ãã¬ãŒããå¶åŸ¡ããããã«èšèšãããããã€ã¹ã«ã€ããŠè©±ããŸãããããããã®è£ 眮ã¯ãèå£ããšåŒã°ããŠããŸãããé²åã®é·ãéã®ãã«ãããæ¥åžžçãªæå³ã§ã®èå£ããã¯ããªãé ãé¢ããããªãè€éãªç©ºæ°å§èªååè£ çœ®ã«å€ãããŸããã
å€ãè¯ãã¹ããŒã«ãã«ã 394 ã¯ä»ã§ãééè»äž¡ã«äœ¿çšãããŠããŸã
1. ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒçšã¯ã¬ãŒã³ - ç°¡åãªçŽ¹ä»
å®çŸ©ã«ãã
é転士çšåè»ãã«ã - åè»ã®ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åã®å€åã®å€§ãããšå€åçãå¶åŸ¡ããããã«èšèšãããè£ çœ® (ãŸãã¯äžé£ã®è£ 眮)
çŸåšäœ¿çšãããŠãããã©ã€ããŒãã¬ã€ã³ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã¯ãçŽæ¥å¶åŸ¡è£ 眮ãšé éå¶åŸ¡è£ 眮ã«åããããŸãã
çŽæ¥å¶åŸ¡è£ 眮ã¯ãã®ãžã£ã³ã«ã®å€å žã§ãããã»ãšãã©ã®æ©é¢è»ãè€æ°ã®ãŠãããåè»ãããã³ç¹æ®çšéã®è»äž¡ (ããŸããŸãªéè·¯è»äž¡ãééè»äž¡ãªã©) ã«èšçœ®ãããŠããŸãã No.394ãšã³ã³ããŒãžã§ã³ã 395å·ã KDPV ã«è¡šç€ºãããŠããæåã®ãã®ã¯è²šç©æ©é¢è»ã«èšçœ®ãããXNUMX ã€ç®ã¯æ 客æ©é¢è»ã«èšçœ®ãããŠããŸãã
空æ°å§ãšããæå³ã§ã¯ããããã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã¯äºãã«ãŸã£ããéãã¯ãããŸãããã€ãŸãå šãåäžã§ããäžéšã® 395 ãã«ãã«ã¯ãXNUMX ã€ã®ããžç©Žã®ãããã¹ãäžç·ã«é³é ãããŠãããããã«é»ç©ºãã¬ãŒãå¶åŸ¡ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã®ã猶ããåãä»ããããŠããŸãã
èªç¶çæ¯å°ã«ãããªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã® 395 çªç®ã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³
ãããã®è£
眮ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåæããèµ€è²ã«å¡è£
ãããŠãããæ©é¢è»ã®ä¹åå¡ãšæ©é¢è»ãæŽåããæè¡è
ã®äž¡æ¹ããããã«äžããã¹ãéåžžã«éèŠã§ãããç¹å¥ãªæ³šæãæãå¿
èŠãããããšã瀺ããŠããŸããé»è»ã®ãã¬ãŒãããã¹ãŠã§ããããšãããäžåºŠæãåºãããŸãã
ãããã®æ©åšã«ã¯ãµãã©ã€ãã€ãã©ã€ã³ïŒPMïŒãšãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ïŒTMïŒãçŽçµãããŠããããã³ãã«ãåãããšã§ç©ºæ°ã®æµããçŽæ¥å¶åŸ¡ããŸãã
é éæäœã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã§ã¯ãé転åžã«èšçœ®ãããã¯ã¬ãŒã³èªäœã§ã¯ãªããããããå¶åŸ¡ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒããããžã¿ã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãä»ããŠãè»äž¡ã®ãšã³ãžã³ã«ãŒã ã«èšçœ®ãããå¥åã®é»ç©ºããã«ã«ã³ãã³ããéä¿¡ããŸããæ©é¢è»ãåœå ã®ééè»äž¡ã¯é転士ãèŠåŽããŠã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã䜿ã£ãŠããŸããä¹ ãã¶ãã«è»äž¡ã«ç»å Žãã130å·ã
ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã®ç¶æ
ãé»æ°æ©é¢è»EP130ã®å¶åŸ¡ç€ã®No.20ïŒå³åŽãå§åèšç€ã®é£ïŒ
é»æ°æ©é¢è»EP20ã®æ©é¢å®€ç©ºæ°å§ããã«
ãªããã®ããã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ãããã?ãã¬ãŒãã®æåå¶åŸ¡ã«å ããŠãããšãã°åè»ã®èªåæèµã·ã¹ãã ã«ããèªåå¶åŸ¡ãæšæºã§å¯èœã§ãã 394/395 ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ãè£
åããæ©é¢è»ã§ã¯ãã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã«ç¹å¥ãªã¢ã¿ããã¡ã³ããåãä»ããå¿
èŠããããŸãããèšç»éãã130 å°ç®ã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã¯ãåœå
