ãã£ãïŒ
ããã®ã³ãŒã¹ã®ç®çã¯ãæè¡çãªå°æ¥ã«åããŠæºåããããšã§ããã
ããã«ã¡ã¯ãããã«ã çŽ æŽãããèšäºãæãåºããŠãã ãã
ããã§ãããã³ã°ïŒã¯ããã¯ããèªå·±ç£èŠãšèªå·±ä¿®æ£
ããã¯åãªãITã«é¢ããæ¬ã§ã¯ãªããä¿¡ããããªãã»ã©ã¯ãŒã«ãªäººã ã®æèã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«ã€ããŠã®æ¬ã§ãã ãããã¯åã«ããžãã£ãæèãé«ããã ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã ããã¯ãçŽ æŽãããä»äºãããå¯èœæ§ãé«ããæ¡ä»¶ã説æããŠããŸããã
翻蚳ããŠããã Andrey Pakhomov ã«æè¬ããŸãã
æ
å ±çè«ã¯ã1940 幎代åŸåã« C. E. ã·ã£ãã³ã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããŸããã ãã«ç 究æã®çµå¶é£ã¯ãããããã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çè«ããšåŒã¶ãšäž»åŒµããŸããã ããã¯ããæ£ç¢ºãªååã§ãã æçœãªçç±ããããæ
å ±çè«ããšããååã¯äžè¬å€§è¡ã«ã¯ããã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããŠããããããã·ã£ãã³ããããéžãã çç±ã§ãããããã¯ä»æ¥ãŸã§ç§ãã¡ãç¥ã£ãŠããååã§ãã ååèªäœã¯ããã®çè«ãæ
å ±ãæ±ãããšã瀺åããŠãããæ
å ±åæ代ãããã«æ·±ãé²ãã«ã€ãããã®çè«ãéèŠã«ãªããŸãã ãã®ç« ã§ã¯ããã®çè«ããåŸãããããã€ãã®äž»ãªçµè«ã«ã€ããŠè§ŠããŸãããæ
å ±çè«ããå®éã«äœãªã®ããã©ãã«é©çšã§ããã®ããç解ã§ããããã«ããã®çè«ã®ããã€ãã®åå¥ã®èŠå®ã«ã€ããŠå³å¯ã§ã¯ãªãçŽæçãªèšŒæ ã瀺ããŸãããããŠããã§ãªããšããã
ãããããæ
å ±ããšã¯äœã§ããããïŒ ã·ã£ãã³ã¯æ
å ±ãäžç¢ºå®æ§ãšåäžèŠããŸãã 圌ã¯ã確ç p ã®ã€ãã³ããçºçãããšãã«åãåãæ
å ±ã®å®éç尺床ãšããŠãã€ãã³ãã®ç¢ºçã®è² ã®å¯Ÿæ°ãéžæããŸããã ããšãã°ãããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã®å€©æ°ã¯é§ã§ãããšäŒãããšãp 㯠1 ã«è¿ããªããŸãããå®éã«ã¯ããŸãæ
å ±ãåŸãããŸããã ãããã1 æã®ã¢ã³ãã¬ãŒã§ã¯éšãéããšèšã£ãå Žåãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã«ã¯äžç¢ºå®æ§ããããããå€ãã®æ
å ±ãå«ãŸããããšã«ãªããŸãã ãã° 0 = XNUMX ã§ãããããä¿¡é Œã§ããã€ãã³ãã«ã¯æ
å ±ãå«ãŸããŸããã
ãããããã«è©³ããèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã ã·ã£ãã³ã¯ãæ å ±ã®å®éç尺床ã¯ã€ãã³ãã®ç¢ºç p ã®é£ç¶é¢æ°ã§ããã¹ãã§ãããç¬ç«ããã€ãã³ãã®å Žåã¯å ç®çã§ããã¹ãã§ãããã€ãŸã 1 ã€ã®ç¬ç«ããã€ãã³ãã®çºçã®çµæãšããŠåŸãããæ å ±ã®éã¯ãå ±åã€ãã³ãã®çºçã®çµæãšããŠåŸãããæ å ±ã®éã ããšãã°ããµã€ã³ãã®åºç®ãšã³ã€ã³ã®åºç®ã¯éåžžãç¬ç«ããã€ãã³ããšããŠæ±ãããŸãã äžèšãæ°åŠã®èšèªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠã¿ãŸãããã I (p) ã確ç p ã®ã€ãã³ãã«å«ãŸããæ å ±éã§ããå Žåã確ç p2 ã® XNUMX ã€ã®ç¬ç«ããã€ãã³ã x ãšç¢ºç pXNUMX ã® y ãããªãå ±åã€ãã³ãã«ã€ããŠã次ã®çµæãåŸãããŸãã
(x ãš y ã¯ç¬ç«ããã€ãã³ãã§ã)
ããã¯é¢æ°ã³ãŒã·ãŒæ¹çšåŒã§ããããã¹ãŠã® p1 ãš p2 ã«åœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã ãã®é¢æ°æ¹çšåŒã解ãã«ã¯ã次ã®ããã«ä»®å®ããŸãã
p1 = p2 = pã
ããã¯äžãã
p1 = p2 ã〠p2 = p ã®å Žåã
çææ°é¢æ°ã®æšæºçãªæ¹æ³ã䜿çšããŠãã®ããã»ã¹ãæ¡åŒµãããšããã¹ãŠã®æçæ° m/n ã«å¯ŸããŠæ¬¡ã®ããšãåœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã
æ
å ±å°ºåºŠã®æ³å®ãããé£ç¶æ§ããã察æ°é¢æ°ãã³ãŒã·ãŒé¢æ°æ¹çšåŒã®å¯äžã®é£ç¶è§£ã§ããããšãããããŸãã
