Linus Torvalds ã comp.os.minix ãã¥ãŒã¹ã°ã«ãŒãã§ãæ°ãã Linux ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã° ã·ã¹ãã ã®å®çšçãªãããã¿ã€ãã®äœæãçºè¡šããŸãããããã«ã¯ bash ã®ããŒããå®æããŸããã 17 ãš gcc 0.0.1 ãèšé²ãããŸããã Linux ã«ãŒãã«ã®æåã®å ¬éãªãªãŒã¹ã¯ 62 æ 10 æ¥ã«çºè¡šãããŸããã ã«ãŒãã« 30 ã®ãµã€ãºã¯å§çž®åœ¢åŒã§ 2010 KB ã§ãçŽ 13 è¡ã®ãœãŒã¹ ã³ãŒããå«ãŸããŠããŸããã ææ°ã® Linux ã«ãŒãã«ã«ã¯ 3 äžè¡ãè¶ ããã³ãŒãããããŸãã 欧å·é£åãå§èšãã XNUMX 幎ã®èª¿æ»ã«ãããšãææ°ã® Linux ã«ãŒãã«ãšåæ§ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãããŒãããéçºããå Žåã®æŠç®ã³ã¹ãã¯ââãXNUMX åç±³ãã«ä»¥äžã«ãªããŸã (ã«ãŒãã«ã®ã³ãŒãè¡æ°ã XNUMX äžè¡ã®å Žåã«èšç®ãããŸãã)ãä»ã®æšå®ã«ãããš - XNUMXå以äž
Linux ã«ãŒãã«ã¯ MINIX ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã° ã·ã¹ãã ããã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãåŸããã®ã§ããããLinus ã¯ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ãéãããŠããããããã奜ã¿ãŸããã§ããã ãã®åŸãLinux ãæåãªãããžã§ã¯ãã«ãªããšãæªæã®ãã人ã ã Linus ãããã€ãã® MINIX ãµãã·ã¹ãã ã®ã³ãŒããçŽæ¥ã³ããŒãããšããŠéé£ããããšããŸããã ãã®æ»æã¯ãMINIX ã®äœè ã§ãã Andrew Tanenbaum ã«ãã£ãŠæéãããŸããã圌ã¯ã圌ã®åŠçã® XNUMX 人ã«ãMinix ã³ãŒããš Linux ã®æåã®å ¬éããŒãžã§ã³ã®è©³çŽ°ãªæ¯èŒãäŸé ŒããŸããã 調æ»ã®çµæãPOSIX ããã³ ANSI C ã®èŠä»¶ã«ãããã³ãŒã ãããã¯ã®éèŠã§ãªãäžèŽã XNUMX ã€ã ãååšããããšãããããŸããã
Linus ã¯åœåããããªãŒãããããªãŒã¯ããããã³ X (Unix) ãšããèšèãããã«ãŒãã«ã Freax ãšåŒã¶ããšãèããŠããŸããã ãããããLinuxããšããååãã«ãŒãã«ã«ä»ããããã®ã¯ãã©ã€ãã¹ã®èŠè«ã«å¿ããŠã«ãŒãã«ã倧åŠã® FTP ãµãŒããŒã«æçš¿ããã¢ãŒã«ã€ãã®ãããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã« Torvalds ãèŠæ±ãããfreaxãã§ã¯ãªããlinuxããšããååãä»ãã Ari Lemmke ã®ãããã§ãã ã é²åçãªå®æ¥å®¶ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãã©ã»ã¯ããŒãã§ããªããšãLinuxã®åæšãç»é²ããæéããããŠäœ¿çšæã城åããããšèããŠããããåŸã«æ°ãå€ãããåæšã«å¯Ÿãããã¹ãŠã®æš©å©ãã©ã€ãã¹ã«è²æž¡ããããšã¯æ³šç®ã«å€ããã Linux ã«ãŒãã«ã®å ¬åŒãã¹ã³ããã§ãããã³ã®ã³ã® Tux ã¯ã1996 幎ã«éå¬ãããã³ã³ãã¹ãã®çµæãšããŠéžã°ããŸããã Tux ãšããåå㯠Torvalds UniX ã®ç¥ã§ãã
ã«ãŒãã« ã³ãŒã ããŒã¹ã®æé·ãã€ããã¯ã¹ (ãœãŒã¹ ã³ãŒãã®è¡æ°):
- 0.0.1 - 1991 幎 10 æãã³ãŒã㯠XNUMX è¡ã
- 1.0.0 - 1994 幎 176 æãã³ãŒã㯠XNUMX è¡ã
- 1.2.0 - 1995 幎 311 æãã³ãŒã㯠XNUMX è¡ã
- 2.0.0 - 1996 幎 778 æãã³ãŒã㯠XNUMX è¡ã