ã®ééè»äž¡ã§äœ¿çšãããŠãã CAN ãã¹ãä»ããŠåè»å¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ã«çµ±åãããŠããŸãã
ãªãç§ã¯ãã®ããã€ã¹ããå¿è匷ãããšåŒãã ã®ã§ãããã?ããã¯ãç§ãè»äž¡ã«åããŠç»å Žããç¬éãçŽæ¥ç®æããããã§ãããã®ãããªè£ 眮ã¯ããã·ã¢ã®æ°ããé»æ°æ©é¢è»ã®æåã®çªå·ã2ES5K-001 Ermakã2ES4K-001 Donchakãããã³ EP2K-001 ã«æèŒãããŸããã
2007幎ã«ã¯2ES4K-001圢é»æ°æ©é¢è»ã®æ€å®è©Šéšã«åå ããŸããããã®æ©æ¢°ã«ã¯130å°ç®ã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ãæèŒãããŸãããããããåœæããä¿¡é Œæ§ãäœããšè©±é¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããããããèªç¶ã«ãã¬ãŒãã解é€ãããå¥è·¡ã®æè¡ã§ãããããã£ãŠã圌ãã¯ããã«ãããæŸæ£ãããErmakiãããDonchakããããã³EP2Kã¯394å°ãš395å°ã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã§çç£ãéå§ããŸãããæ°ããããã€ã¹ãå®æãããŸã§é²æãé ããŸããããã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã¯ã20 幎㫠EP2011 é»æ°æ©é¢è»ã®çç£ãéå§ãããŠåããŠããŽã©ãã§ã«ã«ãã¹ã¯æ©é¢è»ã«æ»ããŸããããããããErmakiãããDonchakããããã³ EP2K ã«ã¯ãã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã®æ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ãæäŸãããŸããã§ãããã¡ãªã¿ã«ã2å·æ©ã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ãæèŒããEP001K-130ã¯ãçŸåšäºååºå°ã§æœã¡æãŠãŠããããšããããæŸæ£ãããééãã¡ã³ã®ãããªã§æè¿ç¥ã£ãã
ããããééåŽåè ã¯ãã®ãããªã·ã¹ãã ã«å®å šãªä¿¡é Œã眮ããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãããããã«ã 130 ãåãããã¹ãŠã®æ©é¢è»ã«ã¯ãç°¡æã¢ãŒãã§ãã¬ãŒã ã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åãçŽæ¥å¶åŸ¡ã§ããããã¯ã¢ããå¶åŸ¡ãã«ããè£ åãããŠããŸãã
EP20 ãã£ãã³å
ã®ããã¯ã¢ãã ãã¬ãŒã ã³ã³ãããŒã« ãã«ã
æ©é¢è»ã«ã¯ 2 çªç®ã®å¶åŸ¡è£
眮ãèšçœ®ãããŠããŸã - è£å©ãã¬ãŒããã«ã (KVT) ã¯ãåè»ã®ãã¬ãŒãã«é¢ä¿ãªããæ©é¢è»ã®ãã¬ãŒããå¶åŸ¡ããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸãããã¡ããé»è»ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã®å·ŠåŽã§ã
è£å©ãã¬ãŒããã«ãã®ç¶æ
ã No.254
åçã¯å€å
žçãªè£å©ãã¬ãŒããã«ãã®ç¶æ
ã瀺ããŠããŸãã 254å·ãçŸåšã§ãæ
客æ©é¢è»ãšè²šç©æ©é¢è»ã®äž¡æ¹ã«å€ãã®å Žæã«èšçœ®ãããŠããŸãã銬è»ã®ãã¬ãŒããšã¯ç°ãªããæ©é¢è»ã®ãã¬ãŒãã·ãªã³ããŒã¯ 決ã㊠ãªã¶ãŒãã¿ã³ã¯ããã¯çŽæ¥å
å¡«ãããŸãããäºåã¿ã³ã¯ãšç©ºæ°åé
åšã®äž¡æ¹ãæ©é¢è»ã«åãä»ããããŠããŸãããäžè¬ã«ãæ©é¢è»ã«ã¯ãã¬ãŒã ã·ãªã³ããŒã®æ°ãå€ããããæ©é¢è»ã®ãã¬ãŒãåè·¯ã¯ããè€éã«ãªããŸããç·å®¹éã¯8ãªããã«ããã倧å¹
ã«å€§ãããããäºåã¿ã³ã¯ãã0,4MPaã®å§åãŸã§å
å¡«ããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããäºåã¿ã³ã¯ã®å®¹éãå¢ããå¿
èŠããããããã«ããå
é»æéãé·ããªããŸããè»èŒå
å¡«è£
眮ãžã
æ©é¢è»ã§ã¯ãTC ã¯äž»ã¿ã³ã¯ããè£å©ãã¬ãŒã ãã«ãããŸãã¯é転士ã®åè»ãã«ãã«ãã£ãŠæäœããã空æ°åé åšã«ãã£ãŠæäœãããå§åã¹ã€ãããä»ããŠå å¡«ãããŸãã
ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ 254 ã«ã¯ãããèªäœãå§åã¹ã€ãããšããŠæ©èœãããšããç¹æ§ããããåè»ã«ãã¬ãŒããããããããšãã«æ©é¢è»ã®ãã¬ãŒãã (段éçã«!) 解é€ããããšãã§ããŸãããã®æ¹åŒã¯äžç¶åšãšã㊠KVT ããªã³ã«ããåè·¯ãšåŒã°ãã貚ç©æ©é¢è»ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
è£å©ãã¬ãŒãåŒã¯ãæ©é¢è»ã®å ¥æåäœæããåæ¢åŸãé§è»æã®åè»ã®åºå®ã«äœ¿çšãããŸããåè»ãåæ¢ããçŽåŸããã®ãã«ãã¯ãã¬ãŒãã®æåŸã®äœçœ®ã«é 眮ãããåè»ã®ãã¬ãŒãã解é€ãããŸããæ©é¢è»ã®ãã¬ãŒãã¯ãããªãæ·±å»ãªåéã§ãæ©é¢è»ãšåè»ã®äž¡æ¹ãä¿æããããšãã§ããŸãã
EP20 ãªã©ã®ææ°ã®é»æ°æ©é¢è»ã«ã¯ãä»ã® KVT ãåãä»ããããŠããŸãã No.224
è£å©ãã¬ãŒããã«ãã®ç¶æ
ã No.224ïŒå¥ããã«å³åŽïŒ
2. é転æã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³å¶åŸ¡ã®èšèšãšåäœåçã No.394/395
ãããã£ãŠãç§ãã¡ã®ããŒããŒã¯ãæéãšäœçŸäžããã¡ãŒãã«ã®ç§»åã«ãã£ãŠèšŒæãããå€ããã®ãã¯ã¬ãŒã³394ïŒããã³395ã§ããã䌌ãŠããŸãããããã£ãŠã130çªç®ã®ããã€ã¹ã念é ã«çœ®ããŠãããã€ã¹ã®394ã€ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãïŒããªãææ°ã® 130 ã§ã¯ãªããããªã®ã§ãããã?ãŸããä»æ¥ã§ã¯ 394 èå£ã®æ¹ãäžè¬çã§ãããããŠç¬¬äºã«ãXNUMXçªç®ã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ããŸãã¯ããããã®ç©ºæ°å§ããã«ã¯ãååãšããŠå€ãã¯ã¬ãŒã³XNUMXãšäŒŒãŠããŸãã
ãã©ã€ããŒãºã¯ã¬ãŒã³å€æNo. 394: 1 â ææ°ãã«ãã·ã£ã³ã¯ã®ããŒã¹ã 2 â äžå身ã 3 - ã·ãŒã«ã«ã©ãŒã 4 - æ¥ã 5 - ææ°ãã«ãã 6 â ææ°ãã«ãã·ãŒãä»ãããã·ã³ã°ã 7 - ã€ã³ã©ã€ãžã³ã°ãã¹ãã³ã 8 â ãŽã 補ã®è¢å£ãå¯éããŸãã 9 â ã·ãŒã«çšçé®ãªã³ã°ã 10 â äžå€®éšåã®æ¬äœã 11 â äžéšã®æ¬äœã 12 - ã¹ããŒã«ã 13 - ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãã³ãã«ã 14 â ãã³ãã«ããã¯ã 15 - ããã; 16 â ã¯ã©ã³ãããžã 17 - ãããã 18 - ã¹ããŒã«ã¹ããªã³ã°ã 19 - é«å§æŽæµæ©ã 20 - åãä»ãã¹ã¿ããã 21 - ããã¯ãã³ã 22 - ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã 23 â äŸçµŠãã«ãã¹ããªã³ã°ã 24 - äŸçµŠãã«ãã 25 â äŸçµŠãã«ãã®ã·ãŒããåããããã·ã¥ã 26 - ã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹ãã€ã€ãã©ã ã 30 â ã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹èª¿æŽã¹ããªã³ã°ã 31 â ã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹èª¿æŽã«ãã
ãããã§ããïŒæ¬æ Œçãªè£
眮ããã®è£
眮ã¯äžéšïŒã¹ããŒã«ïŒãäžéïŒäžéïŒéšåãäžéšïŒã€ã³ã©ã€ã¶ãŒïŒãã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒãã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹ã§æ§æãããŠããŸããã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹ã¯å³ã®å³äžã«ç€ºãããŠããŸãããã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒã¯åå¥ã«ç€ºããŸã
é転åžã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã®ã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒã®ç¶æ
ã No. 394: 1 - ãã©ã°; 2 - ã¹ãããã«ãã«ãã¹ããªã³ã°; 3 - ã¹ãããã«ãã«ã; 4 - ã¹ãããã«ãã«ãã·ãŒãã 5 - çŽåŸ0,45 mmã®æ ¡æ£ãããç©Žã 6 - ãã€ã€ãã©ã ã 7 - ã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒæ¬äœã 8 â 匷調ã 10 - 調æŽã¹ããªã³ã°ã 11 â ã¬ã©ã¹ã®èª¿æŽã