æ å ±çè«ã§ã¯ã察æ°ã®åºã 2 ãšããã®ãäžè¬çã§ããããã1 å€éžæã«ã¯ã¡ããã© XNUMX ãããã®æ å ±ãå«ãŸããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãæ å ±ã¯æ¬¡ã®åŒã§æž¬å®ãããŸãã
ç«ã¡æ¢ãŸã£ãŠãäžã§äœãèµ·ãã£ãã®ããç解ããŸãããã ãŸãããæ
å ±ããšããæŠå¿µãå®çŸ©ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã®å®éçãªå°ºåºŠãè¡šãåŒãå®çŸ©ããã ãã§ãã
第 XNUMX ã«ããã®ææšã«ã¯äžç¢ºå®æ§ããããé»è©±ã·ã¹ãã ãã©ãžãªããã¬ããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãªã©ã®æ©æ¢°ã«ã¯åççã«é©ããŠããŸãããæ å ±ã«å¯Ÿãã人éã®éåžžã®æ 床ã¯åæ ãããŠããŸããã
第äžã«ãããã¯çžå¯Ÿçãªå°ºåºŠã§ãããçŸåšã®ç¥èã®ç¶æ ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã ä¹±æ°çºçåšããã®ãä¹±æ°ãã®æµããèŠããšã次ã®åæ°å€ã¯äžç¢ºå®ã§ãããšæ³å®ããŸããããä¹±æ°ãã®èšç®åŒãç¥ã£ãŠããã°ã次ã®æ°å€ã¯æ¢ç¥ã§ããããã次ã®æ°å€ã¯äžç¢ºå®ã«ãªããŸããæ å ±ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠãã·ã£ãã³ã«ããæ å ±ã®å®çŸ©ã¯å€ãã®å Žåãæ©æ¢°ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯é©åã§ããããã®èšèã«å¯Ÿãã人éã®ç解ã«ã¯é©åããŠããªãããã§ãã ãæ å ±çè«ãããã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çè«ããšåŒã°ããã¹ãã ã£ãã®ã¯ãã®ããã§ãã ããããå®çŸ©ãå€ããã«ã¯é ãããŸãïŒå®çŸ©ããã®çè«ã«åœåã®äººæ°ãäžããä»ã§ããã®çè«ããæ å ±ããæ±ã£ãŠãããšäººã ã«æãããŠããŸãïŒãã·ã£ãã³ã®æ å ±ã®å®çŸ©ããäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããæå³ããã©ãã ãé¢ããŠããããæ確ã«ç解ããŸãã ã·ã£ãã³ã®æ å ±ã¯ãŸã£ããç°ãªããã®ãã€ãŸãäžç¢ºå®æ§ãæ±ã£ãŠããŸãã
çšèªãææ¡ãããšãã«èæ ®ãã¹ãç¹ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã ã·ã£ãã³ã®æ å ±ã®å®çŸ©ãªã©ãææ¡ãããå®çŸ©ã¯ããªãã®å ã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ãšã©ã®ããã«äžèŽããŸãã?ãŸããããã¯ã©ã®ããã«ç°ãªããŸãã? æŠå¿µã«ã€ããŠã®ãããŸã§ã®ããžã§ã³ãæ£ç¢ºã«åæ ããçšèªã¯ã»ãšãã©ãããŸããããæçµçã«ã¯äœ¿çšãããçšèªãæŠå¿µã®æå³ãåæ ãããããæ確ãªå®çŸ©ãéããŠäœãã圢åŒåãããšãåžžã«ãã€ãºãçããŸãã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã確ç pi ã®èšå· q ã§æ§æãããã·ã¹ãã ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã ãã®å Žå å¹³åçãªæ å ±é ã·ã¹ãã å ã® (æåŸ å€) ã¯æ¬¡ãšçãããªããŸãã
ããã確çååž {pi} ãæã€ç³»ã®ãšã³ããããŒãšåŒã³ãŸãã ç§ãã¡ãããšã³ããããŒããšããçšèªã䜿çšããã®ã¯ãåãæ°åŠç圢åŒãç±ååŠãšçµ±èšååŠã«çŸããããã§ãã ããããããšã³ããããŒããšããçšèªãããèªäœã®åšå²ã«éèŠãªãªãŒã©ãçã¿åºãçç±ã§ãããããã¯æçµçã«ã¯æ£åœåãããŸããã åãæ°åŠçè¡šèšåœ¢åŒã¯ãèšå·ã®åã解éãæå³ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
確çååžã®ãšã³ããããŒã¯ã笊å·åçè«ã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸãã XNUMX ã€ã®ç°ãªã確çååž pi ãš qi ã®ã®ãã¹äžçåŒã¯ããã®çè«ã®éèŠãªçµæã® XNUMX ã€ã§ãã ãããã£ãŠãããã蚌æããªããã°ãªããŸãã
蚌æã¯æãããªã°ã©ãã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã 13.Iãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããšã瀺ããŠããŸã
ãããŠç䟡æ§ã¯ x = 1 ã®å Žåã«ã®ã¿éæãããŸãã巊蟺ããåèšã®åé
