ãã®èšäºã®ç®çã¯ãMicrosoftã䜿çšããŠVXLAN BGP EVPNããã³DFAãã¡ããªãã¯ã®DHCPãµãŒãã¹ã®æ§æãç°¡çŽ åããããšã§ãã Windows Server 2016 / 2019ã

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¬åŒããã¥ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ãDHCPãµãŒãã¹ã¯Microsoftã«åºã¥ããŠãããšèšèŒãããŠããŸãã Windows Server å·¥å Žåãã® 2012 㯠SuperScope ãšããŠæ§æãããŠãããã«ãŒããã㯠ããŒã« (ãã®ããŒã«ã§ã¯ããã¹ãŠã® IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãããŒã«ããé€å€ãããŸã (é€å€ããã IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ = ããŒã«)) ãšãå®éã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã« IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãçºè¡ããããã®ããŒã«ãå«ãŸããŠããŸã (ããã§ã®éèŠãªç¹ã¯ãDHCP ãªã¬ãŒåè·¯ ID ããã£ã«ã¿ãªã³ã°ãããããªã·ãŒãæ§æãããŠããããšã§ãããã® DHCP ãªã¬ãŒåè·¯ ID ã«ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã® VNI ãå«ãŸããŠããŸããã€ãŸããå¥ã®ããŒã«ã§ã¯ããã® DHCP ãªã¬ãŒåè·¯ ID ã¯è¥å¹²ç°ãªããŸã)ã
To configure DHCP on Windows server.
1. Create a super scope. Within the super scope, create scope B, S1, S2, S3, âŠ, Sn for the subnet B and the subnets for each segment.
2. In scope B, specify the 'Exclusion Range' to be the entire address range (so that the offered address range must not be from this scope).
3. For every segment scope Si, specify a policy that matches on Agent Circuit ID with value of '0108000600XXXXXX', where '0108000600' is a fixed value for all segments, the 6 numbers "XXXXXX" is the segment ID value in hexadecimal. Also ensure to check the Append wildcard(*) check box.
4. Set the policy address range to the entire range of the scope.ãã®èšäºã«ã¯ã次ã®è³ªåã«å¯Ÿããåçãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
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ã®RFCãMicrosoftã«ãããDHCPãµãŒããŒèšå®ã®é²åã«é¢ãããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã¬ã€ããªã©ããã¹ãŠã®ãœãŒã¹ããŒã¿ãç°¡åã«äžèŠ§è¡šç€ºããŸãã Windows Server Ciscoã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯2012幎ã«ãã®ä»¶ã«ã€ããŠè§ŠããŠããŸãããŸããMicrosoftãµãŒããŒäžã®DHCPãµãŒãã¹ã«ãããSuperscopeãšPolicyã«é¢ããç°¡åãªæ
å ±ãèšèŒãããŠããŸãã Windows Server.
VXLAN BGP EVPNãDFA ãã¡ããªãã¯ã§ DHCP ãªã¬ãŒãæ§æããæ¹æ³
VXLAN BGP EVPN ãã¡ããªãã¯ã§ã® DHCP ãªã¬ãŒã®æ§æã¯éåžžã«åçŽã§ããããããã®èšäºã®äž»ãªãããã¯ã§ã¯ãããŸããã ããã¥ã¡ã³ããžã®ãªã³ã¯ãšããããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšã®èšå®ã«é¢ããã¹ãã€ã©ãŒãæäŸããŸãã
Nexus 9000V v9.2(3) ã§ã® DHCP ãªã¬ãŒã®èšå®äŸ
service dhcp
ip dhcp relay
ip dhcp relay information option
ip dhcp relay information option vpn
interface loopback10
vrf member VRF1
ip address 10.120.0.1/32 tag 1234567
interface Vlan12
no shutdown
vrf member VRF1
no ip redirects
ip address 10.120.251.1/24 tag 1234567
no ipv6 redirects
fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway
ip dhcp relay address 10.0.0.5
ip dhcp relay source-interface loopback10
VXLAN BGP EVPN ãã¡ããªãã¯ã§ã® DHCP ãªã¬ãŒ ãµãŒãã¹ã®éçšã«å®è£ ããã RFC
RFC#6607: ãµããªãã·ã§ã³ 151(0x97) - ä»®æ³ãµããããã®éžæ
⢠Sub-option 151(0x97) - Virtual Subnet Selection (Defined in RFC#6607)
Used to convey VRF related information to the DHCP server in an MPLS-VPN and VXLAN EVPN multi-tenant environment.ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããååšãã VRF ã®ãåââåããéä¿¡ãããŸãã
RFC#5107: ãµããªãã·ã§ã³ 11(0xb) - ãµãŒã㌠ID ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã
⢠Sub-option 11(0xb) - Server ID Override (Defined in RFC#5107.)