- 2.2.0 - 1999 幎 1.8 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 2.4.0 - 2001 幎 3.4 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 2.6.0 - 2003 幎 5.9 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 2.6.28 - 2008 幎 10.2 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 2.6.35 - 2010 幎 13.4 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 3.0 - 2011 幎 14.6 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 3.5 - 2012 幎 15.5 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 3.10 - 2013 幎 15.8 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 3.16 - 2014 幎 17.5 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 4.1 - 2015 幎 19.5 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 4.7 - 2016 幎 21.7 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 4.12 - 2017 幎 24.1 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 4.18 - 2018 幎 25.3 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 5.2 - 2019 幎 26.55 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 5.8 - 2020 幎 28.4 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 5.13 ïœ 2021 幎 29.2 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
- 5.19 - 2022 幎 30.5 æãXNUMX äžè¡ã®ã³ãŒãã
ã«ãŒãã«éçºã®é²æç¶æ³:
- Linux 0.0.1 - 1991 幎 386 æãæåã®å ¬éãªãªãŒã¹ãiXNUMX CPU ã®ã¿ããµããŒããããããã㌠ãã£ã¹ã¯ããèµ·åããŸãã
- Linux 0.12 - 1992 幎 2 æãã³ãŒã㯠GPLvXNUMX ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã«åºã¥ããŠé åžããå§ããŸããã
- Linux 0.95 - 1992 幎 XNUMX æãX Window System ãå®è¡ããæ©èœãæäŸãããä»®æ³ã¡ã¢ãªãšã¹ã¯ãã ããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ã®ãµããŒããå®è£ ãããŸããã
- Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993 幎ããããã¯ãŒã¯ ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã®äœæ¥ãå§ãŸããŸããã Ext2 ãã¡ã€ã« ã·ã¹ãã ãå°å ¥ãããELF ãã¡ã€ã«åœ¢åŒã®ãµããŒããè¿œå ããããµãŠã³ã ã«ãŒããš SCSI ã³ã³ãããŒã©çšã®ãã©ã€ããå°å ¥ãããã«ãŒãã« ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãš /proc ãã¡ã€ã« ã·ã¹ãã ã®ããŒããå®è£ ãããŸããã
- 1992 幎ã«ãæåã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ SLS ãš Yggdrasil ãç»å ŽããŸããã 1993 幎ã®å€ã«ãSlackware ãããžã§ã¯ããš Debian ãããžã§ã¯ããèšç«ãããŸããã
- Linux 1.0 - 1994 幎 XNUMX æãæåã®å ¬åŒå®å®ãªãªãŒã¹ã
- Linux 1.2 - 1995 幎 XNUMX æããã©ã€ããŒæ°ã®å€§å¹ ãªå¢å ãAlphaãMIPSãããã³ SPARC ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã®ãµããŒãããããã¯ãŒã¯ ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã®æ©èœã®æ¡åŒµããã±ãã ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã®ç»å ŽãNFS ãµããŒãã
- Linux 2.0 - 1996 幎 XNUMX æããã«ãããã»ããµ ã·ã¹ãã ããµããŒãã
- 1997 幎 XNUMX æ: Linux ã«ãŒãã«éçºè ã¡ãŒãªã³ã° ãªã¹ãã§ãã LKML ãèšç«ãããŸããã
- 1998: Top500 ãªã¹ãã«å«ãŸããæåã® Linux ããŒã¹ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒãçºè¡šãããŸããããã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ãAlpha CPU ãæèŒãã 68 ããŒãã§æ§æãããŠããŸããã