ã«äžçåŒãé©çšããŠã¿ãŸãããã
éä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã q åã®ã·ã³ãã«ã§æ§æãããŠããå Žåãåã·ã³ãã«ã®é信確ç qi = 1/q ããšããq ã代å
¥ãããšãã®ãã¹ã®äžçåŒãã次ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
å³ 13.I
ããã¯ããã¹ãŠã® q åã®ã·ã³ãã«ãéä¿¡ãã確çãåã㧠- 1 / q ã«çããå Žåãæ倧ãšã³ããããŒã¯ ln q ã«çãããããã§ãªãå Žåã¯äžçåŒãæãç«ã€ããšãæå³ããŸãã
äžæã«è§£èªå¯èœãªã³ãŒãã®å Žåãã¯ã©ããã®äžçåŒãæç«ããŸãã
ããã§æ¬äŒŒç¢ºçãå®çŸ©ãããš
ãã¡ããã©ã㧠= 1ãã®ãã¹ã®äžçåŒããå°ãããã
ãããŠãå°ã代æ°ãé©çšããŸã (K †1 ã§ããããšãæãåºããŠãã ããããã®ããã察æ°é
ãåé€ããåŸã§äžçåŒã匷åããããšãã§ããŸã)ã次ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
ããã§ãL ã¯å¹³åã³ãŒãé·ã§ãã
ãããã£ãŠããšã³ããããŒã¯ãå¹³åã³ãŒãã¯ãŒãé· L ã®æåããšã®ã³ãŒãã®æå°éçã§ããããã¯ãå¹²æžã®ãªããã£ãã«ã«é¢ããã·ã£ãã³ã®å®çã§ãã
ããã§ãæ å ±ãç¬ç«ãããããã®ã¹ããªãŒã ãšããŠéä¿¡ããããã€ãºãååšããéä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®å¶éã«é¢ããäž»å®çãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã 1 ããããæ£ããéä¿¡ããã確ç㯠P > 2/1 ã§ãããéä¿¡äžã«ãããå€ãå転ãã (ãšã©ãŒãçºçãã) 確ç㯠Q = XNUMX - P ã«çããããšãããããŸãããšã©ãŒã¯ç¬ç«ããŠãããéä¿¡ãããåãããã®ãšã©ãŒã®ç¢ºçã¯åãã§ãããšä»®å®ããŸããã€ãŸããéä¿¡ãã£ãã«ã«ã¯ããã¯ã€ã ãã€ãºããååšããŸãã
n ãããã®é·ãã¹ããªãŒã ã XNUMX ã€ã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã«ãšã³ã³ãŒãããæ¹æ³ã¯ãXNUMX ããã ã³ãŒãã n 次å ã«æ¡åŒµããããšã§ãã n ã®å€ã¯åŸã§æ±ºå®ããŸãã n ãããã§æ§æãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã n 次å 空éå ã®ç¹ãšããŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã n 次å 空éããããããç°¡åã«ããããã«åã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®çºç確çã¯åãã§ãããšä»®å®ããŸããèããããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã¯ M åãã (M ãåŸã§å®çŸ©ããŸã)ããããã£ãŠãéä¿¡ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®ç¢ºçã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
(å·®åºäºº)
ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã« 13.II
次ã«ããã£ãã«å®¹éã®èãæ¹ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã 詳现ã«ã¯ç«ã¡å ¥ããŸãããããã£ãã«å®¹éã¯ãæãå¹ççãªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®äœ¿çšãèæ ®ããŠãéä¿¡ãã£ãã«äžã§ç¢ºå®ã«éä¿¡ã§ããæ å ±ã®æ倧éãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŸãã éä¿¡ãã£ãã«ãéããŠããã®å®¹éãè¶ ããæ å ±ãéä¿¡ã§ããããšã«ç°è«ã®äœå°ã¯ãããŸããã ããã¯ããã€ããªå¯Ÿç§°ãã£ãã« (ãã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§äœ¿çš) ã«ã€ããŠèšŒæã§ããŸãã ãããéä¿¡æã®ãã£ãã«å®¹éã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æå®ãããŸãã
ããã§ãåãšåæ§ã«ãP ã¯éä¿¡ããããããã«ãšã©ãŒããªã確çã§ãã n åã®ç¬ç«ããããããéä¿¡ããå Žåããã£ãã«å®¹éã¯æ¬¡ã®åŒã§äžããããŸãã
ãã£ãã«å®¹éã«è¿ãå Žåãåã·ã³ãã« aiãi = 1ã...ãM ã«å¯ŸããŠã»ãŒãã®éã®æ