èå£ã®åäœã¢ãŒãã¯ãã³ãã«ãåãããšã§èšå®ãããã¹ããŒã«ãå転ããŸããã¹ããŒã«ã¯èå£ã®äžå€®éšåã«ãããã©ãŒã«ãã£ãããšç 磚ãããŠããŸã (ãããŠå®å šã«æœ€æ»ãããŠããŸã!)ã 7 ã€ã®æ¡é ããããéåžžã¯ããŒãæ°åã§æå®ãããŸãã
- ç§ - äŒæãšéå
- II - é»è»
- III - ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ã«æŒããäŸçµŠããã«ãªãŒããŒã©ãããã
- IV - ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ããã®æŒãã®äŸçµŠãšéè€ãã
- Va - ãã£ãããšãããã¬ãŒãã³ã°
- V - ãµãŒãã¹ããŒã¹ã§ã®ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°
- VI - ç·æ¥ãã¬ãŒã
çœåŒã¢ãŒããæ°æ§èµ°è¡ã¢ãŒããããã³é§è»ã¢ãŒãã§ã¯ãåè»ãã¬ãŒããäœåãããå¿ èŠããªãå Žåãã¯ã¬ãŒã³ ãã³ãã«ã¯ 2 çªç®ã®äœçœ®ã«èšå®ãããŸãã é»è» äœçœ®
ã¹ããŒã«ãšã¹ããŒã«ãã©ãŒã«ã¯ããã³ãã«ã®äœçœ®ã«å¿ããŠãããã€ã¹ã®ããéšåããå¥ã®éšåã«ç©ºæ°ãæµãããã£ãã«ãšèª¿æŽãããç©Žãå«ãŸããŠããŸããã¹ããŒã«ãšãã©ãŒã¯ãããªæãã§ã
ããã«ãé転è
çšã¯ã¬ãŒã³ïŒïŒïŒã¯ãããããã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã«æ¥ç¶ãããŠããã ãµãŒãžã¿ã³ã¯ (UR) 容é20ãªããã«ããã®ãªã¶ãŒããŒã¯ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ (TM) ã®å§åã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã§ããã€ã³ã©ã€ãžã³ã°ã¿ã³ã¯ã«èšçœ®ãããå§åã¯ããã©ã€ããŒã¿ããã®ã€ã³ã©ã€ãžã³ã°éšåãšãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å
ã§ç¶æãããŸãïŒãã³ãã«ã®äœçœ® IãIIIãVI ãé€ãïŒã
åçåãªã¶ãŒããŒãšãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åã¯ãèšåšããã« (éåžžã¯é転åžã®ãã«ãã®è¿ã) ã«åãä»ããããå¶åŸ¡å§åã²ãŒãžã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã 2 éå§åèšããã䜿çšãããŸããããšãã°ã次ã®ãããªå§åèšã§ãã
èµ€ãç¢å°ã¯ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å
ã®å§åã瀺ããé»ãç¢å°ã¯ãµãŒãžã¿ã³ã¯å
ã®å§åã瀺ããŸã
ãããã£ãŠãã¯ã¬ãŒã³ããã¬ã€ã³äœçœ®ã«ãããšãããããã å
å¡«å§åãæ©é¢è»çœåŒã®è€æ°ãŠãããã®è»äž¡ããã³æ
客åè»ã®å Žåããã®å€ã¯éåžž 0,48 ïœ 0,50 MPaã貚ç©åè»ã®å Žå㯠0,50 ïœ 0,52 MPa ã§ããããããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåã0,50 MPa ã§ãããSapsan ãš Lastochka ã§ã¯åãå§åã䜿çšãããŸãã
UR å ã®è£ å ¥å§åãç¶æããè£ çœ®ã¯ãæžéæ©ãšã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒã§ãããããããå®å šã«ç¬ç«ããŠåäœããŸããã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒã¯äœãããã®ã§ããïŒæ¬äœã«ããçŽåŸ 0,45 mm ã®æ ¡æ£ãããç©ŽãéããŠãåçåã¿ã³ã¯ãã空æ°ãç¶ç¶çã«æŸåºããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ãäžç¬ãããšãäžæããããšãªããç¶ç¶çã«ãã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒãéã空æ°ã®æŸåºã¯å³å¯ã«äžå®ã®é床ã§çºçãããã®é床ã¯ã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒå ã®ã¹ãããã« ãã«ãã«ãã£ãŠç¶æãããŸããåå§ã¿ã³ã¯å ã®å§åãäœããªãã»ã©ãã¹ãããã« ãã«ãããããã«éããŸãããã®é床ã¯åžžçšãã¬ãŒãé床ãããã¯ããã«äœããã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒæ¬äœã®èª¿æŽã«ãããåãããšã§èª¿æŽã§ããŸããããã¯ãµãŒãžã¿ã³ã¯å ãæé€ããããã«è¡ãããŸã ã¹ãŒããŒãã£ãŒãžã£ãŒ ïŒã€ãŸããå é»ãè¶ ããïŒå§åã
