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Artikel iki ditujokake kanggo perhatian administrator sistem sing nyiapake papan kerja khas ing komputer sing mlaku Windows 10, kalebu pangembang piranti lunak.
Perlu dicathet yen ana masalah tartamtu sing ana gandhengane karo impossibility nggabungake piranti lunak sing dipikolehi saka toko online Microsoft Store kanggo digunakake ing gambar khusus Windows 10. Tanpa nerangake rincian, aku bakal njlentrehake manawa masalah iki ana gandhengane karo kasunyatan sing program sing diinstal saka Microsoft Store komunikasi karo akun layanan Administrator, lan nalika nggawe gambar adat rampung dening sarana sysprep kesalahan dumadi amarga kahanan iki.
Cara sing dibahas ing artikel iki ngindhari masalah iki nalika nyiapake gambar OS Windows 10 kanthi subsistem WSL2 sing wis dikonfigurasi, uga gambar OS Ubuntu 20.04 sing wis disiapake lan dikonfigurasi kanthi GUI Plasma KDE, sing uga bisa duwe dhewe. set piranti lunak khusus.
Ana akeh conto lan tutorial ing Internet kanggo nyetel subsistem WSL (yaiku WSL1 lan WSL2 sing relatif anyar), kanthi nyiyapake antarmuka GUI kanggo sistem OS berbasis linux saka Ubuntu 16.04 nganti Ubuntu 20.04, nanging iki utamane adhedhasar desktop. ing sing diarani. "entheng" xfce4, sing duwe watesan sing bisa dingerteni ing setelan pangguna. Nanging babagan KDE Plasma GUI kanggo Ubuntu 20.04, ora akeh informasi sing ditemokake ing net. Nanging pilihan iki sing nyedhiyakake pangguna pungkasan kanthi setelan setelan sing meh ora ana watesan kanggo tampilan sistem lan setelan hardware, mesthi, njupuk kemampuan integrasi saiki sistem linux sing ditindakake ing subsistem WSL2.
Nginstal piranti lunak sing dibutuhake lan ngatur WSL2
Kita mriksa versi Windows saiki, kanggo iki, ing garis telusuran Windows, ketik perintah kasebut winver lan kita entuk kaya iki:
Penting yen versi OS yaiku 1903 utawa 1909 (versi OS sing ditemtokake kudu diinstal kanthi nganyari kumulatif KB4566116), utawa 2004 (nomer mbangun ora kurang saka 19041), informasi liyane ora masalah. Yen nomer versi kurang, disaranake sampeyan nganyarke menyang versi Windows paling anyar kanggo ngasilake asil kanthi bener ing artikel iki.
Kanggo luwih gampang tumindak, instal Terminal Windows gratis nggunakake Microsoft Store (ana uga bisa ndownload saka sumber liyane):
Kita nginstal X Server X410 liwat Microsoft Store sing padha, piranti lunak iki dibayar, nanging ana wektu gratis 15 dina, sing cukup kanggo macem-macem tes.
Minangka alternatif free X410 lan nginstal server VcXsrv X.
Ing sembarang panggonan sing trep ing disk, kita nggawe direktori ing ngendi kita bakal nyimpen file. Minangka conto, ayo nggawe direktori C:wsl.
lan nginstal installer mandiri Ubuntu 20.04, unpack file asil nggunakake arsip (contone, 7-zip). Ganti jeneng direktori unpacked karo jeneng dawa Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 menyang soko luwih ditrima, kaya Ubuntu-20.04 lan nyalin menyang direktori C:wsl (sabanjure mung wsl).
lan unpack menyang direktori wsl server swara cross-platform PulseAudio v.1.1., kita uga nggawe koreksi kanggo file konfigurasi sawijining.
Ing file wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa bagean Load audio drivers statically nyunting baris:
load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0
lan ing bagean Network access nyunting baris:
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1
Ing file wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf uncomment lan ngganti baris
exit-idle-time = -1
We ngatur subsistem WSL2 sesuai karo Microsoft. Siji-sijine komentar yaiku kita wis ndownload distribusi Ubuntu, lan kita bakal nginstal ing langkah sabanjure. Sejatine, konfigurasi kasebut mudhun kanggo ngaktifake komponen tambahan "Windows Subsystem for Linux" lan "Virtual Machine Platform", lan banjur reboot kanggo ngganti setelan komputer:
Yen prelu lan nginstal paket layanan kernel Linux ing WSL2.