å ±ãéä¿¡ããå¿
èŠããããŸããåã·ã³ãã« ai ã®çºç確çã 1 / M ã§ãããšèãããšãæã
ãåŸã
M åã®åã確çã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãž ai ã®ãããããéä¿¡ãããšã次ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
n ããããéä¿¡ããããšãnQ ãšã©ãŒãçºçããããšãäºæ³ãããŸãã å®éã«ã¯ãn ãããã§æ§æãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®å Žåãåä¿¡ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã«çŽ nQ åã®ãšã©ãŒãçºçããŸãã n ã倧ããå Žåãçžå¯Ÿå€å (å€å = ååžå¹
ã )
n ãå¢å ããã«ã€ããŠããšã©ãŒæ°ã®ååžã¯ãŸããŸãçããªããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠãéä¿¡æ©åŽãããéä¿¡ããã¡ãã»ãŒãž ai ãåãåãããã®åšå²ã«ååŸã®ããçãæããŸãã
ããã¯ãäºæ³ããããšã©ãŒæ° Q ããã e2 ã«çããéã ããããã«å€§ãããªããŸã (å³ 13.II)ã n ãååã«å€§ããå Žåããã®çãè¶
ããŠã¡ãã»ãŒãž ãã€ã³ã bj ãåä¿¡åŽã«çŸãã確çã¯ä»»æã«å°ãããªããŸãã éä¿¡åŽã®èŠ³ç¹ããèŠãç¶æ³ãã¹ã±ããããŠã¿ãŸããããéä¿¡ã¡ãã»ãŒãž ai ããåä¿¡ã¡ãã»ãŒãž bj ãŸã§ã®ä»»æã®ååŸãããã誀差ã®ç¢ºçã¯æ£èŠååžã«çãã (ãŸãã¯ã»ãŒçãã)ãæ倧å€ã«éããŸãã NQã®ã ä»»æã® e2 ã«å¯ŸããŠãn ãéåžžã«å€§ãããããçµæãšããŠåŸãããç¹ bj ãç§ã®çã®å€åŽã«ãã確çã¯ã奜ããªã ãå°ãããªããŸãã
次ã«ãåãç¶æ³ãããªãã®åŽããèŠãŠã¿ãŸããã (å³ 13.III)ã åä¿¡åŽã«ã¯ãn 次å 空éã§åä¿¡ããç¹ bj ã®åšãã«åãååŸ r ã®ç S(r) ããããåä¿¡ããã¡ãã»ãŒãž bj ãç§ã®çã®äžã«ããå Žåãç§ãéä¿¡ããã¡ãã»ãŒãž ai ã¯ããªãã®çã®äžã«ãããŸããçã
ã©ã®ããã«ããŠãšã©ãŒãçºçããã®ã§ãããã? 以äžã®è¡šã«ç€ºãå Žåã«ãšã©ãŒãçºçããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
å³ 13.III
ããã§ã¯ãåä¿¡ãããã€ã³ãã®åšå²ã«æ§ç¯ãããçå
ã«ãéä¿¡ãããå¯èœæ§ã®ãããšã³ã³ãŒããããŠããªãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã€ã³ããå°ãªããšã XNUMX ã€ããå Žåããããã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®ã©ããéä¿¡ãããããå€æã§ããªããããéä¿¡äžã«ãšã©ãŒãçºçããããšãããããŸãã éä¿¡ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã«ãšã©ãŒããªãã®ã¯ãããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããç¹ãçå
ã«ãããæå®ãããã³ãŒãå
ã«åãçå
ã«ååšããå¯èœæ§ã®ããä»ã®ç¹ããªãå Žåã®ã¿ã§ãã
ã¡ãã»ãŒãž ai ãéä¿¡ãããå Žåã®ãšã©ãŒã®ç¢ºç Pe ãè¡šãæ°åŒããããŸãã
第 1 é
ã®æåã®èŠçŽ ã XNUMX ãšããŠç Žæ£ã§ããŸããããããŠäžçåŒãåŸãããŸãã
æããã«ã
ãããã£ãŠã
å³åŽã®æåŸã®çšèªã«åé©çšãã
n ãååã«å€§ãããããšãæåã®é
ãå¿
èŠãªã ãå°ãããããšãã°ããæ°å€ d ããå°ããããããšãã§ããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãç§ãã¡ã¯
次ã«ãn ãããã§æ§æããã M åã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžããšã³ã³ãŒãããããã®åçŽãªçœ®æã³ãŒããæ§ç¯ããæ¹æ³ãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã ã³ãŒããæ£ç¢ºã«æ§ç¯ããæ¹æ³ããŸã£ããåãããªãã£ã (誀ãèšæ£ã³ãŒãããŸã çºæãããŠããªãã£ã) ã·ã£ãã³ã¯ãã©ã³ãã ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãéžæããŸããã ã¡ãã»ãŒãžå
ã® n ãããããšã«ã³ã€ã³ãæããM åã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã«å¯ŸããŠãã®ããã»ã¹ãç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã åèšã§ nM åã®ã³ã€ã³ãã¹ãè¡ãå¿
