Manfaatake alat manajemen jaringan NetworkManager ing baris perintah Linux nggunakake sarana nmcli.
Utilitas langsung nelpon API kanggo ngakses fungsi NetworkManager.
Muncul ing 2010 lan kanggo akeh wis dadi cara alternatif kanggo ngatur antarmuka jaringan lan sambungan. Senajan sawetara wong isih nggunakake . Amarga nmcli minangka alat antarmuka baris perintah (CLI) sing dirancang kanggo digunakake ing windows terminal lan skrip, iku becik kanggo administrator sistem sing digunakake tanpa GUI.
sintaks perintah ncmli
Umumé, sintaks katon kaya iki:
$ nmcli <options> <section> <action>- opsi minangka paramèter sing nemtokake subtleties operasi nmcli,
- bagean (bagean) - nemtokake fitur saka utilitas sing bakal digunakake,
- tumindak - ngidini sampeyan nemtokake apa sing kudu ditindakake.
Gunggunge ana 8 bagean, saben-saben digandhengake karo sakumpulan prentah (tumindak) tartamtu.
- bantuan menehi pitulung babagan perintah ncmcli lan panggunaane.
- Umum ngasilake status NetworkManager lan konfigurasi global.
- Networking kalebu printah kanggo takon status sambungan jaringan lan ngaktifake / mateni sambungan.
- Radio kalebu printah kanggo takon status sambungan jaringan WiFi lan ngaktifake / mateni sambungan.
- monitor kalebu printah kanggo ngawasi aktivitas NetworkManager lan mirsani owah-owahan ing negara sambungan jaringan.
- sambungan kalebu printah kanggo ngatur antarmuka jaringan, nambah sambungan anyar lan mbusak sing wis ana.
- piranti utamané digunakake kanggo ngganti paramèter sing gegandhengan karo piranti (kayata jeneng antarmuka) utawa kanggo nyambungake piranti nggunakake sambungan sing wis ana.
- Secret ndaftar nmcli minangka NetworkManager "agen rahasia" sing ngrungokake pesen rahasia. Bagean iki arang digunakake, amarga nmcli dianggo kanthi cara iki minangka standar nalika nyambung menyang jaringan.
Conto prasaja
Sadurunge miwiti, priksa manawa NetworkManager mlaku lan nmcli bisa komunikasi karo:
$ nmcli general
STATE CONNECTIVITY WIFI-HW WIFI WWAN-HW WWAN
connected full enabled enabled enabled enabledPakaryan asring diwiwiti kanthi ndeleng kabeh profil sambungan jaringan:
$ nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
Wired connection 2 2279d917-fa02-390c-8603-3083ec5a1d3e ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9Printah iki nggunakake tumindak nuduhake kanggo bagean Sambungan.
Mesin tes mbukak Ubuntu 20.04. Ing kasus iki, kita nemokake telung sambungan kabel: enp0s3, enp0s8, lan enp0s9.
Ngatur sambungan
Penting kanggo ngerti yen ing nmcli, kanthi istilah Sambungan tegese entitas sing ngemot kabeh informasi babagan sambungan kasebut. Ing tembung liyane, iki konfigurasi jaringan. Sambungan nyakup kabeh informasi sing gegandhengan karo sambungan, kalebu lapisan link lan informasi alamat IP. Iki Layer 2 lan Layer 3 ing model jaringan OSI.
Nalika sampeyan nyiyapake jaringan ing Linux, sampeyan biasane nyetel sambungan sing bakal disambungake menyang piranti jaringan, sing dadi antarmuka jaringan sing diinstal ing komputer. Nalika piranti nggunakake sambungan, iku dianggep aktif utawa munggah pangkat. Yen sambungan ora digunakake, iku ora aktif utawa ngreset.
