ããã«ã¡ã¯ããããã人ïŒ
ã¢ãã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããã (IoTãã¢ãã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããã) ã¯ãçŸåšå®¶åºããªãã£ã¹ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã§äœ¿çšãããŠããæ¢åã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ ã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ããã¯ãããžããããã³ã«ã®äžã«æ§ç¯ãããããã«å€ãã®æ©èœãæäŸããŸãã
ãã®ã¬ã€ãã®ç®çã¯ãIoT ã®ãããã¯ãŒãã³ã°ãšã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ ãããã³ã«ã®æŠèŠã説æããããšã§ãã
ããŒãã ç¥èãããã¯ãã§ã
IoTãããã¯ãŒã¯
IoT ã¯æ¢åã® TCP/IP ãããã¯ãŒã¯äžã§å®è¡ãããŸãã
TCP/IP ã¯ãåå±€ã«ç¹å®ã®ãããã³ã«ãåãã XNUMX å±€ã¢ãã«ã䜿çšããŸãã Cmã
以äžã®å³ã¯ãçŸåšäœ¿çšãããŠãããããã³ã«ãšãIoT ã§äœ¿çšãããå¯èœæ§ãæãé«ããããã³ã«ã®æ¯èŒã瀺ããŠããŸãã
ãã£ãŒãã®ã¡ã¢:
-
ãã©ã³ã ãµã€ãºã¯ãããã³ã«ã®äººæ°ã瀺ããŸãã ããšãã°ãå·ŠåŽã§ã¯ IPv4 ã®æ¹ã倧ãããªã£ãŠããŸããããã¯ãçŸä»£ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã§ã¯ IPv6 ã®æ¹ããã䜿ãããŠããããã§ãã ãã ããIoT ã§ã¯ IPvXNUMX ãããæ®åãããšäºæ³ããããããå³åŽã®å€ã¯å°ãããªããŸãã
-
ãã¹ãŠã®ãããã³ã«ã衚瀺ãããŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã
-
ãã¹ãŠã®å€æŽã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ããã£ãã« (ã¬ãã« 1 ããã³ 2) ãšã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ ã¬ãã« (ã¬ãã« 4) ã«ãããŸãã
-
ãããã¯ãŒã¯å±€ãšãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€ã¯å€æŽãããªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ãªã³ã¯å±€ãããã³ã«
ããŒã¿ ãªã³ã¯ ã¬ãã« (ããŒã¿ ãªã³ã¯) ã§ã¯ãããã€ã¹ãçžäºã«æ¥ç¶ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ããšãã°ãããŒã«ã« ãããã¯ãŒã¯ (ããŒã«ã« ãããã¯ãŒã¯) ã§ã¯è¿ãã«ããããšããéœåžéš (ã¡ããããªã¿ã³ ãšãªã¢ ãããã¯ãŒã¯) ãã°ããŒãã« ãããã¯ãŒã¯ (ã¯ã€ã ãšãªã¢ ãããã¯ãŒã¯) ã§ã¯äºãã«é ãé¢ããŠããããšããããŸãã
çŸåšããã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã¯ãããŒã ããã³ãªãã£ã¹ ãããã¯ãŒã¯ (LAN) ã¯ã€ãŒãµããããš Wi-Fi ã䜿çšããã¢ãã€ã« ãããã¯ãŒã¯ (WAN) 㯠3G / 4G ã䜿çšããŸãã ãã ããã»ã³ãµãŒãªã©ã® IoT ããã€ã¹ã®å€ãã¯äœé»åã§ãããããããªãŒã®ã¿ã§é§åãããŸãã ãã®ãããªå Žåãã€ãŒãµãããã¯é©ããŠããŸããããäœé»åã® Wi-Fi ãäœé»åã® Bluetooth ã¯äœ¿çšã§ããŸãã
ãããã®ããã€ã¹ã®æ¥ç¶ã«ã¯æ¢åã®ã¯ã€ã€ã¬ã¹ ãã¯ãããžãŒ (Wi-FiãBluetoothã3G/4G) ãåŒãç¶ã䜿çšãããŸããã人æ°ãé«ãŸãã§ããã IoT ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³åãã«ç¹å¥ã«èšèšãããæ°ãããã¯ãããžãŒã«ã泚ç®ãã䟡å€ããããŸãã
ãã®äžïŒ
-
BLE âBluetoothäœãšãã«ã®ãŒ
-
LoRaWAN - é·è·é¢ WAN
-
ã·ã°ãã©ãã¯ã¹
-
LTE-M
ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯èšäºã§è©³ãã説æãããŠããŸãã
ãããã¯ãŒã¯å±€
ãããã¯ãŒã¯å±€ (ãããã¯ãŒãã³ã°) ã§ã¯ãé·æçã«ã¯ãããã³ã«ãäž»æµãšãªã
ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€
ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€ (ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒã) ã§ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããš Web 㯠TCP ã«ãã£ãŠæ¯é ãããŠããŸãã ããã¯ãHTTP ãšä»ã®å€ãã®äžè¬çãªã€ã³ã¿ãŒããã ãããã³ã« (SMTPãPOP3ãIMAP4 ãªã©) ã®äž¡æ¹ã§äœ¿çšãããŸãã
MQTT ã¯ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã®äž»èŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€ãããã³ã«ã® XNUMX ã€ã«ãªããšäºæ³ãããŠããŸãããçŸåšã¯ TCP ã䜿çšããŠããŸãã
ãã ããå°æ¥çã«ã¯ããªãŒããŒããããäœããããIoT ã§ã¯ UDP ãããã«æ®åãããšäºæ³ããŠããŸãã ãããããã£ãšåºãŸãã ãã
ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€ãšã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ãããã³ã«
IoT ãããã³ã«ã®éèŠãªç¹æ§:
-
é床 - XNUMX ç§ãããã«è»¢éãããããŒã¿éã
-
ã¬ã€ãã³ã·ã¯ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®éä¿¡ã«ãããæéã§ãã
-
æ¶è²»é»åã
-
ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã
-
ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®å¯çšæ§ã
çŸåšããã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã¯ HTTP ãš MQTT ãšãã XNUMX ã€ã®äž»èŠãªãããã³ã«ãç©æ¥µçã«äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
HTTP ã¯ããããããWeb (WWW) ã®åºç€ãšãªããã®ã¬ãã«ã®ãããã³ã«ãšããŠæãããç¥ãããŠããŸãã ããã¯ãWeb ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãµãŒãã¹éã®å¯Ÿè©±ã®ããã®äž»èŠãªã¡ã«ããºã ã§ãã REST API ã«äœ¿çšããããããIoT ã«ãšã£ãŠåŒãç¶ãéèŠã§ãã ãã ãããªãŒããŒããããé«ããããHTTP ã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã§åºã䜿çšãããŠãããã®ã®ãäž»èŠãª IoT ãããã³ã«ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ã¯äœãã§ãã
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) ã¯ããã®è»œéããšäœ¿ããããã«ãããIoT ã«ãããäž»èŠãªã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã° ãããã³ã«ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã èšäºãèŠã
IoT ã«ããã HTTP ãš MQTT ã®æ¯èŒ
MQTT ã¯æ¥éã« IoT ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®äºå®äžã®æšæºã«ãªãã€ã€ãããŸãã ããã¯ãHTTP ãšæ¯èŒããŠè»œéã§é«éã§ããããšãããã³ XNUMX 察 XNUMX (HTTP) ã§ã¯ãªã XNUMX 察å€ã®ãããã³ã«ã§ãããšããäºå®ã«ãããã®ã§ãã
ææ°ã® Web ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å€ãã¯ãéçºæã« HTTP ã®ä»£ããã« MQTT ãå©çšå¯èœã§ããã°ãåãã§ããã䜿çšããŸãã
è¯ãäŸã¯ãé»è»ããã¹ãé£è¡æ©ã®å°çãšåºçºãªã©ã®æ
å ±ãè€æ°ã®ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«éä¿¡ããããšã§ãã ãã®ã·ããªãªã§ã¯ãHTTP ãªã©ã® XNUMX 察 XNUMX ãããã³ã«ã«ã¯å€ãã®ãªãŒããŒãããããããWeb ãµãŒããŒã«å€§ããªè² è·ãããããŸãã ãããã® Web ãµãŒããŒã®æ¡åŒµã¯é£ããå ŽåããããŸãã MQTT ã䜿çšãããšãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã¯ãããŒã«ãŒã«æ¥ç¶ããè² è·åæ£ã®ããã«ãããŒã«ãŒãç°¡åã«è¿œå ã§ããŸãã ããã«ã€ããŠã®ãããªãã¥ãŒããªã¢ã«ãã芧ãã ãã
ä»ã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã° ãããã³ã«
HTTP 㯠IoT ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çšã«èšèšããããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããããåè¿°ããããã«ãHTTP ã¯ããŸããŸãªåéã§åºã䜿çšãããŠããããããã°ããã®éåºã䜿çšãããã§ãããã