èŠãããããã
åã確ç XNUMX/XNUMXnM ãæã€ã³ãŒãèŸæžã ãã¡ãããã³ãŒãããã¯ã®äœæããã»ã¹ãã©ã³ãã ã§ãããšããããšã¯ãã³ãŒã ãã€ã³ããéè€ããå¯èœæ§ããããã³ãŒã ãã€ã³ããäºãã«è¿ãã«ããããããšã©ãŒã®åå ãšãªãå¯èœæ§ãããããšãæå³ããŸãã ããããéžæããå°ããªèª€å·®ã¬ãã«ãããé«ã確çã§çºçããªãå Žåãæå®ããã n ã¯ååã«å€§ããããšã蚌æããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
éèŠãªç¹ã¯ãã·ã£ãã³ãèãããããã¹ãŠã®ã³ãŒãããã¯ãå¹³åããŠå¹³å誀差ãèŠã€ããããšã§ãã èšå· Av[.] ã䜿çšããŠãèãããããã¹ãŠã®ã©ã³ãã ã³ãŒãããã¯ã®ã»ããã®å¹³åå€ã瀺ããŸãã ãã¡ãããå®æ° d ãå¹³åãããšå®æ°ãåŸãããŸããå¹³åããå Žåãåé
ã¯åèšã®ä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®é
ãšåãã«ãªãããã§ãã
ããã¯å¢ããããšãã§ããŸã (Mâ1 ã M ã«ãªããŸã)
ç¹å®ã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã«ã€ããŠããã¹ãŠã®ã³ãŒãããã¯ãå¹³åããå Žåããšã³ã³ãŒãã¯ãã¹ãŠã®å¯èœãªå€ã«ããã£ãŠå®è¡ããããããç¹ãçå
ã«ååšããå¹³å確çã¯ã空éã®ç·äœç©ã«å¯Ÿããçã®äœç©ã®æ¯çã«ãªããŸãã çã®äœç©ã¯ã
ããã§ãs=Q+e2 <1/2ãns ã¯æŽæ°ã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã
å³åŽã®æåŸã®é ããã®åã®äžã§æ倧ã«ãªããŸãã ãŸããéä¹ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ã°å ¬åŒã䜿çšããŠãã®å€ãæšå®ããŸãããã 次ã«ããã®åã®é ã®ä¿æ°ãæžå°ããŠããããšã«æ³šç®ããŸãããã®ä¿æ°ã¯å·Šã«ç§»åããã«ã€ããŠå¢å ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããããããã£ãŠã次ã®ããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã (1) åèšã®å€ã次ã®çæ¯æ°åã®åèšã«å¶éããŸãããã®åæä¿æ°ã䜿çšãã(2) çæ¯æ°åã ns é ããç¡éæ°ã®é ã«æ¡åŒµãã(3) ç¡éçæ¯æ°åã®åãèšç®ã (æšæºçãªä»£æ°ãéèŠãªããšã¯äœããããŸãã)ãæåŸã«éçå€ãååŸããŸã (ååã«å€§ããå Žå)ã n):
ãšã³ããã㌠H(s) ãäºé
æçåŒã«ã©ã®ããã«çŸãããã«æ³šç®ããŠãã ããã ãã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°å±é H(s)=H(Q+e2) ã¯ãäžæ¬¡å°é¢æ°ã®ã¿ãèæ
®ããŠä»ããã¹ãŠç¡èŠããŠåŸãããæšå®å€ãäžããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã ããã§ã¯ãæçµçãªåŒããŸãšããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ã©ã
ç§ãã¡ãããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã¯ãe2 < e3 ãšãªãããã« e1 ãéžæããããšã ãã§ããããããã°ãn ãååã«å€§ããéããæåŸã®é
ã¯ä»»æã«å°ãããªããŸãã ãã®çµæãC ã«ä»»æã«è¿ããã£ãã«å®¹éã§ãå¹³å PE 誀差ãå¿
èŠãªã ãå°ããããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã¹ãŠã®ã³ãŒãã®å¹³åã®èª€å·®ãååã«å°ããå Žåã¯ãå°ãªããšã XNUMX ã€ã®ã³ãŒããé©åã§ããå¿
èŠããããããå°ãªããšã XNUMX ã€ã®é©åãªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã° ã·ã¹ãã ãååšããŸãã ããã¯ã·ã£ãã³ã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããéèŠãªçµæãã€ãŸãããã€ãºã®å€ããã£ãã«ã«é¢ããã·ã£ãã³ã®å®çãã§ããã圌ã¯ããããç§ã䜿çšããåçŽãªäºå€å¯Ÿç§°ãã£ãã«ãããã¯ããã«äžè¬çãªã±ãŒã¹ã«å¯ŸããŠèšŒæããããšã«æ³šæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã äžè¬çãªã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãæ°åŠçãªèšç®ã¯ã¯ããã«è€éã«ãªããŸãããèãæ¹ã¯ããã»ã©å€ãããªããããç¹å®ã®ã±ãŒã¹ã®äŸã䜿çšãããšãå®çã®æ¬åœã®æå³ãæããã«ã§ããããšããããããŸãã