åçåã¿ã³ã¯ããã®ç©ºæ°ãã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒãéã£ãŠåžžã«åºãŠããå Žåãé ããæ©ãããã¹ãŠã®ç©ºæ°ãåºãã§ãããã?ç§ã¯åºçºãããã®ã§ãããã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹ããããèš±ããŸããã§ããã UR å ã®å§åãå å¡«ã¬ãã«ãäžåããšãæžéæ©ã®äŸçµŠãã«ããéããåå§ã¿ã³ã¯ãšäŸçµŠã©ã€ã³ãæ¥ç¶ããã空æ°äŸçµŠãè£å ãããŸãããããã£ãŠãåå§ã¿ã³ã¯å ã§ã¯ããã«ããã³ãã«ã® 0,5 çªç®ã®äœçœ®ã§ãXNUMX MPa ã®å§åãåžžã«ç¶æãããŸãã
ãã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ã次ã®å³ã§æããã説æãããŠããŸã
II (ãã¬ã€ã³) äœçœ®ã§ã®é転士ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã®åäœ: GR - ã¡ã€ã³ã¿ã³ã¯ã TM - ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ã UR - ãµãŒãžã¿ã³ã¯ã - 倧æ°äž
ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ã¯ã©ãã§ããããïŒãã®äžã®å§åã¯ããã«ãã®åå§éšåã䜿çšããŠåå§ã¿ã³ã¯å
ã®å§åãšçããç¶æãããŸããåå§éšåã¯åå§ãã¹ãã³ (å³ã®äžå€®)ããã¹ãã³ã«ãã£ãŠé§åãããäŸçµŠããã³åºå£ãã«ãã§æ§æãããŸãããã¹ãã³äžéšã®ãã£ããã£ã¯ãµãŒãž ã¿ã³ã¯ (é»è²ã®é å) ãšé£éãããã¹ãã³ã®äžã®ãã£ããã£ã¯ãã¬ãŒã ã©ã€ã³ (èµ€è²ã®é å) ãšé£éããŠããŸãã UR å
ã®å§åãå¢å ãããšããã¹ãã³ãäžéããŠãã¬ãŒã ã©ã€ã³ãšäŸçµŠã©ã€ã³ãæ¥ç¶ãããTM å
ã®å§åãš UR å
ã®å§åãçãããªããŸã§ãã®å§åãå¢å ããŸãã
åçåãªã¶ãŒããŒå ã®å§åãäœäžãããšããã¹ãã³ãäžåãã«ç§»åããŠææ°ãã«ããéãããã¹ãã³ã®äžäžã®å§åãåã³åçã«ãªããŸã§ããããéã£ãŠãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ããã®ç©ºæ°ã倧æ°äžã«éããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠããã¬ã€ã³äœçœ®ã§ã¯ããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åã¯ãã£ãŒãžå§åãšçããç¶æãããŸããåæã«ãããããã®æŒããäŸçµŠãããŸãããªããªããç§ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠåžžã«è©±ããŠããã®ã§ãããããã«ã¯ééããªãåžžã«æŒãããããŸããè»äž¡ãšæ©é¢è»ã®äºåã¿ã³ã¯ã«ãåãå§åã確ç«ãããæŒããæåºãããŸãã
ãã¬ãŒããäœåãããã«ã¯ããã©ã€ããŒã¯ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã®ãã³ãã«ã V ã®äœçœ®ã«çœ®ãããµãŒãã¹ããŒã¹ã§ãã¬ãŒãããããŸãããã®å Žåã空æ°ã¯èª¿æŽãããç©ŽãéããŠåçåã¿ã³ã¯ããæŸåºããã0,01 ç§ããã 0,04 ïœ XNUMX MPa ã®å§åéäžçã確ä¿ãããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ããµãŒãžã¿ã³ã¯ã®å§åèšã䜿çšããŠãã©ã€ããŒã«ãã£ãŠå¶åŸ¡ãããŸãããã«ããã³ãã«ãäœçœ® V ã«ããéã空æ°ã¯åå§ã¿ã³ã¯ããåºãŸããã€ã³ã©ã€ãžã³ã°ãã¹ãã³ãäœåããäžæããŠãªãªãŒã¹ãã«ããéãããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ããã®å§åã解æŸããŸãã
åå§ã¿ã³ã¯ãã空æ°ãæŸåºããããã»ã¹ãåæ¢ããã«ã¯ããªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãã«ããã³ãã«ããªãŒããŒã©ããäœçœ® (III ãŸã㯠IV) ã«çœ®ããŸããã€ã³ã©ã€ãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ã¿ã³ã¯ãããã€ãŸããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ãã空æ°ãæŸåºããããã»ã¹ãåæ¢ããŸããããããµãŒãã¹ãã¬ãŒã段éã®å®è¡æ¹æ³ã§ãããã¬ãŒãã®å¹ããäžååãªå Žåã¯ãå¥ã®ã¹ããããå®è¡ããããã®ããã«ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ãã³ãã«ãåã³ V ã®äœçœ®ã«ç§»åãããŸãã