ã»ãŒãã¹ãŠã® IoT ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã¯ãHTTP ãš MQTT ã®äž¡æ¹ããµããŒãããŠããŸãã
ãã ããæ€èšãã䟡å€ã®ãããããã³ã«ã¯ä»ã«ããããŸãã
ãããã³ã«
-
MQTT - (ã¡ãã»ãŒãž ãã¥ãŒ ãã¬ã¡ã㪠ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒã)ã TCP/IPã䜿çšããŸãã ãããªãã·ã¥/ãµãã¹ã¯ã©ã€ã ã¢ãã«ã«ã¯ã¡ãã»ãŒãž ãããŒã«ãŒãå¿ èŠã§ãã -
AMQP - (ã¢ããã³ã¹ã ã¡ãã»ãŒãž ãã¥ãŒ ãããã³ã«)ã TCP/IPã䜿çšããŸãã ãããªãã·ã£ãŒ/ãµãã¹ã¯ã©ã€ã㌠ã¢ãã«ãšãã€ã³ãããŒãã€ã³ã ã¢ãã«ã -
ã³ãŒã - (å¶çŽä»ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ ãããã³ã«)ã UDPã䜿çšããŸãã IoT åãã«ç¹å¥ã«èšèšãããŠãããHTTP ãšåæ§ã®èŠæ±/å¿çã¢ãã«ã䜿çšããŸããRFC 7252 . -
DDS - (ããŒã¿é ä¿¡ãµãŒãã¹)
ããã§
ããããæ¯ãè¿ã£ãŠã¿ããšãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®åæã«ã¯ãåŸã«äž»æµãšãªã HTTP ãããã³ã«ã¯ãæ°å€ããããããã³ã«ã® XNUMX ã€ã«ãããŸããã§ããã
HTTP ã¯ããšããšãã¡ã€ã«ãšé»åã¡ãŒã«ã®è»¢éã®ããã«èãããããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããããçŸåšã§ã¯äž¡æ¹ã®ç®çã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
ç§ã¯ãIoT ã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã° ãããã³ã«ã§ãåãããšãèµ·ãããšäºæ³ããŠããŸããã»ãšãã©ã®ãµãŒãã¹ã¯ XNUMX ã€ã®äž»èŠãªãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããããšã«ãªããŸãã
以äžã¯ãMQTTãCOAPãAMQP ã®äººæ°ãéå»æ°å¹Žéã§ã©ã®ããã«å€åãããã瀺ã Google ãã¬ã³ã ã°ã©ãã§ãã
Google ãã¬ã³ãã®æŠèŠ
ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ããšã®ãããã³ã«ã®ãµããŒã
-
Microsoft Azure - MQTTãAMQPãHTTPãHTTPS -
AWS - MQTTãHTTPSãWebSocket äžã® MQTT -
IBM Bluemix - MQTTãHTTPSãMQTT
-
ã·ã³ã°ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ â MQTTãHTTPSãMQTTãAMQP
ãµããªãŒ
ãã¹ãŠã®å€æŽã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ããã£ãã« (ã¬ãã« 1 ããã³ 2) ãšã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ ã¬ãã« (ã¬ãã« 4) ã«ãããŸãã
ãããã¯ãŒã¯å±€ãšãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€ã¯å€æŽãããªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€ã§ã¯ãIoT ã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã¯ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã° ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŸãã IoT éçºã¯ãŸã åæ段éã«ãããŸããããããã XNUMX ã€ãŸãã¯ãããã XNUMX ã€ã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã° ãããã³ã«ãç®ç«ã£ãŠããã§ãããã
ããæ°å¹ŽãMQTT ãæã人æ°ããããç§ããã®ãµã€ãã«æ³šç®ããŠããã®ã¯ MQTT ã§ãã
HTTP ã¯æ¢åã® IoT ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã«ãã§ã«ååã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠãããããåŒãç¶ã䜿çšãããŸãã
ããã§å šéšã§ãã ãã®ãããã¯ã«é¢ããç¡æã®ã㢠ã¬ãã¹ã³ã«ãç»é²ãã ããã
ãããã€ã¹ãžã®ã¯ã€ãã¯ã³ãã³ãã®ããã®ãã£ãããããã .
ç¶ããèªãïŒ
åºæïŒ habr.com