ααΆαααΈααα»ααααΆααααααα»α αααα»αααΆααααααα α α·ααααααα αααΆααααααα·ααΈααααααααααααααααααααααααα»ααααααααΎ binwalk α
αααα»αααΆααα·ααααα½αα―α
ααΆαααααααααααα»ααα·ααααααααααααΈ αααα»αααα‘αΎα
αααααΆαααΆααα OpenWRT αααα»ααααααα
ααΎ binwalk ααΊααΆα’αααΈ?
αααααΎαα‘αΎααααα»αααααΆα 2010 ααα Craig Heffner binwalk α’αΆα αααααααΌαααΆααααααα·ααΈαααααα αα·ααααααααα―αααΆα αααααα’ααααααααΆα αα·ααααααααΌαααΆαααααααααα―αααΆα ααΌααααα’αΆα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆα ααααααΆααααααΆααααα αΆαα αααααα·ααΈα αΆααααααΎααααααααα αα·αααΊααα αααααααααΆαα―αααΆαααΌα ααΆ JPEG αα·α PDF αα·αα αααΎααααα
α’αααα’αΆα
ααααΎ binwalk ααΎααααΈαααα
αααΆααααααα·ααΈααααααααΎααααΈαααααΈαααααααααΆααααΎαααΆαα αααααααα―αααΆααααααΈααααααΆααααΆαααΆαααααααα ααΆαααα―αααΆα αα·αααααΎα backdoors α¬αα·ααααΆααααααααΈααΈααα α’αααααα’αΆα
ααααΎααααααα opcodes
αααααΆαα bunch αα CPU αααααααααΆα
α’αααα’αΆα αααααααΌαααΆαααααααααα―αααΆα ααΎααααΈααααΎαα―αααΆαααΆααααααααΆααααΆααααΆαα (passwd, shadow, α) α αΎαααααΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααα α’αααα’αΆα ααααΎααΆααα·ααΆααααααααααααααΈααααΆαα―αααΆαααΈα α¬α αααΎαα α’αααα’αΆα ααααΎααΆααα·ααΆα entropy ααΎαα·αααααα ααΎααααΈααααΎααα·αααααααααααΆααααα αΆαα α¬αααααΌααααααΆαααααααΆαα’αα·αααααΈαα ααΆααα’αααααααααα·αα αΆαααΆα αα αΌαααααΎααΌααααααα
ααΆααΌαα α’αααΈααααααααΆααααα’αααααααΌαααΆαααΊαα ααΈααα :)
ααΎ binwalk ααααΎαααΆααααΆαααΌα ααααα ?
αα»αααΆαααααΆαααααα binwalk ααΊααΆααααααα αααααααΆααααααΆα Binwalk α’αΆα αααααααΌαααΆααααααα·ααΈαααααα ααΎααααΈαααααααααααααα―αααΆααααααααΆααααααΆαα½α αα·αααααααααα―αααΆαααααααα
ααΎα’αααααααΆααα§αααααααααΎααααΆαααααααΆααααΆααααααααΆαα? file
?
file /bin/bash
/bin/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/l, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, BuildID[sha1]=12f73d7a8e226c663034529c8dd20efec22dde54, stripped
αααα»αααΆαααΆα file
ααΎαααααΆαα―αααΆα α αΎαααααΎαα αααααααΆ (αααααααααα) ααΎααααΈαααααααααααα―αααΆαα α§ααΆα ααα ααααα·αααΎα―αααΆαα
αΆααααααΎααααααααΆαααααα 0x89 0x50 0x4E 0x47 0x0D 0x0A 0x1A 0x0A
ααΆααΉαααΆααΆααΆα―αααΆα PNG α ααΎα
Binwalk ααααΎαααΆαααΌα ααααΆα ααα»αααααααα½αα±ααααΆααααααααα αααααααΆαααα ααΎαα―αααΆα binwalk ααΉααααααα―αααΆαααΆααααΌαα ααΎαααΈαααααα binwalk α’αΆα ααΆαααα―αααΆααααααααΎααα αααα»αααΌαααΆαα
α§ααααα file
ΠΈ binwalk
ααααΎαααααΆααα libmagic
ααΎααααΈαααααα’ααααααααΆαα αααααααΆα―αααΆαα ααα»αααα binwalk
ααΎαααΈααααααααΆαααααααααΈα αααααααΆαααααααααααΆαααααα½αααΎααααΈαααααααα―αααΆααααααΆααααα αΆαα/αααα αΆαα ααααααΆαααααα·ααΈαααααα ααΊαααααΈαα»α
αααααα·ααΈα
αΆααααααΎααααααααα ααααααααα―αααΆαααΆααΎαα
αααβααΆαααααΆβαααααΆα?