Nambahake sambungan jaringan
Utilitas ncmli ngidini sampeyan nambah lan langsung ngatur sambungan. Contone, kanggo nambah sambungan Wired 2 (karo enp0s8), sampeyan kudu mbukak printah ing ngisor iki minangka superuser:
$ sudo nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname enp0s8
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' (09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5) successfully added.Ing pilihan jinis kita nunjukake yen iki bakal dadi sambungan Ethernet, lan ing opsi ifname (jeneng antarmuka) kita nuduhake antarmuka jaringan sing pengin digunakake.
Iki bakal kedadeyan sawise nglakokake perintah kasebut:
$ nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
Wired connection 2 2279d917-fa02-390c-8603-3083ec5a1d3e ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9
ethernet-enp0s8 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5 ethernet -- Sambungan anyar wis digawe, ethernet-enp0s8. Iku diutus UUID lan jinis sambungan Ethernet. Ayo munggah nganggo printah munggah:
$ nmcli connection up ethernet-enp0s8
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)Ayo dipriksa maneh dhaptar sambungan sing aktif:
$ nmcli connection show --active
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
ethernet-enp0s8 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5 ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9Sambungan anyar ethernet-enp0s8 wis ditambahake, aktif lan nggunakake antarmuka jaringan enp0s8.
Nggawe sambungan
Utilitas ncmli ngidini sampeyan ngganti paramèter sambungan sing ana. Contone, sampeyan kudu ngganti alamat IP dinamis (DHCP) menyang alamat IP statis.
Ayo kita kudu nyetel alamat IP menyang 192.168.4.26. Kanggo nindakake iki, kita nggunakake rong printah. Sing pertama bakal langsung nyetel alamat IP, lan sing nomer loro bakal ngalih cara setelan alamat IP menyang manual:
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.address 192.168.4.26/24
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.method manualAja lali uga nyetel subnet mask. Kanggo sambungan test kita iki 255.255.255.0, utawa karo /24 kanggo nuntun tanpa kelas (CIDR).
Supaya owah-owahan bisa ditrapake, sampeyan kudu mateni banjur ngaktifake sambungan maneh:
$ nmcli connection down ethernet-enp0s8
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
$ nmcli connection up ethernet-enp0s8
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveCYen, sebaliknya, sampeyan kudu nginstal DHCP, gunakake otomatis tinimbang manual:
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.method autoNggarap piranti
Kanggo iki kita nggunakake bagean Piranti.
Priksa status piranti
$ nmcli device status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
enp0s3 ethernet connected Wired connection 1
enp0s8 ethernet connected ethernet-enp0s8
enp0s9 ethernet connected Wired connection 3
lo loopback unmanaged -- Njaluk informasi piranti
Kanggo nindakake iki, gunakake tumindak nuduhake saka bagean Piranti (sampeyan kudu nemtokake jeneng piranti). Utilitas kasebut nampilake akeh informasi, asring ing sawetara kaca.
Ayo katon ing antarmuka enp0s8 sing digunakake sambungan anyar kita. Priksa manawa nggunakake alamat IP sing wis disetel sadurunge:
$ nmcli device show enp0s8
GENERAL.DEVICE: enp0s8
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR: 08:00:27:81:16:20
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: ethernet-enp0s8
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.4.26/24
IP4.GATEWAY: --
IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = 192.168.4.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 103
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::6d70:90de:cb83:4491/64
IP6.GATEWAY: --
IP6.ROUTE[1]: dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 103
IP6.ROUTE[2]: dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255Ana cukup akeh informasi. Ayo nyorot bab utama:
- Jeneng antarmuka jaringan: enp0s8.
- Tipe sambungan: sambungan Ethernet kabel.
- Kita ndeleng alamat MAC piranti kasebut.
- Unit transmisi maksimal (MTU) sing ditemtokake - ukuran maksimum pamblokiran data migunani siji paket sing bisa ditularaké dening protokol tanpa fragmentasi.
- Piranti saiki disambungake.