éåžžæ å ¬åŒ å¶åæããã¬ãŒââãã©ã€ã³ã®æ倧ååºæ·±ã㯠0,15 MPa ãè¶ ããŠã¯ãªããŸããããªãïŒç¬¬äžã«ãããæ·±ãæŸé»ããŠãæå³ããããŸãããè»ã®ãªã¶ãŒãã¿ã³ã¯ãšãã¬ãŒãã·ãªã³ã㌠(BC) ã®å®¹ç©ã®æ¯çã«ãããBC å ã«ã¯ 0,4 MPa ãè¶ ããå§åãèç©ãããŸããããŸãã0,15 MPa ã®ååºéã¯ããã¬ãŒã ã·ãªã³ããŒå ã®å§å 0,4 MPa ã«çžåœããŸãã第äºã«ãããæ·±ãæŸé»ããããšã¯åçŽã«å±éºã§ãããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åãäœããšããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ããæ£ç¢ºã«å é»ãããããããã¬ãŒãã解é€ãããšäºåãªã¶ãŒããŒã®å é»æéãé·ããªããŸããã€ãŸãããã®ãããªè¡åã¯ãã¬ãŒãã®æ¶èã䌎ããŸãã
奜å¥å¿æºçãªèªè ã¯ãããžã·ã§ã³ III ãš IV ã®å€©äºã®éãã¯äœãªã®ããšå°ããã§ãããã
äœçœ® IV ã§ã¯ããã«ã ã¹ããŒã«ããã©ãŒã®ãã¹ãŠã®ç©Žãå®å šã«èŠããŸããæžéæ©ã¯åå§ã¿ã³ã¯ã«å§åãäŸçµŠãããUR ããã®æŒããéåžžã«å°ãªããããåå§ã¿ã³ã¯å ã®å§åã¯éåžžã«å®å®ãããŸãŸã«ãªããŸããåæã«ãåçåãã¹ãã³ã¯äœåãç¶ãããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ããã®æŒããè£å ããæåŸã®ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°åŸã«åçåãªã¶ãŒããŒå ã«ç¢ºç«ãããå§åããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã§ç¶æããŸãããããã£ãŠããã®èŠå®ã¯ããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ããã®æŒãã®äŸçµŠãšã®éè€ããšåŒã°ããŸãã
äœçœ® III ã§ã¯ããã«ã ã¹ããŒã«ã¯åçåãã¹ãã³ã®äžäžã®ãã£ããã£ãšé£éããåçåæ¬äœã®åäœããããã¯ããŸããäž¡æ¹ã®ãã£ããã£å ã®å§åã¯æŒãã®é床ã§åæã«äœäžããŸãããã®ãªãŒã¯ã¯ã€ã³ã©ã€ã¶ãŒã«ãã£ãŠåå é»ãããŸããããããã£ãŠããã«ãã® 3 çªç®ã®äœçœ®ã¯ããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ããã®æŒããäŸçµŠããã«ãªãŒããŒã©ããããããšåŒã°ããŸãã
ãªããã®ãããªããžã·ã§ã³ã 2 ã€ããã®ãããŸããã©ã€ããŒã¯ã©ã®ãããªãªãŒããŒã©ããã䜿çšããã®ã§ãããã?ã©ã¡ãããç¶æ³ãšæ©é¢è»ã®éè¡ã®çš®é¡ã«å¿ããŠç°ãªããŸãã
å©æåžãã¬ãŒããæäœãããšããæ瀺ã«åŸã£ãŠã次ã®å Žåããã©ã€ããŒã¯ãã«ããäœçœ® III (ååã®ãªãã«ãŒã) ã«çœ®ãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
- çŠæ¢ä¿¡å·ã«åŸããšã
- å¶åŸ¡ãã¬ãŒãäžæ®µç®ä»¥éã«EPTãå¶åŸ¡ããå Žå
- æ¥ãªåéãè¡ãæ¢ãŸãã«äžãããšã
ããããã¹ãŠã®ç¶æ³ã«ãããŠããã¬ãŒããèªç¶ã«è§£é€ããããšã¯å®¹èªã§ããŸãããã©ãããŠãããªããšãèµ·ããã®ã§ããããïŒã¯ããããã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã§ããä¹å®¢çšç©ºæ°åé åšã¯ããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ãšäºåãªã¶ãŒããŒã® 2 ã€ã®å§åã®å·®ã§åäœããŸãããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åãå¢å ãããšããã¬ãŒãã¯å®å šã«è§£æŸãããŸãã
ããã§ããã¬ãŒãããããŠããžã·ã§ã³ IV ã«ãããšãã«ããã«ãã®äŸçµŠããã¬ãŒã ã©ã€ã³ããæŒãããšæ³åããŠã¿ãŸãããããããŠãã®ãšããå宀ã®èª°ããã¹ããããã«ããå°ãéããŠããéããŸã-æªå ãéãã§ããŸããé転åžã®ãã«ãã¯ãã®æŒããåžåããããã«ãããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åãäžæããããã«ææãªå©æåžã®ãšã¢ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã¿ãå®å šã«è§£æŸããŸãã