ααΆαααα‘αΎα binwalk
Binwalk ααααΌαααΆαααΆαααααα ααΎαααα·ααΆααΆα αααΎααα½αααΆαα Linux, OSX, FreeBSD αα·α Windows α
ααΎααααΈααα‘αΎαααααα
α»αααααααααα»ααα binwalk α’αααα’αΆα
ααααΎααΆα
Binwalk ααΆααααΆαααΆααααααααααααααααΆααΆα αααΎαα
$ binwalk
Binwalk v2.2.0
Craig Heffner, ReFirmLabs
https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk
Usage: binwalk [OPTIONS] [FILE1] [FILE2] [FILE3] ...
Signature Scan Options:
-B, --signature Scan target file(s) for common file signatures
-R, --raw=<str> Scan target file(s) for the specified sequence of bytes
-A, --opcodes Scan target file(s) for common executable opcode signatures
-m, --magic=<file> Specify a custom magic file to use
-b, --dumb Disable smart signature keywords
-I, --invalid Show results marked as invalid
-x, --exclude=<str> Exclude results that match <str>
-y, --include=<str> Only show results that match <str>
Extraction Options:
-e, --extract Automatically extract known file types
-D, --dd=<type:ext:cmd> Extract <type> signatures, give the files an extension of <ext>, and execute <cmd>
-M, --matryoshka Recursively scan extracted files
-d, --depth=<int> Limit matryoshka recursion depth (default: 8 levels deep)
-C, --directory=<str> Extract files/folders to a custom directory (default: current working directory)
-j, --size=<int> Limit the size of each extracted file
-n, --count=<int> Limit the number of extracted files
-r, --rm Delete carved files after extraction
-z, --carve Carve data from files, but don't execute extraction utilities
-V, --subdirs Extract into sub-directories named by the offset
Entropy Options:
-E, --entropy Calculate file entropy
-F, --fast Use faster, but less detailed, entropy analysis
-J, --save Save plot as a PNG
-Q, --nlegend Omit the legend from the entropy plot graph
-N, --nplot Do not generate an entropy plot graph
-H, --high=<float> Set the rising edge entropy trigger threshold (default: 0.95)
-L, --low=<float> Set the falling edge entropy trigger threshold (default: 0.85)
Binary Diffing Options:
-W, --hexdump Perform a hexdump / diff of a file or files
-G, --green Only show lines containing bytes that are the same among all files
-i, --red Only show lines containing bytes that are different among all files
-U, --blue Only show lines containing bytes that are different among some files
-u, --similar Only display lines that are the same between all files
-w, --terse Diff all files, but only display a hex dump of the first file
Raw Compression Options:
-X, --deflate Scan for raw deflate compression streams
-Z, --lzma Scan for raw LZMA compression streams
-P, --partial Perform a superficial, but faster, scan
-S, --stop Stop after the first result
General Options:
-l, --length=<int> Number of bytes to scan
-o, --offset=<int> Start scan at this file offset
-O, --base=<int> Add a base address to all printed offsets
-K, --block=<int> Set file block size
-g, --swap=<int> Reverse every n bytes before scanning