The server identifier (server ID) override sub-option allows the DHCP relay agent to specify a new value for the server ID option, which is inserted by the DHCP server in the reply packet. This sub-option allows the DHCP relay agent to act as the actual DHCP server such that the renew requests will come to the relay agent rather than the DHCP server directly. The server ID override sub-option contains the incoming interface IP address, which is the IP address on the relay agent that is accessible from the client. Using this information, the DHCP client sends all renew and release request packets to the relay agent. The relay agent adds all of the appropriate sub-options and then forwards the renew and release request packets to the original DHCP server. For this function, Ciscoâs proprietary implementation is sub-option 152(0x98). You can use the ip dhcp relay sub-option type cisco command to manage the function.ãã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãããã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã§äœ¿çšããã IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ ãªãŒã¹ãæŽæ°ããèŠæ±ãéä¿¡ããããã«ããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã ïŒCisco VXLAN BGP ã§ã¯ãEVPN ã¯ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ããã©ã«ã ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ã®ãšããŒãã£ã¹ã ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ããïŒ
RFC#3527: ãµããªãã·ã§ã³ 5(0x5) - ãªã³ã¯éžæ
Sub-option 5(0x5) - Link Selection (Defined in RFC#3527.)
The link selection sub-option provides a mechanism to separate the subnet/link on which the DHCP client resides from the gateway address (giaddr), which can be used to communicate with the relay agent by the DHCP server. The relay agent will set the sub-option to the correct subscriber subnet and the DHCP server will use that value to assign an IP address rather than the giaddr value. The relay agent will set the giaddr to its own IP address so that DHCP messages are able to be forwarded over the network. For this function, Ciscoâs proprietary implementation is sub-option 150(0x96). You can use the ip dhcp relay sub-option type ciscocommand to manage the function.ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãå¿ èŠãšãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã
Microsoftã«ãããDHCPæ§æã«é¢ããCiscoããã¥ã¡ã³ãã®é²å Windows Server 2012
ãã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå«ããã®ã¯ããã³ããŒåŽã«ååããªåŸåãããããã§ãã
ãã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšäžã§ DHCP ãªã¬ãŒãæ§æããæ¹æ³ã®ã¿ã説æãããŠããŸãã
DHCP ãèšå®ããã«ã¯ Windows Server 2012幎ã«ã¯å¥ã®èšäºã䜿ãããã
ãã®èšäºã§ã¯ãåãããã¯ãŒã¯/VNI ã«ã¯ç¬èªã® SuperScope ãã³ãã«ãšç¬èªã®ã«ãŒããã㯠ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ã»ãããå¿ èŠã§ããããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã
If multiple DHCP Scopes are required for multiple subnets, you need to create one LoopbackX per subnet/vlan on all LEAFS and create a superscope with a loopbackX range scope and actual client IP subnet scope per vlan.
èšå®ã远å ããŸãã Windows ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšæ§æããã¥ã¡ã³ãã®2012 Serverã«é¢ããèšè¿°ã䜿çšããããã¹ãŠã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããŒã«ã¯ãããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒããšã«1ã€ã®SuperScopeãå¿ èŠãšãããã®SuperScopeãããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã®å¢çãšãªããŸãã
Create Superscope for all scopes you want to use for Option 82-based policies.
Note
The Superscope should combine all scopes and act as the administrative boundary.
ãã¹ãŠãéåžžã«ç°¡æœã«èª¬æãããŠããŸãã
Let us assume the switch is using the address from subnet B (it can be the backbone subnet, management subnet, or any customer designated subnet for this purpose) to communicate with the Windows DHCP server. In DFA we have subnets S1, S2, S3, âŠ, Sn for segment s1, s2, s3, âŠ, sn.
