ãã®ã¬ãŒãã§ã®æ¬¡ã®ãããŒã®éå§ãäºæž¬ããŠ
ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ãæãåçŽãªããã°ããã£ã¬ã¯ããªãããä¿¡é Œã§ããæ
å ±ã·ã¹ãã ã倧èŠæš¡ãªãœãŒã·ã£ã« ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«è³ããŸã§ãããããå Žæã«ååšããŸãã ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãåçŽã§ãããè€éã§ãããã¯ããã»ã©éèŠã§ã¯ãªããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãæ£ããèšèšããããšãéèŠã§ãã ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãæå³ããã«ãç®çãæ確ã«ç解ããã«èšèšãããŠããå Žåãå¹æããªãã ãã§ãªããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãããã«äœ¿çšããäœæ¥ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ãšã£ãŠã¯æ¬åœã«èŠçã§ããã䟵å
¥ã§ããªã森ãšãªããŸãã ããã§ã¯ã䟿å©ã§äœ¿ãããã補åãäœæããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ããŒã¿ããŒã¹èšèšã®ãã³ããããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
1. ããŒãã«ã®ç®çãšãã®æ§é ã決å®ãã
çŸåšãã¹ã¯ã©ã ã RAD (Rapid Application Development) ãªã©ã®éçºææ³ã«ãããIT ããŒã ã¯ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãè¿
éã«éçºã§ããŸãã ããããæéãè¿œãããŸããç®æšãã®ãã®ãäœãªã®ããæçµçãªçµæã¯ã©ããªãã®ãããŒããããšæ³åããªããããããªãåºç€ã®æ§ç¯ã«åãæãããããªãèªæãéåžžã«å€§ããã§ãã
ããããããŒã ãå¹ççã§ã¹ããŒãã£ãŒãªä»äºã«éäžããŠãããã®ããã«èŠããŸãããããã¯èæ°æ¥Œã§ãã ãããžã§ã¯ããæ·±ãæ·±ãæãäžããã»ã©ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹èšèšã®ãšã©ãŒãç¹å®ããŠå€æŽããã®ã«ãããæéãé·ããªããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠãæåã«æ±ºå®ããå¿ èŠãããã®ã¯ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ç®çãå®çŸ©ããããšã§ãã ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ã©ã®ãããªçš®é¡ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã«éçºãããŠããŸãã? ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ã¬ã³ãŒãã®ã¿ãæäœãããã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«æ³šæãæãå¿ èŠãããã®ã§ãããã? ãããšãããŒã¿åæã«é¢å¿ãããã®ã§ãããã? æ ç¹ãã©ãã«é 眮ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã? 顧客ã®è¡åã远跡ããã®ã§ããããããããšãåã«é¡§å®¢é¢ä¿ã管çããã ããªã®ã§ãããã?
èšèšããŒã ããããã®è³ªåã«æ©ãçããã»ã©ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹èšèšããã»ã¹ã¯ããã¹ã ãŒãºã«ãªããŸãã
2. ã¹ãã¬ãŒãžã«ã¯ã©ã®ããŒã¿ãéžæããã°ããã§ãã?
äºåã«èšç»ãç«ãŠãŸãããã ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®èšèšå¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãŠãããµã€ããã·ã¹ãã ãå°æ¥ã©ããªããã«ã€ããŠã®èãã æè¡ä»æ§ã®åçŽãªèŠä»¶ãè¶
ããããšãéèŠã§ãã ãã ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒãä¿åããå¯èœæ§ã®ãããã¹ãŠã®çš®é¡ã®ããŒã¿ã«ã€ããŠèãå§ããªãã§ãã ããã 代ããã«ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãæçš¿ãæžããããææžãåçãã¢ããããŒãããããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã亀æãããã§ãããã©ãããèããŠãã ããã ãã®å ŽåãããŒã¿ããŒã¹å
ã§ãããã®ã¹ããŒã¹ãå²ãåœãŠãå¿
èŠããããŸãã
å°æ¥çã«ãã¶ã€ã³ããŒã¹ããµããŒããããããŒã ãéšéããŸãã¯çµç¹ãšååããŸãã 顧客ãµãŒãã¹ã®å°é家ããéšéé·ãŸã§ãããŸããŸãªã¬ãã«ã®äººã ãšã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå³ããŸãã ãã®ããã«ããŠããã£ãŒãããã¯ã®å©ããåããŠãäŒç€Ÿã®èŠä»¶ãæ確ã«ç解ããããšãã§ããŸãã