-f, --log=<file> Log results to file
-c, --csv Log results to file in CSV format
-t, --term Format output to fit the terminal window
-q, --quiet Suppress output to stdout
-v, --verbose Enable verbose output
-h, --help Show help output
-a, --finclude=<str> Only scan files whose names match this regex
-p, --fexclude=<str> Do not scan files whose names match this regex
-s, --status=<int> Enable the status server on the specified port
ααΆααααααααΌαααΆα
α
αΌαα
αΆααααααΎαααααααααααα―αααΆαα αααααααΆαα
αααα»αααΌαααΆα (ααΌαααΆαααΈααα ααααα
αααα»αααααΎαααΆα binwalk ααΆαα½ααααΆαααΆαααααα --signatureα
$ binwalk --signature --term archer-c7.bin
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21876 0x5574 U-Boot version string, "U-Boot 1.1.4-g4480d5f9-dirty (May
20 2019 - 18:45:16)"
21940 0x55B4 CRC32 polynomial table, big endian
23232 0x5AC0 uImage header, header size: 64 bytes, header CRC:
0x386C2BD5, created: 2019-05-20 10:45:17, image size:
41162 bytes, Data Address: 0x80010000, Entry Point:
0x80010000, data CRC: 0xC9CD1E38, OS: Linux, CPU: MIPS,
image type: Firmware Image, compression type: lzma, image
name: "u-boot image"
23296 0x5B00 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D, dictionary size:
8388608 bytes, uncompressed size: 97476 bytes
64968 0xFDC8 XML document, version: "1.0"
78448 0x13270 uImage header, header size: 64 bytes, header CRC:
0x78A267FF, created: 2019-07-26 07:46:14, image size:
1088500 bytes, Data Address: 0x80060000, Entry Point:
0x80060000, data CRC: 0xBB9D4F94, OS: Linux, CPU: MIPS,
image type: Multi-File Image, compression type: lzma,
image name: "MIPS OpenWrt Linux-3.3.8"
78520 0x132B8 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x6D, dictionary size:
8388608 bytes, uncompressed size: 3164228 bytes
1167013 0x11CEA5 Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0,
compression:xz, size: 14388306 bytes, 2541 inodes,
blocksize: 65536 bytes, created: 2019-07-26 07:51:38
15555328 0xED5B00 gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: 2019-07-26
07:51:41
α₯α‘αΌααααααΎαααΆαααααααΆαααΆα αααΎαα’αααΈααΌαααΆααααα
ααΆαααααΎααααΆααααΌαααΆα 0x5AC0
αα·αααΌαααΆααααααα·ααΈα
αΆααααααΎααααααααααααααΆααααα αΆαααα
0x5B00
) αααααα’ααααΎααααααΆ uImage αα
0x13270 ααΎαααΉαααΆααααΆααααααααααααΎαααΆαααΊ MIPS α αΎαααΊαααααΈαα»α
ααΊαααα 3.3.8 α α αΎαααα’ααααΎααΌαααΆααααααααΎααα
α’αΆααααααΆα 0x11CEA5
ααΎαα’αΆα
ααΎα rootfs
ααΊααΆααααααααα―αααΆα squashfs
.
α₯α‘αΌααααα’αα»ααααΆαα±ααααΎαααΆααααααααα·ααΈα
αΆααααααΎααααααααα (U-Boot) αααααααΎααΆααααααααΆ dd
:
$ dd if=archer-c7.bin of=u-boot.bin.lzma bs=1 skip=23296 count=41162
41162+0 records in
41162+0 records out
41162 bytes (41 kB, 40 KiB) copied, 0,0939608 s, 438 kB/s
αααααΆαααΌαααΆαααααΌαααΆααααα αΆαααααααααΎ LZMA ααΎαααααΌαααααα½αααΆα
$ unlzma u-boot.bin.lzma
α₯α‘αΌααααααΎαααΆαααΌαααΆα U-Bootα
$ ls -l u-boot.bin
-rw-rw-r-- 1 sprado sprado 97476 Fev 5 08:48 u-boot.bin
ααΎααααΎααΌα
ααααα
α’αααΈααΆαααααααααααααααααΆαααΎααααααΆαα bootargs
?