- Linux 2.2 - 1999 幎 6 æãã¡ã¢ãªç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ã®å¹çãåäžããIPvXNUMX ãµããŒããè¿œå ãããæ°ãããã¡ã€ã¢ãŠã©ãŒã«ãå®è£ ãããæ°ãããµãŠã³ã ãµãã·ã¹ãã ãå°å ¥ãããŸããã
- Linux 2.4 - 2001 幎 8 æã64 ããã»ããµ ã·ã¹ãã ãš 3 GB ã® RAMãExtXNUMX ãã¡ã€ã« ã·ã¹ãã ãUSB ãµããŒããACPI ã®ãµããŒããæäŸããŸãã
- Linux 2.6 - 2003 幎 XNUMX æãSELinux ãµããŒããã«ãŒãã« ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã®èªåãã¥ãŒãã³ã°ãsysfsãåèšèšãããã¡ã¢ãªç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ã
- 2005 幎㫠Xen ãã€ããŒãã€ã¶ãŒãå°å ¥ãããä»®æ³åã®æ代ãå°æ¥ããŸããã
- 2008 幎 XNUMX æã«ãLinux ã«ãŒãã«ã«åºã¥ãã Android ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã®æåã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã圢æãããŸããã
- 2011.x ãã©ã³ãã® 10 幎éã®éçºãçµãŠã2.6 幎 3 æã« 2.x çªå·ä»ããžã®ç§»è¡ãè¡ãããŸããã Git ãªããžããªå ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®æ°ã¯ XNUMX äžã«éããŸããã
- 2015 幎㫠Linux ã«ãŒãã« 4.0 ããªãªãŒã¹ãããŸããã ãªããžããªå ã® git ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®æ°ã 4 äžã«éããŸããã
- 2018 幎 6 æã«ãã«ãŒãã« ãªããžããªå ã® Git ãªããžã§ã¯ãæ°ã XNUMX äžãšãããã€ã«ã¹ããŒã³ãè¶ ããŸããã
- 2019 幎 5.0 æã«ãLinux 6.5 ã«ãŒãã« ãã©ã³ããèšç«ãããŸããã ãªããžããªã¯ XNUMX äžã® git ãªããžã§ã¯ãã«éããŸããã
- 2020 幎 5.8 æã«å ¬éãããã«ãŒãã« XNUMX ã¯ããããžã§ã¯ãã®å šååšæéã«ããããã¹ãŠã®ã«ãŒãã«ã®å€æŽæ°ã®ç¹ã§æ倧ãšãªããŸããã
- ã«ãŒãã« 5.13 ã¯ãã«ãŒãã«ã«å€æŽãå«ãŸããéçºè ã®æ° (2150 人) ã®èšé²ãæš¹ç«ããŸããã
- 2021 幎ã«ãRust èšèªã§ãã©ã€ããŒãéçºããããã®ã³ãŒãã Linux-next ã«ãŒãã« ãã©ã³ãã«è¿œå ãããŸããã RustããµããŒãããã³ã³ããŒãã³ããã³ã¢ã«ãŒãã«ã«çµã¿èŸŒãäœæ¥ãé²è¡äžã§ãã
- 2022.x ãã©ã³ãã«ã¯ããŒãžã§ã³çªå·ã®æåã®çªå·ãå€æŽããã®ã«ååãªãªãªãŒã¹ãèç©ãããŠããããã6.0 幎 5 æã« Linux XNUMX ã«ãŒãã« ãã©ã³ãã圢æãããŸããã
ã³ã¢ã«å¯Ÿãããã¹ãŠã®å€æŽã® 68% ã¯ãæã掻çºãª 20 瀟ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããŸããã ããšãã°ãã«ãŒãã« 5.19 ãéçºããå Žåããã¹ãŠã®å€æŽã® 10.9% ã Intel ã«ãã£ãŠæºåããã5.7% ã Linaro ã«ãã£ãŠã5.5% ã AMD ã«ãã£ãŠã5.2% ã Red Hat ã«ãã£ãŠã4.1% ã Google ã«ãã£ãŠã3.5% ã Meta ã«ãã£ãŠã3.1% ã SUSE ã«ãã£ãŠæºåãããŸããã Huaweiã«ãã%ãNVIDIAã«ãã2.9%ãOracleã«ãã2.8%ã å€æŽã® 2.7% ã¯ãç¹å®ã®äŒæ¥ã§åããŠããããšãæ瀺çã«å®£èšããŠããªãç¬ç«ããè²¢ç®è ãŸãã¯éçºè ã«ãã£ãŠäœæãããŸããã ã«ãŒãã«ã«è¿œå ããã 11.8 è¡ã®ã³ãŒãã®æ°ã«é¢ããŠã¯ããªãŒããŒã¯ AMD ã§ããã®ã·ã§ã¢ã¯ 5.19% ã§ãã (amdgpu ãã©ã€ããŒã«ã¯ 37.9 äžè¡ãè¶ ããã³ãŒããããããã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ GPU çšã®ããŒã¿ãå«ãèªåçæãããããã㌠ãã¡ã€ã«ã§ã)ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ïŒã
åºæïŒ ãªãŒãã³ããã.ru