çµæãæ¹å€ããŸãããã ç§ãã¡ã¯ãååã«å€§ã㪠n ã«å¯ŸããŠããšç¹°ãè¿ããŠããŸããã ããããn ã¯ã©ã®ãããã®å€§ããã§ãããã? ãã£ãã«å®¹éã«è¿ã¥ãããšåæã«æ£ããããŒã¿è»¢éã確å®ã«è¡ãããå Žåã¯ãéåžžã«å€§èŠæš¡ã§ãã å®éãéåžžã«å€§ãããããåŸã§ãšã³ã³ãŒãããã®ã«ååãªãããæ°ã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãèç©ããã«ã¯ãéåžžã«é·ãæéåŸ æ©ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãã®å Žåãã©ã³ãã ã³ãŒãèŸæžã®ãµã€ãºã¯åçŽã«å·šå€§ã«ãªããŸã (çµå±ã®ãšãããn ãš M ãéåžžã«å€§ãããšããäºå®ã«ããããããããã®ãããªèŸæžã¯ãã¹ãŠã® Mn ãããã®å®å šãªãªã¹ããããçã圢åŒã§è¡šãããšã¯ã§ããŸãã)ã
ãšã©ãŒèšæ£ã³ãŒãã¯ãã³ãŒãããã¯èªäœãåé¿ãã代ããã«éåžžã®èšç®ã䜿çšãããããéåžžã«é·ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžãåŸ æ©ããããéåžžã«å€§ããªã³ãŒãããã¯ãä»ããŠã¡ãã»ãŒãžããšã³ã³ãŒãããã³ãã³ãŒããããããããšãåé¿ããŸãã åçŽãªçè«ã§ã¯ããã®ãããªã³ãŒãã¯ãã£ãã«å®¹éã«è¿ã¥ãèœåã倱ããªãããäœããšã©ãŒçãç¶æããåŸåããããŸãããã³ãŒããå€æ°ã®ãšã©ãŒãèšæ£ãããšãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã¯è¯å¥œã«ãªããŸãã èšãæããã°ãäžéšã®ãã£ãã«å®¹éã誀ãèšæ£ã«å²ãåœãŠãå Žåãã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåã誀ãèšæ£æ©èœã䜿çšããå¿ èŠããããŸããã€ãŸããéä¿¡ãããåã¡ãã»ãŒãžã§å€æ°ã®èª€ããèšæ£ããå¿ èŠããããããã§ãªããšãã®å®¹éãç¡é§ã«ãªããŸãã
åæã«ãäžã§èšŒæãããå®çã¯ãŸã ç¡æå³ã§ã¯ãããŸããã ããã¯ãå¹ççãªäŒéã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãéåžžã«é·ããããåã«å¯ŸããŠè³¢æãªç¬Šå·åã¹ããŒã ã䜿çšããå¿ èŠãããããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã äŸãšããŠã¯ãå€ææãè¶ããŠé£è¡ããè¡æãæããããŸãã å°çã倪éœããé ãããã«ã€ããŠãããŒã¿ ãããã¯å ã®ãŸããŸãå€ãã®ãšã©ãŒãä¿®æ£ããå¿ èŠãçããŸããäžéšã®è¡æã¯çŽ 5 W ãäŸçµŠãããœãŒã©ãŒ ããã«ã䜿çšããä»ã®è¡æã¯ã»ãŒåãé»åãäŸçµŠããåååçºé»ã䜿çšããŸãã é»æºã®äœé»åãå°çäžã§ã®éä¿¡ãã£ãã·ã¥ã®ãµã€ãºãšåä¿¡ãã£ãã·ã¥ã®ãµã€ãºã®å¶éãä¿¡å·ãå°éããªããã°ãªããªãèšå€§ãªè·é¢ - ããããã¹ãŠãæ§ç¯ããã«ã¯ãé«ã¬ãã«ã®èª€ãèšæ£ãåããã³ãŒãã®äœ¿çšãå¿ èŠã§ããå¹æçãªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã·ã¹ãã ã
äžã®èšŒæã§äœ¿çšãã n 次å 空éã«æ»ããŸãããã ããã«ã€ããŠè°è«ããäžã§ãçã®ã»ãŒå šäœã®äœç©ãå€è¡šé¢è¿ãã«éäžããŠããããšã瀺ããŸããããããã£ãŠãéä¿¡ä¿¡å·ãåä¿¡ä¿¡å·ã®åšå²ã«æ§ç¯ãããçã®è¡šé¢è¿ãã«äœçœ®ããããšã¯ã»ãŒç¢ºå®ã§ãããã®ãããªçã®å°ããªååŸã ãããã£ãŠãä»»æã®å€æ°ã®ãšã©ãŒ nQ ãèšæ£ããåŸãåä¿¡ä¿¡å·ããšã©ãŒã®ãªãä¿¡å·ã«ä»»æã«è¿ã¥ãããšãå€æããããšã¯é©ãã¹ãããšã§ã¯ãããŸããã åã«èª¬æãããªã³ã¯å®¹éãããã®çŸè±¡ãç解ããéµãšãªããŸãã 誀ãèšæ£ããã³ã°ç¬Šå·çšã«æ§ç¯ãããåæ§ã®çã¯äºãã«éãªãåããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã n 次å 空éã«ã»ãŒçŽäº€ãã次å ãå€æ°ååšããããšã¯ãM åã®çãã»ãšãã©éãªãåããã«ç©ºéã«é©åãããããšãã§ããçç±ã瀺ããŠããŸãã ãã³ãŒãäžã«å°æ°ã®ãšã©ãŒããåŒãèµ·ãããªããä»»æã®å°ããªãªãŒããŒã©ããã蚱容ããå Žåã空éå ã«çãå¯ã«é 眮ããããšãã§ããŸãã ããã³ã°ã¯ãã·ã£ãã³ã«ããäžå®ã¬ãã«ã®ãšã©ãŒèšæ£ãã€ãŸããšã©ãŒã®ç¢ºçãäœãããšãä¿èšŒããŸããããåæã«å®éã®ã¹ã«ãŒããããä»»æã«éä¿¡ãã£ãã«ã®å®¹éã«è¿ãå€ã«ç¶æããŸããããããã¯ããã³ã° ã³ãŒãã§ã¯äžå¯èœã§ããã