- Jeneng sambunganpiranti sing digunakake: ethernet-enp0s8.
- Piranti kasebut nggunakake siji Alamat IP, sing diinstal sadurungé: 192.168.4.26/24.
Informasi liyane ana hubungane karo rute gawan lan paramèter gateway sambungan. Padha gumantung ing jaringan tartamtu.
Editor nmcli interaktif
nmcli uga nduweni editor interaktif sing prasaja, sing bisa uga luwih nyaman kanggo sawetara sing bisa digunakake. Kanggo mbukak ing sambungan ethernet-enp0s8 contone, nggunakake tumindak sunting:
$ nmcli connection edit ethernet-enp0s8Uga duwe pitulung cilik, sing ukurane luwih cilik tinimbang versi konsol:
===| nmcli interactive connection editor |===
Editing existing '802-3-ethernet' connection: 'ethernet-enp0s8'
Type 'help' or '?' for available commands.
Type 'print' to show all the connection properties.
Type 'describe [<setting>.<prop>]' for detailed property description.
You may edit the following settings: connection, 802-3-ethernet (ethernet), 802-1x, dcb, sriov, ethtool, match, ipv4, ipv6, tc, proxy
nmcli>Yen sampeyan ngetik printah print banjur pencet Ketik, nmcli bakal nampilake kabeh sifat sambungan:
===============================================================================
Connection profile details (ethernet-enp0s8)
===============================================================================
connection.id: ethernet-enp0s8
connection.uuid: 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5
connection.stable-id: --
connection.type: 802-3-ethernet
connection.interface-name: enp0s8
connection.autoconnect: yes
connection.autoconnect-priority: 0
connection.autoconnect-retries: -1 (default)
connection.multi-connect: 0 (default)
connection.auth-retries: -1
connection.timestamp: 1593967212
connection.read-only: no
connection.permissions: --
connection.zone: --
connection.master: --
connection.slave-type: --
connection.autoconnect-slaves: -1 (default)
connection.secondaries: --Contone, kanggo nyetel sambungan menyang DHCP, ketik goto ipv4 banjur klik Ketik:
nmcli> goto ipv4
You may edit the following properties: method, dns, dns-search,
dns-options, dns-priority, addresses, gateway, routes, route-metric,
route-table, routing-rules, ignore-auto-routes, ignore-auto-dns,
dhcp-client-id, dhcp-iaid, dhcp-timeout, dhcp-send-hostname,
dhcp-hostname, dhcp-fqdn, dhcp-hostname-flags, never-default, may-fail,
dad-timeout
nmcli ipv4>Banjur tulis set metode otomatis lan klik Ketik:
nmcli ipv4> set method auto
Do you also want to clear 'ipv4.addresses'? [yes]:Yen sampeyan pengin mbusak alamat IP statis, klik Ketik. Yen ora, ketik ora banjur pencet Ketik. Sampeyan bisa nyimpen yen sampeyan mikir bakal mbutuhake ing mangsa. Nanging sanajan alamat IP statis sing disimpen, DHCP bakal digunakake yen metode disetel otomatis.
Gunakake printah simpen kanggo nyimpen owah-owahan sampeyan:
nmcli ipv4> save
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' (09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5) successfully updated.
nmcli ipv4>Ketik quit kanggo metu saka Editor Interaktif nmcli. Yen sampeyan ngganti pikiran babagan ninggalake, gunakake printah mburi.
Lan ora mung kuwi
Bukak Editor Interaktif nmcli lan deleng pira setelan lan jumlah properti sing ana ing saben setelan. Editor interaktif minangka alat sing apik, nanging yen sampeyan pengin nggunakake nmcli ing siji-liner utawa skrip, sampeyan butuh versi baris perintah biasa.
Saiki sampeyan duwe dhasar, priksa nmcli kanggo ndeleng carane liya bisa mbantu sampeyan.
Ing Hak Iklan
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Source: www.habr.com