Bagan garis animasi sing bisa diselehake langsung menyang kiriman ing situs web apa wae dadi tambah populer. Dheweke nampilake dinamika owah-owahan ing karakteristik apa wae sajrone wektu tartamtu lan nindakake kanthi jelas. Ayo ndeleng carane nggawe nggunakake R lan paket umum.
Skillbox nyaranake: Kursus praktis .
Kita ngelingake: kanggo kabeh sing maca "Habr" - diskon 10 rubel nalika ndhaptar kursus Skillbox nggunakake kode promosi "Habr".
Paket
Kita butuh paket ing R:
- ggplot2
Iki loro banget perlu. Kajaba iku, tidyverse, janitor lan timbangan bakal dibutuhake kanggo ngatur data, ngresiki array lan format sing cocog.
data
Dataset asli sing bakal digunakake ing proyek iki diundhuh saka situs web Bank Dunia. Iki padha- . Data sing padha, yen sampeyan butuh siap, bisa diundhuh saka .
Apa jenis informasi iki? Sampel kasebut ngemot nilai PDB umume negara sajrone pirang-pirang taun (saka 2000 nganti 2017).
Ngolah data
Kita bakal nggunakake kode sing dikirim ing ngisor iki kanggo nyiapake format data sing dibutuhake. We mbusak jeneng kolom, nguripake nomer menyang format nomer, lan Ngonversi data nggunakake klumpukne () fungsi. We nyimpen kabeh sing ditampa ing gdp_tidy.csv kanggo nggunakake luwih.
library(tidyverse)
library(janitor)
gdp <- read_csv("./data/GDP_Data.csv")
#select required columns
gdp <- gdp %>% select(3:15)
#filter only country rows
gdp <- gdp[1:217,]
gdp_tidy <- gdp %>%
mutate_at(vars(contains("YR")),as.numeric) %>%
gather(year,value,3:13) %>%
janitor::clean_names() %>%
mutate(year = as.numeric(stringr::str_sub(year,1,4)))
write_csv(gdp_tidy,"./data/gdp_tidy.csv")
Histogram animasi
Penciptaan kasebut mbutuhake rong tahap:
- Ngplot set lengkap histogram aktual nggunakake ggplot2.
- Animasi histogram statis kanthi parameter sing dikarepake nggunakake gganimate.
Langkah pungkasan yaiku nerjemahake animasi ing format sing dikarepake, kalebu GIF utawa MP4.
Loading perpustakaan
- perpustakaan (singkatan)
- perpustakaan (ganimate)
Manajemen data
Ing langkah iki, sampeyan kudu nyaring data kanggo entuk 10 negara paling dhuwur saben taun. Ayo nambah sawetara kolom sing ngidini kita nampilake legenda kanggo histogram.
gdp_tidy <- read_csv("./data/gdp_tidy.csv")
gdp_formatted <- gdp_tidy %>%
group_by(year) %>%
# The * 1 makes it possible to have non-integer ranks while sliding
mutate(rank = rank(-value),
Value_rel = value/value[rank==1],
Value_lbl = paste0(" ",round(value/1e9))) %>%
group_by(country_name) %>%
filter(rank <=10) %>%
ungroup()
Nggawe histogram statis
Saiki kita duwe paket data ing format sing dibutuhake, kita miwiti nggambar histogram statis. Informasi dhasar - 10 negara paling dhuwur kanthi PDB maksimum kanggo interval wektu sing dipilih. Kita nggawe grafik saben taun.
staticplot = ggplot(gdp_formatted, aes(rank, group = country_name,
fill = as.factor(country_name), color = as.factor(country_name))) +
geom_tile(aes(y = value/2,
height = value,
width = 0.9), alpha = 0.8, color = NA) +
geom_text(aes(y = 0, label = paste(country_name, " ")), vjust = 0.2, hjust = 1) +
geom_text(aes(y=value,label = Value_lbl, hjust=0)) +
coord_flip(clip = "off", expand = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
scale_x_reverse() +
guides(color = FALSE, fill = FALSE) +
theme(axis.line=element_blank(),
axis.text.x=element_blank(),
axis.text.y=element_blank(),
axis.ticks=element_blank(),
axis.title.x=element_blank(),
axis.title.y=element_blank(),
legend.position="none",
panel.background=element_blank(),
panel.border=element_blank(),
panel.grid.major=element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor=element_blank(),
panel.grid.major.x = element_line( size=.1, color="grey" ),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line( size=.1, color="grey" ),
plot.title=element_text(size=25, hjust=0.5, face="bold", colour="grey", vjust=-1),
plot.subtitle=element_text(size=18, hjust=0.5, face="italic", color="grey"),
plot.caption =element_text(size=8, hjust=0.5, face="italic", color="grey"),
plot.background=element_blank(),
plot.margin = margin(2,2, 2, 4, "cm"))
Nggawe plot nggunakake ggplot2 gampang banget. Nalika sampeyan bisa ndeleng ing bagean kode ndhuwur, ana sawetara TCTerms tombol karo fungsi tema (). Padha perlu supaya kabeh unsur animasi tanpa masalah. Sawetara bisa uga ora ditampilake yen perlu. Conto: Mung garis kothak vertikal lan legenda sing digambar, nanging judhul sumbu lan sawetara komponen liyane dibusak saka wilayah.
Animasi
Fungsi tombol ing kene yaiku transition_states (), nggawe grafik statis sing kapisah. view_follow() digunakake kanggo nggambar garis kothak.
anim = staticplot + transition_states(year, transition_length = 4, state_length = 1) +
view_follow(fixed_x = TRUE) +
labs(title = 'GDP per Year : {closest_state}',
subtitle = "Top 10 Countries",
caption = "GDP in Billions USD | Data Source: World Bank Data")
Rendering
Sawise animasi wis digawe lan disimpen ing obyek anim, iku wektu kanggo nerjemahake nggunakake fungsi animate (). Renderer digunakake ing animate () bisa beda-beda gumantung ing jinis file output dibutuhake.
GIF
# For GIF
animate(anim, 200, fps = 20, width = 1200, height = 1000,
renderer = gifski_renderer("gganim.gif"))
MP4
# For MP4
animate(anim, 200, fps = 20, width = 1200, height = 1000,
renderer = ffmpeg_renderer()) -> for_mp4
anim_save("animation.mp4", animation = for_mp4 )
asil
Nalika sampeyan bisa ndeleng, ora ana sing rumit. Kabeh proyek kasedhiya ing , sampeyan bisa nggunakake kaya sing dikarepake.
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Source: www.habr.com