To configure DHCP on Windows server.
1. Create a super scope. Within the super scope, create scope B, S1, S2, S3, âŠ, Sn for the subnet B and the subnets for each segment.
2. In scope B, specify the 'Exclusion Range' to be the entire address range (so that the offered address range must not be from this scope).
3. For every segment scope Si, specify a policy that matches on Agent Circuit ID with value of '0108000600XXXXXX', where '0108000600' is a fixed value for all segments, the 6 numbers "XXXXXX" is the segment ID value in hexadecimal. Also ensure to check the Append wildcard(*) check box.
4. Set the policy address range to the entire range of the scope.
Microsoftã«ãããDHCP Windows Server ïŒã¹ãŒããŒã¹ã³ãŒããšããªã·ãŒïŒ
Superscope is an administrative feature of a DHCP server that can be used to group multiple scopes as a single administrative entity. Superscope allows a DHCP server to provide leases from more than one scope to clients on a single physical network. Scopes added to a superscope are called member scopes. SuperScope ãšã¯ - IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®è€æ°ã®ããŒã«ã XNUMX ã€ã®ç®¡çåäœã«çµåã§ããæ©èœã§ãã åãç©çãããã¯ãŒã¯ (åã VLAN å
) äžã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ãè€æ°ã®ããŒã«ããã® IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¢ããã¿ã€ãºããã«ã¯ã ãªã¯ãšã¹ãã SuperScope ã®äžéšãšããŠã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ããŒã«ã«éä¿¡ãããå Žåãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«ã¯ããã® SuperScope ã«å«ãŸããå¥ã®ã¹ã³ãŒãããã¢ãã¬ã¹ãäžããããŸãã
The DHCP Server role in Windows Server 2012 introduces a new feature that allows you to create IPv4 policies that specify custom IP address and option assignments for DHCP clients based on a set of conditions.
The policy based assignment (PBA) feature allows you to group DHCP clients by specific attributes based on fields contained in the DHCP client request packet. PBA enables targeted administration and greater control of the configuration parameters delivered to network devices with DHCP. ããªã·ãŒ â ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®çš®é¡ããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã«åºã¥ããŠãŠãŒã¶ãŒã« IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãå²ãåœãŠãããšãã§ããŸããã·ã¹ã³ã®ãšã³ãžãã¢ã¯ãããªã·ãŒã Windows Server 2012幎çãVNIïŒä»®æ³ãããã¯ãŒã¯èå¥åïŒã«ãããã£ã«ã¿ãªã³ã°ã«å¯Ÿå¿ã
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ãã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«ã¯ã調æ»çµæããµããŒããããªãçç±ãä»çµã¿ (ããžãã¯)ãæ°æ©èœãããã³ãã®æ°æ©èœãã©ã®ããã«åœ¹ç«ã€ããå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
ãªããã€ã¯ããœããã¯ããããµããŒãããŠããªãã®ã§ããïŒ Windows Server 2000/2003/2008ïŒ
Microsoft Windows Server 2008幎以åã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã§ã¯ããªãã·ã§ã³82ã¯åŠçãããããªãã·ã§ã³82ãå«ãŸãªãè¿ä¿¡ãã±ãããéä¿¡ãããŸãã
- ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãããã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ãã¯ãããŒããã£ã¹ã(DHCP Discover)ã«éä¿¡ãããŸãã
- æ©åšïŒNexusïŒã¯ãã±ããã DHCP ãµãŒããŒã«éä¿¡ããŸãïŒDHCP Discover + ãªãã·ã§ã³ 82ïŒã
- DHCP ãµãŒããŒã¯ãã±ãããåä¿¡ããåŠçããŠéãè¿ããŸããããªãã·ã§ã³ 82 ã¯äœ¿çšããŸããã(DHCP ãªãã¡ãŒ â ãªãã·ã§ã³ 82 ãªã)
- æ©åšïŒNexusïŒã¯DHCPãµãŒããŒãããã±ãããåä¿¡ããŸãã (DHCP ãªãã¡ãŒ) ãã ãããã®ãã±ããã¯ãšã³ã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ã¯éä¿¡ãããŸããã
ã¹ããã¡ããŒã¿ - ãªã³ Windows Server 2008幎以éãDHCPã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãäžã§Windows Server 2008ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšããèŠæ±ãåä¿¡ããŸããïŒãªãã·ã§ã³82ããªã¹ãã«å«ãŸããŠããŸãïŒ