Kita miwiti Terminal Windows lan pilih mode Command Prompt kanthi mencet tombol Ctrl+Shift+2.
Kaping pisanan, kita nyetel mode operasi WSL2, kanggo iki kita ngetik printah:
wsl --set-default-version 2
Ganti menyang direktori bootloader mandiri Ubuntu 20.04, ing kasusku iki wslUbuntu-20.04 lan mbukak file ubuntu2004.exe. Nalika dijaluk jeneng panganggo, ketik jeneng panganggo engineer (sampeyan bisa ngetik jeneng liyane), ketik sandhi lan konfirmasi sandhi kanggo akun kasebut:
Pandhuan terminal katon, kernel Ubuntu 20.04 wis diinstal. Ayo priksa manawa setelan mode WSL2 bener, kanggo iki, ing Terminal Windows, pilih tab Windows PowerShell lan ketik printah:
wsl -l -v
asil eksekusi kudu kaya iki:
Kita ngatur firewall Microsoft Defender, i.e. mateni kanggo jaringan umum:
Nyetel Ubuntu 20.04
Ing Terminal Windows, pilih tab Command Prompt maneh lan instal nganyari kanggo Ubuntu 20.04. Kanggo nindakake iki, ing baris printah, ketik:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade βy
Instal desktop KDE Plasma:
sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y
instalasi njupuk nganti 30 menit, gumantung saka kinerja komputer lan bandwidth saluran akses Internet, nalika dijaluk dening installer, kita konfirmasi OK.
Instal lokalisasi lan kamus Rusia Ubuntu 20.04. Kanggo nindakake iki, ing baris printah, ketik:
sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, ΡΠΌ. ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales
Tambah versi paling anyar saka desktop KDE Plasma:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
Kita nambahake aplikasi konsol dhewe, contone mc ΠΈ neofetch:
sudo apt install mc neofetch -y
Kita mriksa apa sing kedadeyan, ketik ing baris printah neofetch, ndeleng screenshot:
Ngowahi file konfigurasi WSL /etc/wsl.conf:
sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf
nyalin teks menyang jendhela editor teks kosong sing mbukak:
[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = Β«metadata,umask=22,fmask=11Β»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true
nyimpen owah-owahan (Ctrl+O), konfirmasi operasi lan metu saka editor teks (Ctrl+X).
Ngekspor gambar Ubuntu-20.04 sing disesuaikan menyang direktori sing digawe wsl. Kanggo nindakake iki, ing Terminal Windows, pilih maneh tab Windows PowerShell banjur ketik printah:
wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
gambar sing digawe bakal mbantu ngotomatisasi operasi peluncuran / instal ulang Ubuntu 20.04 sing dikonfigurasi, yen perlu, bakal gampang nransfer menyang komputer liyane.
Nyiyapake file bat lan trabasan menyang desktop Windows
Nggunakake editor Notepad ++, gawe file bat (dibutuhake ing OEM-866 enkoding kanggo output karakter Cyrillic sing bener):
berkas Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - dirancang kanggo ngotomatisasi instalasi awal gambar sing digawe saka Ubuntu 20.04 ing komputer kanthi subsistem WSL2 sing wis dikonfigurasi lan server X. Yen jeneng pangguna lan sandhi beda karo sing kasebut ing conto, sampeyan kudu nggawe pangowahan sing cocog kanggo file bat iki:
@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo ΠΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π° Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ² Ubuntu-20.04 ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½!
echo ΠΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Β«rootΒ» Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ,
echo Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Β«engineerΒ», ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ: Β«passwordΒ».
pause
berkas Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - dirancang kanggo nginstal maneh gambar sing disiapake saka Ubuntu 20.04 ing komputer.
@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo ΠΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π° Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ² Ubuntu-20.04 ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½!
pause
berkas Set-default-user.bat - kanggo nyetel pangguna standar.
@echo off
set /p answer=ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π² Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Π£ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ %answer% Π² Ubuntu-20.04 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ!
pause
berkas Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - peluncuran nyata desktop KDE Plasma.
@echo off
echo ===================================== ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅! ============================================
echo ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ GUI Ubuntu 20.04 Π² WSL2 Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ X Server.
echo ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ VcXsrv Windows X Server Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
echo ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ»Π΅ Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ "config.xlaunch" ΠΈ
echo "vcxsrv.exe", ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
berkas Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - ngluncurake terminal grafis tanpa desktop KDE Plasma.