$ strings u-boot.bin | grep bootargs
bootargs
bootargs=console=ttyS0,115200 board=AP152 rootfstype=squashfs init=/etc/preinit mtdparts=spi0.0:128k(factory-uboot),192k(u-boot),64k(ART),1536k(uImage),14464k@0x1e0000(rootfs) mem=128M
α’αααααα·ααααΆα U-Boot bootargs
ααααΎααΎααααΈαααααΌααααΆαααΆαααααααα
ααΊαααααΈαα»α
α α αΎαααΈααΆαααΎααΎαααΆαααΆααααααΉαααΆααααα
αααΆααα’αααΈα’αααα
αα
αΆααααααΊααααα§αααααα
ααΎααααΎααΌα ααααα α’αααΈααΆααααααα ααααΌαααΆαααΊαααααΈαα»α ?
$ dd if=archer-c7.bin of=uImage bs=1 skip=78448 count=1088572
1088572+0 records in
1088572+0 records out
1088572 bytes (1,1 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 1,68628 s, 646 kB/s
ααΎαα’αΆα
αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆααΌαααΆαααααΌαααΆααααααα
ααααααααααααααααααΎααΆααααααααΆ file
:
$ file uImage
uImage: u-boot legacy uImage, MIPS OpenWrt Linux-3.3.8, Linux/MIPS, Multi-File Image (lzma), 1088500 bytes, Fri Jul 26 07:46:14 2019, Load Address: 0x80060000, Entry Point: 0x80060000, Header CRC: 0x78A267FF, Data CRC: 0xBB9D4F94
αααααααααΆαα―αααΆα uImage ααΊααΆααΌαααΆαααΊαααααΈαα»α αααααΆαααααααΆααααααα ααααα»αααααααΆααα ααΎααααΈααα½αααΆαααΌαααΆαααΊαααααΈαα»α α α»ααααααα
$ dd if=uImage of=Image.lzma bs=1 skip=72
1088500+0 records in
1088500+0 records out
1088500 bytes (1,1 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 1,65603 s, 657 kB/s
ααΌαααΆαβααααΌαβααΆαβαααα αΆαα ααΌα ααααβααΌαβααααΆαβααΆα
$ unlzma Image.lzma
α₯α‘αΌααααααΎαααΆαααΌαααΆαααΊαααααΈαα»α α
$ ls -la Image
-rw-rw-r-- 1 sprado sprado 3164228 Fev 5 10:51 Image
ααΎααΎαα’αΆα ααααΎα’αααΈααΆαα½αααΌαααΆαααΊααα? ααΆα§ααΆα ααα ααΎαα’αΆα ααααΎααΆααααααααααααα’αααααααα»αααΌαααΆα αα·ααααααααααααααααΊαααααΈαα»α α αΎααα·ααααΆα’αααΈααα·ααααΆααααααααΎαααααΆαααααααΎαααΊαααα
$ strings Image | grep "Linux version"
Linux version 3.3.8 (leo@leo-MS-7529) (gcc version 4.6.3 20120201 (prerelease) (Linaro GCC 4.6-2012.02) ) #1 Mon May 20 18:53:02 CST 2019
αααααΈααΆαααααα·ααΈααααααααααΌαααΆαα
ααααααΆαααΆαααΈααααΆααα»α (2019) ααΌα
ααααααα»ααααααα’ααααααααααΆαααα»αααααΎααααα
αΆααααααΊαααααΈαα»α
(3.3.8) αααααΆαα
ααααααΆααααα»αααααΆα 2012 αααα
αααααααΆαα½αααΉαααααα
αΆαααα GCC (4.6) αααααα
αΆααααΆααααΈααααΆα 2012 !