Windows Server 2008ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšã«å¿çãéä¿¡ããŸããïŒãªãã·ã§ã³82ã¯ãã±ããå
ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãªã¹ãã«å«ãŸããŠããŸãããïŒ

ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãããã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ã - DHCP Discover ã¯ååšããŸãããDHCP Offer ããããŸãã

ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšã«é¢ããçµ±èš:
NEXUS-9000V-SW-1# show ip dhcp relay statistics
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Type Rx Tx Drops
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Discover 8 8 0
Offer 8 8 0
Request(*) 0 0 0
Ack 0 0 0
Release(*) 0 0 0
Decline 0 0 0
Inform(*) 0 0 0
Nack 0 0 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 16 16 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
DHCP L3 FWD:
Total Packets Received : 0
Total Packets Forwarded : 0
Total Packets Dropped : 0
Non DHCP:
Total Packets Received : 0
Total Packets Forwarded : 0
Total Packets Dropped : 0
DROP:
DHCP Relay not enabled : 0
Invalid DHCP message type : 0
Interface error : 0
Tx failure towards server : 0
Tx failure towards client : 0
Unknown output interface : 0
Unknown vrf or interface for server : 0
Max hops exceeded : 0
Option 82 validation failed : 0
Packet Malformed : 0
Relay Trusted port not configured : 0
DHCP Request dropped on MCT : 0
* - These counters will show correct value when switch
receives DHCP request packet with destination ip as broadcast
address. If request is unicast it will be HW switched
NEXUS-9000V-SW-1#
ãªããã€ã¯ããœãããªã®ãïŒ Windows Server 2012幎ã®èšå®ã£ãŠãããªã«é£ããã®ïŒ
ãã€ã¯ããœãã Windows Server 2012 ã¯ãŸã RFC#3527 (ãªãã·ã§ã³ 82 ãµããªãã·ã§ã³ 5(0x5) - ãªã³ã¯éžæ) ã§ãµããŒããããŠããŸããã
ãã ããããªã·ãŒæ©èœã¯ãã§ã«å®è£
ãããŠããŸãã
ã©ã®ããã«åäœããŸãïŒ
- Microsoft Windows Server 2012幎ã«ã¯ãã«ãŒãããã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšå®éã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯çšã®ããŒã«ãå«ãã¹ãŒããŒããŒã«ïŒSuperScopeïŒãååšããã
- DHCP ãªã¬ãŒããã®å¿çã«ã¯ SuperScope ã«å«ãŸããã«ãŒããã㯠ãœãŒã¹ ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãå«ãŸãããããIP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãçºè¡ããããã®ããŒã«ã®éžæã¯ SuperScope ã«å±ããŸãã
- ããªã·ãŒã䜿çšããŠããªã¯ãšã¹ãã¯ãVNI ããªãã·ã§ã³ 82 ãµããªãã·ã§ã³ 1 ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãåç· ID ã«å«ãŸããã¡ã³ã㌠ã¹ã³ãŒããã¹ãŒããŒã¹ã³ãŒãããéžæããŸãã (ã0108000600ã+ 24 ããã VNI + 24 ãããã®å€ã¯ç§ã«ã¯äžæã§ãããã¹ããã¡ãŒã¯ãã®ãã£ãŒã«ãã®å€ 0 ã瀺ããŸãã)
ãã€ã¯ããœãããã»ããã¢ãããç°¡çŽ åããæ¹æ³ Windows Server 2016 / 2019ïŒ
ãã€ã¯ããœãã Windows Server 2016幎ã®RFC#3527ã®æ©èœãå®è£ ãããŸããã Windows Server 2016 ã¯ã屿§ãªãã·ã§ã³ 82 ãµããªãã·ã§ã³ 5(0x5) â ãªã³ã¯éžæããæ£ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ãèªèã§ããŸã
ããã« 3 ã€ã®çåãçããŸãã
- ã¹ãŒããŒã¹ã³ãŒããªãã§ã倧äžå€«ã§ããããïŒ
- ããªã·ãŒãªãã§ VNI ã 16 é²åœ¢åŒã«å€æã§ããŸãã?
- ã«ãŒããã㯠DHCP éä¿¡å ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ã¹ã³ãŒããªãã§ã倧äžå€«ã§ãã?
Q. ã¹ãŒããŒã¹ã³ãŒããªãã§ã倧äžå€«ã§ããããïŒ
A. ã¯ããIPv4 ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®é åã«ã¹ã³ãŒããããã«äœæã§ããŸãã
Q. ããªã·ãŒãªãã§ VNI ã 16 é²åœ¢åŒã«å€æã§ããŸãã?
A. ã¯ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®éžæã¯ãªãã·ã§ã³ 82 ãµããªãã·ã§ã³ 0x5 ã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã
Q. ã«ãŒããã㯠DHCP éä¿¡å
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ã¹ã³ãŒããªãã§ã倧äžå€«ã§ãã?
A. ããããã§ããŸããããªããªããã€ã¯ããœããã§ã¯ Windows Server 2016幎/2019幎çŸåšãæªæã®ããDHCPãªã¯ãšã¹ãã«å¯Ÿããä¿è·æ©èœãæå¹ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããã€ãŸããDHCPãµãŒããŒã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããŒã«ã«ç»é²ãããŠããªãã¢ãã¬ã¹ããã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ãã¯æªæã®ãããã®ãšã¿ãªãããŸãã
Note
All relay agent IP addresses (GIADDR) must be part of an active DHCP scope IP address range. Any GIADDR outside of the DHCP scope IP address ranges is considered a rogue relay and Windows DHCP Server will not acknowledge DHCP client requests from those relay agents.
A special scope can be created to "authorize" relay agents. Create a scope with the GIADDR (or multiple if the GIADDR's are sequential IP addresses), exclude the GIADDR address(es) from distribution, and then activate the scope. This will authorize the relay agents while preventing the GIADDR addresses from being assigned.ãããã¯ãMicrosoft äžã§æ§æããŸãã Windows Server 2016/2019 VXLAN BGP EVPNãã¡ããªãã¯çšã®DHCPããŒã«ã«ã¯ã以äžã®ãã®ã®ã¿ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- ãœãŒã¹ãªã¬ãŒã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ããŒã«ãäœæããŸãã
- ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããããã¯ãŒã¯çšã®ããŒã«ãäœæãã
äžèŠãªãã® (ãã ããèšå®ããã°åäœããäœæ¥ã«æ¯éããããããšã¯ãããŸãã):
- ããªã·ãŒã®äœæ
- ã¹ãŒããŒã¹ã³ãŒãã®äœæ
äŸDHCP ãµãŒããŒã®ã»ããã¢ããäŸ (å®éã® DHCP ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ã㯠2 ã€ãããã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ã㯠VXLAN ãã¡ããªãã¯ã«æ¥ç¶ãããŠããŸã)