æ å ±çè«ã¯å¹ççãªã·ã¹ãã ãèšèšããæ¹æ³ãæããŠãããŸããããå¹ççãªéä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ãžã®éã瀺ããŸãã ããã¯ãã·ã³éã®éä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããããã®è²ŽéãªããŒã«ã§ãããåè¿°ããããã«ã人éãçžäºã«éä¿¡ããæ¹æ³ãšã¯ã»ãšãã©é¢é£æ§ããããŸããã çç©åŠçéºäŒãæè¡çãªéä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ã«ã©ã®çšåºŠäŒŒãŠãããã¯ãŸã£ããäžæã§ãããããæ å ±çè«ãéºäŒåã«ã©ã®ããã«é©çšããããã¯çŸæç¹ã§ã¯æããã§ã¯ãããŸããã ç§ãã¡ã«ã¯ææŠãã以å€ã«éžæè¢ã¯ãããŸãããæåã«ãã£ãŠãã®çŸè±¡ã®æ©æ¢°çãªæ§è³ªã瀺ãããå Žåã倱æã«ãã£ãŠæ å ±ã®æ§è³ªã®å¥ã®éèŠãªåŽé¢ã瀺ãããããšã«ãªããŸãã
ããŸãè±ç·ããªãããã«ããŸãããã ãã¹ãŠã®å ã®å®çŸ©ã¯ãå€ããå°ãªãããç§ãã¡ã®å ã®ä¿¡å¿µã®æ¬è³ªãè¡šçŸããŠããå¿ èŠããããããããã¯ããçšåºŠã®æªã¿ãç¹åŸŽãšããŠããããããã£ãŠé©çšã§ããªãããšãç§ãã¡ã¯èŠãŠããŸããã æçµçã«ã¯ãç§ãã¡ã䜿çšããå®çŸ©ãå®éã«æ¬è³ªãå®çŸ©ãããšäŒçµ±çã«åãå ¥ããããŠããŸãã ããããããã¯ç©äºãåŠçããæ¹æ³ã瀺ãã ãã§ãããç§ãã¡ã«æå³ãäŒãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããã ä»®å®ã«åºã¥ãã¢ãããŒãã¯ãæ°åŠçã§éåžžã«æ¯æãããŠããŸãããå®éã«ã¯ãŸã å€ãã®ããšãæãŸããŠããŸãã
ããã§ãå®çŸ©ãæãéãã«åŸªç°çã§ããããã®çµæ誀解ãæã IQ ãã¹ãã®äŸãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã ç¥èœã枬å®ããããšãæ³å®ãããã¹ããäœæãããŸãã ãã®åŸãå¯èœãªéãäžè²«æ§ãä¿ã€ããã«æ¹èšãããŠããåºçããã枬å®ããããç¥èœããæ£èŠååžããããã«ïŒãã¡ããæ€éç·äžã§ïŒç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã§æ ¡æ£ãããŸãã ãã¹ãŠã®å®çŸ©ã¯ãæåã«ææ¡ããããšãã ãã§ãªãããã£ãšåŸãå°ãåºãããçµè«ã«äœ¿çšããããšãã«ãå確èªããå¿ èŠããããŸãã å®çŸ©äžã®å¢çã¯ã解決ãããåé¡ã«å¯ŸããŠã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§é©åã§ãã? ããèšå®ã§äžããããå®çŸ©ãããŸã£ããç°ãªãèšå®ã«é©çšãããããšãã©ã®ããããããŸãã? ããã¯ããªãé »ç¹ã«èµ·ãããŸã! 人çã§å¿ ãééãã人æç§åŠã§ã¯ããã®ãããªããšãããèµ·ãããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠãæ å ±çè«ã®ãã®ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã®ç®çã® XNUMX ã€ã¯ããã®æçšæ§ã瀺ãããšã«å ããŠããã®å±éºæ§ã«ã€ããŠèŠåããããšããŸãã¯æãŸããçµæãåŸãããã«æ å ±çè«ã䜿çšããæ¹æ³ãæ£ç¢ºã«ç€ºãããšã§ããã æåã®å®çŸ©ããæçµçã«äœãèŠã€ãããããèŠãç®ãããã¯ããã«å€§ãã決å®ããããšã¯ãé·ãéææãããŠããŸããã æ°ããç¶æ³ã ãã§ãªããé·å¹Žåãçµãã§ããåéã§ããæåã®å®çŸ©ã«ã¯çŽ°å¿ã®æ³šæãå¿ èŠã§ãã ããã«ãããåŸãããçµæãã©ã®çšåºŠããŒãããžãŒã§ããã圹ã«ç«ããªããã®ã§ããããç解ã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
ãšãã£ã³ãã³ã®æåãªç©èªã¯ãæµ·ã§ç¶²ã䜿ã£ãŠæŒããã人ã ã®è©±ã§ãã é£ã£ãéã®å€§ããã調ã¹ãçµæãæµ·ã§èŠãããéã®æå°ãµã€ãºã決ãŸããŸããã 圌ãã®çµè«ã¯ãçŸå®ã§ã¯ãªãã䜿çšãããæ段ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ãããŸããã
ç¶ç¶ããã«ã¯...