貚ç©ãã©ãã¯ã§ã¯ã䞻㫠IV äœçœ®ã䜿çšãããŸããè²šç© VR 㯠TM å ã®å§åã®å¢å ã«ããã»ã©ææã§ã¯ãªããããå³ãããªãªãŒã¹ãè¡ããŸããããžã·ã§ã³ III ã¯ããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ã«èš±å®¹ã§ããªãæŒãã®çããããå Žåã«ã®ã¿èšå®ãããŸãã
ãã¬ãŒãã¯ã©ã®ããã«è§£é€ãããã®ã§ããããïŒå®å šã«ãªãªãŒã¹ããã«ã¯ããªãã¬ãŒã¿ã®ã¿ãã ãã³ãã«ãäœçœ® I (ãªãªãŒã¹ããã³å é») ã«çœ®ããŸãããã®å Žåãåå§ã¿ã³ã¯ãšãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ã®äž¡æ¹ãäŸçµŠã©ã€ã³ã«çŽæ¥æ¥ç¶ãããŸããåçåã¿ã³ã¯ãžã®å å¡«ã®ã¿ããæ ¡æ£ãããç©ŽãéããŠãéãããããããªãç©ãããªããŒã¹ã§è¡ããããããå§åèšã䜿çšããŠå§åãå¶åŸ¡ã§ããŸãããŸãããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ã¯ããå¹ åºã®ãã£ãã«ãä»ããŠå å¡«ããããããããã§ã®å§åã¯ããã« 0,7 ïœ 0,9 MPa (åè»ã®é·ãã«å¿ããŠ) ã«äžæãããã«ããã³ãã«ã XNUMX çªç®ã®äœçœ®ã«é 眮ããããŸã§ãã®å§åãç¶æãããŸããäœæ ã§ããïŒ
ããã¯ããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ã«å€§éã®ç©ºæ°ãæŒã蟌ã¿ããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åãæ¥æ¿ã«é«ãã解æŸæ³¢ã確å®ã«æåŸå°Ÿã®è»äž¡ã«å°éããããã«ããããã«è¡ãããŸãããã®å¹æã¯ãšåŒã°ããŸã ãã«ã¹é絊ãããã«ãããäŒæãã®ãã®ãæ©ããããšãšãåè»å ã§äºåã®ã¿ã³ã¯ãããéãå é»ããããšãã§ããŸãã
åäžåã¿ã³ã¯ãäžå®ã®é床ã§å å¡«ããããšã§ãå泚ããã»ã¹ãå¶åŸ¡ã§ããŸããåè»å ã®å§åãå å¡«å§åã«éãããšã (æ 客åè»ã®å Žå)ããŸãã¯åè»ã®é·ãã«å¿ããŠããçšåºŠé倧è©äŸ¡ããå Žå (貚ç©åè»ã®å Žå)ãé転士ã®ã¿ãã ãã³ãã«ã¯ 2 çªç®ã®åè»ã®äœçœ®ã«é 眮ãããŸããã¹ã¿ãã©ã€ã¶ãŒã¯åå§ã¿ã³ã¯ã®éå é»ãé²ããåå§ãã¹ãã³ã¯ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³å ã®å§åãåå§ã¿ã³ã¯å ã®å§åãšè¿ éã«çããããŸãããã©ã€ããŒã®èŠç¹ããããã¬ãŒããå®å šã«è§£æŸããŠå é»å§åãŸã§è§£æŸããããã»ã¹ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
EPT å¶åŸ¡ã®å ŽåããŸãã¯ãšã¢ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã¿ã®å±±å²³é転ã¢ãŒãäžã®è²šç©åè»ã®å Žåã段éçãªãªãªãŒã¹ã¯ããã«ããã³ãã«ã第 2 åè»äœçœ®ã«çœ®ãããã®åŸå€©äºã«ç§»åããããšã«ãã£ãŠå®è¡ãããŸãã
é»ç©ºãã¬ãŒãã¯ã©ã®ããã«å¶åŸ¡ãããŠããã®ã§ããïŒ EPT ã¯ãEPT ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒãåããåããªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒ ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ (395 ã®ã¿) ããå¶åŸ¡ãããŸãããã³ãã« ã·ã£ããã®äžéšã«é 眮ããããã®ã猶ãã«ã¯ãå¶åŸ¡ãŠããããä»ããŠãã¬ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿã㊠EPT ã¯ã€ã€ãžã®æ£ãŸãã¯è² ã®é»äœã®äŸçµŠãå¶åŸ¡ããæ¥ç¹ãããããã®é»äœãé€å»ããŠè§£æŸããããšãã§ããŸãããã¬ãŒãã
EPT ããªã³ã«ãªããšãé転æã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã³ãäœçœ® Va (äœéãã¬ãŒã) ã«çœ®ãããšã«ãã£ãŠãã¬ãŒããå®è¡ãããŸãããã®å Žåããã¬ãŒãã·ãªã³ããŒã«ã¯é»æ°ãšã¢ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããæ¯ç§ 0,1 MPa ã®é床ã§çŽæ¥å å¡«ãããŸããããã»ã¹ã¯ãã¬ãŒãã·ãªã³ããŒå ã®å§åèšã䜿çšããŠç£èŠãããŸããåå§ã¿ã³ã¯ã®æåºã¯ããªããã£ãããšè¡ãããŸãã