ãŠãŒã¶ãŒããŒã«ã®èšå®äŸ:

ãŠãŒã¶ãŒããŒã«ã®èšå®äŸ (ããªã·ãŒãéžæãããŠããŸã - ããªã·ãŒãããŒã«ã®æ£ããæäœã«äœ¿çšãããŠããªãããšã蚌æããŸã):

ãœãŒã¹ DHCP ãªã¬ãŒ ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ããŒã«ãæ§æããäŸ (çºè¡ããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ç¯å²ã¯ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ ããŒã«ããã®é€å€ã«å®å
šã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸã):

Microsoft äžã§ DHCP ãµãŒãã¹ãèšå®ãã Windows Server 2019
DHCP ãªã¬ãŒã®ã«ãŒããã㯠ã¢ãã¬ã¹ (ãœãŒã¹) ã®ããŒã«ãæ§æããŸãã
IPv4 空éã«æ°ããããŒã« (ã¹ã³ãŒã) ãäœæããŸãã

ããŒã«äœæãŠã£ã¶ãŒãã ãæ¬¡ãž>ã

ããŒã«åãšããŒã«ã®èª¬æãæ§æããŸãã

ã«ãŒãããã¯ã® IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ç¯å²ãšããŒã«ã®ãã¹ã¯ãèšå®ããŸãã

äŸå€ã®è¿œå ã é€å€ç¯å²ã¯ããŒã«ç¯å²ãšæ£ç¢ºã«äžèŽããå¿
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ã¬ã³ã¿ã«æéã ãæ¬¡ãž >ã

ã¯ãšãª: DHCP ãªãã·ã§ã³ (DNSãWINSãã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ããã¡ã€ã³) ãä»ããæ§æããŸããããããšãåŸã§è¡ããŸããã ããããããšçããŠãããŒã«ãæåã§ã¢ã¯ãã£ãåããæ¹ãæ©ãã§ãããã ãŸãã¯ãäœãæ
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