@echo off
echo ===================================== ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅! ============================================
echo ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ GUI Ubuntu 20.04 Π² WSL2 Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ X Server.
echo ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ VcXsrv Windows X Server Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
echo ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ»Π΅ Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ "config.xlaunch" ΠΈ
echo "vcxsrv.exe", ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
Uga kanggo ease saka nggunakake ing katalog wsl kita nyiapake trabasan pointing menyang cocog bat-file. Banjur isi direktori wsl katon kaya iki:
Miwiti Desktop Plasma KDE
Priksa manawa kabeh langkah persiapan wis rampung, kita nyoba mbukak trabasan Plasma-desktop. Panjaluk sandhi katon, ketik sandhi kanggo akun kasebut lan ... jendhela ditutup. Ora apa-apa pisanan. Kita nyoba maneh - lan kita ndeleng taskbar KDE Plasma sing wis dikenal. Kita ngatur tampilan taskbar, contone, kanggo gampang digunakake, panel dipindhah menyang sisih tengen layar lan dipusatake. Kita mriksa setelan lokalisasi, yen perlu, tambahake basa Rusia:
Yen perlu, kita nggawa trabasan kanggo aplikasi linux sing diinstal menyang taskbar KDE Plasma.
Yen Ubuntu 20.04 mbutuhake sampeyan metu saka akun pangguna supaya bisa ngganti setelan kasebut, utawa sampeyan kudu miwiti maneh OS, kanggo nindakake iki, ing Terminal Windows, ketik printah:
wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown
Kanthi label Plasma-desktop utawa Konsole sampeyan bisa mbukak KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Contone, nginstal karo Konsole Editor grafis GIMP:
Sawise instalasi rampung, mbukak saka Konsole Editor grafis GIMP:
GIMP bisa digunakake, sing aku pengin mriksa.
Mangkene carane macem-macem aplikasi linux bisa digunakake ing KDE Plasma ing WSL2:
taskbar KDE Plasma sing disesuaikan ana ing sisih tengen layar. lan video ing jendhela Firefox muter kanthi swara.
Yen perlu, sampeyan bisa ngatur akses menyang Ubuntu20.04 kanthi SSH ΠΈ RDP, kanggo iki sampeyan kudu nginstal layanan sing cocog karo printah:
sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y
tandha: kanggo ngaktifake akses sandi dening SSH sampeyan kudu ngowahi file kasebut /etc/ssh/sshd_config, yaiku paramèter PasswordAuthentication no kudu disetel kanggo PasswordAuthentication yes, simpen pangowahan lan urip maneh Ubuntu20.04.
Saben sampeyan miwiti Ubuntu20.04, alamat ip internal diganti, sadurunge nyetel akses remot, sampeyan kudu mriksa alamat ip saiki nggunakake printah ip a:
Mulane, alamat ip iki kudu dilebokake ing setelan sesi SSH ΠΈ RDP sadurunge miwiti.
Iki minangka akses remot SSH nggunakake MobaXterm:
Lan iki minangka akses remot RDP:
Nggunakake x server vcxsrv tinimbang x410
Bukak lan nyetel vcxsrv, kanthi ati-ati nyetel kothak centhang sing cocog:
Nyimpen konfigurasi sing dikonfigurasi ing direktori wslvcxsrv kanthi jeneng standar config.xlaunch.
Ngedit file bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat ΠΈ Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat miturut pituduhe.
Mbukak trabasan Plasma-desktop, lan iki sing kita entuk:
Desktop KDE Plasma nutup kabeh desktop Windows, kanggo ngalih ing antarane aplikasi windows linux lan windows kita nggunakake kombinasi tombol sing kondhang. Alt+Tab, sing ora trep banget.
Kajaba iku, fitur sing ora nyenengake saka server X dicethakakΓ© vcxsrv - crash nalika sampeyan mbukak sawetara aplikasi, utamane GIMP utawa LibreOffice Writer sing padha. Mbok menawa kita kudu ngenteni nganti pangembang mbusak "kewan omo", nanging iki ora mesthi ... Dadi, kanggo entuk asil sing bisa ditampa, luwih becik nggunakake X Server Microsoft x410.
kesimpulan
Isih, kita kudu mbayar pajeg kanggo Microsoft, produk WSL2 ternyata cukup bisa digunakake, lan ing mratelakake panemume inexperienced, sukses banget. Lan sawayah-wayah aku ngerti, pangembang terus intensif "rampung" iku, lan mbok menawa - ing setahun utawa loro, subsistem iki bakal katon ing kabeh nggenepi fungsi.
Source: www.habr.com