EPT ã¯ããã«ããäœçœ® II ã«çœ®ãããšã§æ®µéçã«è§£æŸããããšããäœçœ® I ã«èšå®ã㊠UR å ã®å§åãå å¡«å§åã¬ãã«ãã 0,02 MPa ã ãé«ããããšã«ãã£ãŠå®å šã«è§£æŸããããšãã§ããŸãããã©ã€ããŒããèŠããšãããªæãã§ã
ç·æ¥ãã¬ãŒãã¯ã©ã®ããã«è¡ãããŸãã?ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®ãã«ããã³ãã«ãäœçœ® VI ã«èšå®ãããŠããå Žåããã«ãã¹ããŒã«ã¯ãã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ãå¹ åºã®ãã£ãã«ãä»ããŠå€§æ°äžã«çŽæ¥éããŸããå§åã¯å é»ãã 3 ïœ 4 ç§ã§ãŒããŸã§äœäžããŸãããµãŒãžã¿ã³ã¯å ã®å§åãäœäžããŸããããã®é床ã¯é ããªããŸããåæã«ããšã¢ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã®ç·æ¥ãã¬ãŒãã¢ã¯ã»ã«ãäœåããå VR ããã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã³ã倧æ°ã«éæŸããŸããè»èŒªã®äžããç«è±ãé£ã³ãè»èŒªã®äžã«ç ãå ¥ããŠããã®ã«è»èŒªãæ»ã£ãŠããŸãâŠã
ãã®ãããªã6 åç®ã®ã¹ããŒã€ã³ãããšã«ãé転士ã¯è»äž¡åºå°ã§åæãåããããšã«ãªããã€ãŸããé転士ã®è¡åããã¬ãŒãå¶åŸ¡ã«é¢ããæ瀺ãšè»äž¡ã®æè¡çæäœã«é¢ããèŠåã®æ瀺ã«åºã¥ããŠæ£åœåããããã©ããããŸããããã€ãã®åºæºã«åºã¥ããŠæ£åœåããããã©ããã§ãããããŒã«ã«æ瀺ã®ã ã6åç®ãæããããšãã«åœŒãçµéšããã¹ãã¬ã¹ã¯èšããŸã§ããããŸããã
ãããã£ãŠãããªããç·è·¯ã«åºãããè»ã§èžåãžã®é®ææ©ãããã£ããããå Žåã¯ãããªãã®ééããæãããæ°ãŸãããèå¢ã®æçµçãªè²¬ä»»ã¯çããŠãã人éãã€ãŸãé»è»ã®é転士ã«ããããšãå¿ããªãã§ãã ããããããŠããã€ãŒã«ã»ããã®è»è»žããè žãã»ã©ãããã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹ããçéŠãåãé€ããªããã°ãªããªã人ã ...
誰ãæããããã€ããã¯ãããŸãããããããçå®ã§ããè¡ãšèšå€§ãªç©è³ªçæ害ã§æžãããçå®ã§ãããããã£ãŠãé»è»ã®ãã¬ãŒãã¯èŠãç®ã»ã©åçŽã§ã¯ãããŸããã
åèš
ãã®èšäºã§ã¯è£å©ãã¬ãŒããã«ãã®åäœã«ã€ããŠã¯èæ ®ããŸãããçç±ã¯ 2 ã€ãããŸãããŸãããã®èšäºã¯å°éçšèªãšãã©ã€ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã§é£œåããããŠãããããã¥ã©ãŒãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã®æ çµã¿ã«ã»ãšãã©åœãŠã¯ãŸããŸããã次ã«ãKVT ã®åäœãèæ ®ããã«ã¯ãæ©é¢è»ã®ãã¬ãŒãã®ç©ºæ°å§åè·¯ã®åŸ®åŠãªéãã説æããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã«ã€ããŠã¯å¥ã®è°è«ã®ãããã¯ãšããŸãã
ãã®èšäºã§èªè ã«è¿·ä¿¡çãªææãæ€ãä»ããããã°å¹žãã§ã...ãããããããããã¡ããåè«ã§ããåè«ã¯ããŠãããééãã¬ãŒãã·ã¹ãã ã¯çžäºæ¥ç¶ãããéåžžã«è€éãªè£ 眮ã®è€åäœã§ããããã®èšèšã¯è»äž¡ã®è¿ éãã€å®å šãªå¶åŸ¡ãç®çãšããŠããããšãæããã«ãªã£ããšæããŸããããã«ããã¬ãŒããã«ããããã£ãŠæ©é¢è»ä¹åå¡ããããããããšããæ°æã¡ãæããšã©ãŸãããŠããã ããã°å¹žãã§ããå°ãªããšã誰ãã«ãšã£ãŠã¯âŠ
ã³ã¡ã³ãã§ãµããµã³ã«ã€ããŠæããŠã»ãããšé ŒãŸããŸããã ããã€ããµãããããããã¯éåžžã«åŸ®åŠãªè©³çŽ°ãå«ããç¬ç«ãããåªãã倧ããªèšäºã«ãªãäºå®ã§ãããã®é»è»ã¯ç§ã®äººçã«ãããŠãçããªãããéåžžã«åµé çãªææãäžããŠãããã®ã§ããã²ãã®é»è»ã«ã€ããŠè©±ããããšæããŸããå¿ ãçŽæãæãããŸãã
以äžã®æ¹ã ããã³å£äœã«æè¬ã®æãè¡šããããšæããŸãã
- EP20 ãã£ãã³ã®åççŽ æçš Roman Biryukov (ããã ãã·ã¢éé)
- ãµã€ã
www.pomogala.ru â ãªãœãŒã¹ããååŸããå³ã®å Žå - ããäžåºŠããŒãã»ããªã¥ã³ããšã»ã«ã²ã€ã»ã¢ãŽããã³ã«ãã¬ãŒãæäœã®åŸ®åŠãªåŽé¢ã«ã€ããŠã¢ããã€ã¹ãæ±ãã
芪æãªãå人ãã¡ããŸãäŒããŸãããïŒ
åºæïŒ habr.com