æ¬ã®ç¿»èš³ãã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããåºçãæäŒããã人ã¯ãå人ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãŸãã¯é»åã¡ãŒã«ã«æžããŠãã ããã [ã¡ãŒã«ä¿è·]
ãšããã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯å¥ã®çŽ æŽãããæ¬ã®ç¿»èš³ãéå§ããŸãã -
ç§ãã¡ãç¹ã«æ±ããŠããã®ã¯ã 翻蚳ãæäŒã£ãŠãããæ¹
æ¬ã®å
容ãšç¿»èš³ãããç«
- ç§åŠãšå·¥åŠãå®è·µããæè¡ã®çŽ¹ä»: åŠã¶ããšãåŠã¶ (28 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
翻蚳: 第 1 ç« - ãããžã¿ã«ïŒãã£ã¹ã¯ãªãŒãïŒé©åœã®åºç€ãïŒ30幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第2ç« ããžã¿ã«ïŒãã£ã¹ã¯ãªãŒãïŒé©åœã®åºç€ - ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æŽå² - ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã (31 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第3ç« ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æŽå² - ããŒããŠã§ã¢ - ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æŽå² - ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã (4 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第4ç« ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æŽå² - ãœãããŠã§ã¢ - ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æŽå² - ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã (6 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第 5 ç« : ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æŽå² - å®çšå - ã人工ç¥èœ - ããŒã Iã (7 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第6ç« äººå·¥ç¥èœ - 1 - ã人工ç¥èœ - ããŒã IIã (11 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第7ç« äººå·¥ç¥èœ - II - ã人工ç¥èœIIIãïŒ13幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第8ç« äººå·¥ç¥èœ-III - ãn次å
空éãïŒ14幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第9ç« N次å 空é - ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°çè« - æ
å ±ã®è¡šçŸãããŒã Iã (18 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第10ç« ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°çè« - I - ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°çè« - æ
å ±ã®è¡šçŸãããŒã IIã (20 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第11ç« ç¬Šå·åçè« - II - ã誀ãèšæ£ç¬Šå·ã (21 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第12ç« ãšã©ãŒèšæ£ã³ãŒã - ãæ
å ±çè«ãïŒ25幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第13ç« æ å ±çè« - ãããžã¿ã« ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãããŒã Iã (27 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第14ç« ããžã¿ã«ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒ - 1 - ãããžã¿ã« ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãããŒã IIã (28 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第15ç« ããžã¿ã«ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒ - 2 - ãããžã¿ã« ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãããŒã IIIã (2 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第16ç« ããžã¿ã«ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒ - 3 - ãããžã¿ã« ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãããŒã IVã (4 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第 17 ç« ããžã¿ã« ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒ - IV - ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããŒã IãïŒ5 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥ïŒ
第 18 ç« ã¢ããªã³ã° - I - ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»ããŒãâ
¡ãïŒ9幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第 19 ç« ã¢ããªã³ã° - II - ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããŒãIIIãïŒ11幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第 20 ç« ã¢ããªã³ã° - III - ãå
ãã¡ã€ããŒãïŒ12幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第21ç« å ãã¡ã€ã㌠- ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿æ¯æŽæå°ãïŒ16幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第 22 ç« : ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿æ¯æŽæå° (CAI) - ãæ°åŠã (18 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第23ç« æ°åŠ - ãéåååŠã (19 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第24ç« éåååŠ - ãåµé æ§ãïŒ23幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒã 翻蚳ïŒ
第25ç« åµé æ§ - ããšãã¹ããŒããïŒ25幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第26ç« å°é家 - ãä¿¡é Œã§ããªãããŒã¿ã (26 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第27ç« ä¿¡é Œã§ããªãããŒã¿ - ãã·ã¹ãã ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ãïŒ30幎1995æXNUMXæ¥ïŒ
第28ç« ã·ã¹ãã ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã° - ã枬å®ãããã®ã¯åŸãããã (1 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥)
第 29 ç« : 枬å®ããçµæãåŸããã -
ãç§ãã¡ãç¥ã£ãŠããããšãã©ããã£ãŠç¥ãã®ãã ïŒ6æ2ã1995ïŒ 10åããšã«ç¿»èš³ãã - ããã³ã°ããããªããšããªãã®ç 究ãïŒ6 幎 1995 æ XNUMX æ¥ïŒã
翻蚳ïŒããªããšããªãã®äœå
æ¬ã®ç¿»èš³ãã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããåºçãæäŒããã人ã¯ãå人ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãŸãã¯é»åã¡ãŒã«ã«æžããŠãã ããã [ã¡ãŒã«ä¿è·]
åºæïŒ habr.com