åãéšéå ã§ãã£ãŠãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ããŒãºãè¡çªããããšã¯é¿ããããŸããã ãã®ãããªç¶æ³ã«ééããå Žåã¯ãæããããšãªãèªåã®çµéšã«é Œã£ãŠããã¹ãŠã®é¢ä¿è ã«é©ããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®æçµç®æšãæºãã劥åç¹ãèŠã€ããŠãã ããã å®å¿ããŠãã ãããå°æ¥çã«ã¯ +100500 ã®ã«ã«ããšå±±ã»ã©ã®ã¯ãããŒãåãåãããšã«ãªããŸãã
3. ããŒã¿ã®ã¢ãã«åã¯æ éã«è¡ã
ããŒã¿ãã¢ãã«åããéã«æ³šæãã¹ãéèŠãªç¹ãããã€ããããŸãã åã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ç®çã«ãã£ãŠãã¢ããªã³ã°ã«ã©ã®æ¹æ³ã䜿çšãããã決ãŸããŸãã ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ ã¬ã³ãŒãåŠç (OLTP)ãã€ãŸãã¬ã³ãŒãã®äœæãç·šéãåé€ãè¡ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãèšèšããŠããå Žåã¯ããã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ ã¢ããªã³ã°ã䜿çšããŸãã ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ããªã¬ãŒã·ã§ãã«ã§ããå¿
èŠãããå Žåã¯ãå€æ¬¡å
ã¢ããªã³ã°ã䜿çšããã®ãæåã§ãã
ã¢ããªã³ã°äžã«ãæŠå¿µç (CDM)ãç©ç (PDM)ãããã³è«ç (LDM) ããŒã¿ ã¢ãã«ãæ§ç¯ãããŸãã
æŠå¿µã¢ãã«ã¯ããšã³ãã£ãã£ãšããã«å«ãŸããããŒã¿ã®çš®é¡ãããã³ãšã³ãã£ãã£éã®é¢ä¿ãèšè¿°ããŸãã ããŒã¿ãè«ççãªãã£ã³ã¯ã«åå²ãããšãäœæ¥ãã¯ããã«æ¥œã«ãªããŸãã
倧åãªã®ã¯é©åºŠã§ããããããããªãããšã§ãã
ãšã³ãã£ãã£ã XNUMX ã€ã®åèªãŸãã¯ãã¬ãŒãºã§åé¡ããã®ãéåžžã«é£ããå Žåã¯ããµãã¿ã€ã (åãšã³ãã£ãã£) ã䜿çšããŸãã
ãšã³ãã£ãã£ãç¬èªã®äººçãæ©ã¿ããã®åäœãšå€èŠ³ãããã³ä»ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããšã®é¢ä¿ãèšè¿°ããå±æ§ãæã£ãŠããå Žåã¯ããµãã¿ã€ãã ãã§ãªãã¹ãŒããŒã¿ã€ã (芪ãšã³ãã£ãã£) ãå®å šã«äœ¿çšã§ããŸãã
ãã®ã«ãŒã«ãç¡èŠãããšãä»ã®éçºè ãã¢ãã«å ã§æ··ä¹±ããããŒã¿ãšãã®åéæ¹æ³ã®ã«ãŒã«ãå®å šã«ç解ã§ããªããªããŸãã
æŠå¿µã¢ãã«ã¯è«çã¢ãã«ã䜿çšããŠå®è£ ãããŸãã ãããã®ã¢ãã«ã¯ãç©çããŒã¿ããŒã¹èšèšã®ããŒããããã®ãããªãã®ã§ãã è«çã¢ãã«ã§ã¯ãããžãã¹ ããŒã¿ ãšã³ãã£ãã£ãèå¥ãããããŒã¿ ã¿ã€ãã決å®ãããããŒã¿éã®é¢ä¿ãå¶åŸ¡ããã«ãŒã« ããŒã®ã¹ããŒã¿ã¹ã決å®ãããŸãã
次ã«ãè«çããŒã¿ ã¢ãã«ãäºåã«éžæããã DBMS (ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ) ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãšæ¯èŒãããç©çã¢ãã«ãååŸãããŸãã ããŒã¿ãç©ççã«ã©ã®ããã«ä¿åããããã説æããŸãã
4. é©åãªããŒã¿åã䜿çšãã
ééã£ãããŒã¿åã䜿çšãããšãããŒã¿ã®ç²ŸåºŠãäœäžããããŒãã«ã®çµåãå°é£ã«ãªããå±æ§ã®åæãå°é£ã«ãªãããã¡ã€ã« ãµã€ãºãè¥å€§åããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
æ
å ±ã®æŽåæ§ã確ä¿ããã«ã¯ãå±æ§ã«ã¯èš±å®¹ãããããŒã¿åã®ã¿ãå«ãŸããŠããå¿
èŠããããŸãã 幎霢ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã«å
¥åããå Žåã¯ãåã«æ倧 3 æ¡ã®æŽæ°ãæ ŒçŽãããŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
NULL å€ãå«ã空ã®åãæå°éã«äœæããŸãã ãã¹ãŠã®åã NULL ãšããŠäœæãããšãããã¯å€§ããªééãã§ãã ããŒã¿ãäžæã§ãããããŸã æå³ãç解ããŠããªãå Žåã«ãç¹å®ã®ããžãã¹æ©èœãå®è¡ããããã«ç©ºã®åãå¿ èŠãªå Žåã¯ãèªç±ã«äœæããŠãã ããã çµå±ã®ãšããããæ»äº¡æ¥ããã解éæ¥ãã®æ¬ãäºåã«èšå ¥ããããšã¯ã§ããŸãã;ç§ãã¡ã¯ç©ºã«æãåããäºæž¬è ã§ã¯ãããŸãã:-)ã
ã»ãšãã©ã®ã¢ããªã³ã° ãœãããŠã§ã¢ (ER/StudioãMySQL WorkbenchãSQL DBMãgliffy).
com) data ã䜿çšãããšãããŒã¿é åã®ãããã¿ã€ããäœæã§ããŸãã ããã«ãããæ£ããããŒã¿åãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ ããžãã¯ãè¯å¥œãªããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãä¿èšŒãããã ãã§ãªããå€ãå¿
é ã§ããããšãä¿èšŒãããŸãã
5. èªç¶äœã«ãªã
ããŒãã«å
ã®ã©ã®åãããŒãšããŠäœ¿çšãããã決å®ãããšãã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãã©ã®ãã£ãŒã«ããç·šéã§ããããåžžã«èæ
®ããŠãã ããã ããããããŒãšããŠéžæããªãã§ãã ãã - æªãèãã§ãã ããããããšãçºçããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããããããäžæã§ããããšã確èªããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
ããã¥ã©ã«ããŒãŸãã¯ããžãã¹ããŒã䜿çšããã®ãæåã§ãã ããã«ã¯ã»ãã³ãã£ãã¯ãªæå³ããããããããŒã¿ããŒã¹å ã§ã®éè€ãé¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããžãã¹ ããŒãäžæ (åãå§ã圹è·) ã§ãããŒãã«ã®å¥ã®è¡ã§ç¹°ãè¿ãããããå€æŽããå¿ èŠããªãéããçæããã人工ããŒãäž»ããŒãšããŠæå®ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
6. é©åºŠã«æ£èŠåãã
ããŒã¿ããŒã¹å
ã®ããŒã¿ãå¹æçã«æŽçããã«ã¯ãäžé£ã®ã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«åŸã£ãŠããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãæ£èŠåããå¿
èŠããããŸãã åŸãã¹ãæ£èŠåœ¢ã¯ XNUMX ã€ãããŸãã
æ£èŠåã«ãããåé·æ§ãåé¿ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãŸãã¯ãµã€ãã§äœ¿çšãããããŒã¿ã®æŽåæ§ã確ä¿ãããŸãã
ãã€ãã®ããã«ãæ£åžžåã§ãã£ãŠãããã¹ãŠã¯é©åºŠã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã ããŒã¿ããŒã¹å ã«åãäžæã®ããŒãæã€ããŒãã«ãå€ãããå Žåã¯ã調åã«ä¹ã£ãŠããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãéå°ã«æ£èŠåããŠããããšã«ãªããŸãã é床ã®æ£èŠåã¯ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã«æªåœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
7. æ©ãã«ãã¹ãããé »ç¹ã«ãã¹ããã
ãã¹ãèšç»ãšé©åãªãã¹ãã¯ããŒã¿ããŒã¹èšèšã®äžéšã§ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ããã¹ãããæè¯ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãç¶ç¶çã€ã³ãã°ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã䜿çšããããšã§ãã ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã® XNUMX æ¥ãã·ããªãªãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒããããã¹ãŠã®ãšããž ã±ãŒã¹ãåŠçããããã©ãããããã³ã©ã®ãããªãŠãŒã¶ãŒ ã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãçºçããå¯èœæ§ããããã確èªããŸãã ãã°ãæ©ãçºèŠããã°ããã»ã©ãæéãšãéã®äž¡æ¹ãç¯çŽã§ããŸãã
ãããã¯ãåªããçç£æ§ãšå¹çæ§ã®ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãèšèšããããã«äœ¿çšã§ãã XNUMX ã€ã®ãã³ãã§ãã ãããã«åŸãã°ãå°æ¥çã«ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®é çãåé¿ã§ããã§ãããã ãããã®ãã³ãã¯ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ ã¢ããªã³ã°ã«ãããæ°·å±±ã®äžè§ã«ãããŸããã èšå€§ãªæ°ã®ã©ã€ãããã¯ããããŸãã ã©ãã䜿ããŸããïŒ
åºæïŒ habr.com