(αααααααααα ααα ααΎα’ααααα
ααααΏααΆααααΎαααααααααααα’ααααα
αααα»αααΆαα·ααΆααα αα·ααα
αααααααα¬αα?)
ααΆαα½αααΉααααααΎα --opcodes
ααΎαααα’αΆα
ααααΎ binwalk ααΎααααΈααααΎαααΆαααααΆααααααααΆαααΈα αα·αααααααα
ααΆααααααααααααΎαααΆαααααΌαααΆαα
$ binwalk --opcodes Image
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2400 0x960 MIPS instructions, function epilogue
2572 0xA0C MIPS instructions, function epilogue
2828 0xB0C MIPS instructions, function epilogue
α
α»αααααααααα―αααΆα root αα·α? αααα½αα±ααααΆαααΆαααααΌαααΆαααααα α
αΌαααΎαααααΎαααααΎα binwalk --extract
:
$ binwalk --extract --quiet archer-c7.bin
ααααααααα―αααΆα root ααααααααΉαααααΌαααΆααααααα αααα ααΆαααααααα½αα
$ cd _archer-c7.bin.extracted/squashfs-root/
$ ls
bin dev etc lib mnt overlay proc rom root sbin sys tmp usr var www
$ cat etc/banner
MM NM MMMMMMM M M
$MMMMM MMMMM MMMMMMMMMMM MMM MMM
MMMMMMMM MM MMMMM. MMMMM:MMMMMM: MMMM MMMMM
MMMM= MMMMMM MMM MMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMMMM MMMM MMMMM'
MMMM= MMMMM MMMM MM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMNMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMM, NMMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMM$ ,MMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMM MMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMMMMM: MMMMMMM M MMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMM MMMMMMM
MMMMMM MMMMN M MMMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMM M MMMMMMM M M
M
---------------------------------------------------------------
For those about to rock... (%C, %R)
---------------------------------------------------------------
α₯α‘αΌαααα ααΎαα’αΆα ααααΎααΏαααααααααααΆααΆα αααΎαα
ααΎαβα’αΆα
βαααααβααβα―αααΆαβαααααβαα
ααΆβαααααααα αααααΆβαααααΆαα αααβααΌαβααααΈα αα·αβαα·ααααΆααααααβααΈααΈααα ααΎαα’αΆα
αα·ααΆαα―αααΆααααααΈααααααΆαα
αααααΆααααα½αααΈ
$ ls
bin dev etc lib mnt overlay proc rom root sbin sys tmp usr var www
$ cp /usr/bin/qemu-mips-static .
$ sudo chroot . ./qemu-mips-static bin/busybox
BusyBox v1.19.4 (2019-05-20 18:13:49 CST) multi-call binary.
Copyright (C) 1998-2011 Erik Andersen, Rob Landley, Denys Vlasenko
and others. Licensed under GPLv2.
See source distribution for full notice.
Usage: busybox [function] [arguments]...
or: busybox --list[-full]
or: function [arguments]...
BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
utilities into a single executable. Most people will create a
link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
will act like whatever it was invoked as.
Currently defined functions:
[, [[, addgroup, adduser, arping, ash, awk, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, cmp, cp, crond, crontab, cut, date, dd, delgroup, deluser, dirname, dmesg, echo, egrep, env, expr, false,
fgrep, find, free, fsync, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hexdump, hostid, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, kill, killall, klogd, ln, lock, logger, ls, lsmod, mac_addr, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp,
mount, mv, nice, passwd, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, readlink, reboot, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, sed, seq, sh, sleep, sort, start-stop-daemon, strings,
switch_root, sync, sysctl, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp, time, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, udhcpc, umount, uname, uniq, uptime, vconfig, vi, watchdog, wc, wget, which, xargs, yes, zcat
α’ααα αΆααα! ααα»ααααααΌαα αααΆαααΆαααα BusyBox ααΊ 1.19.4 α αααααΊααΆααααα αΆαααααα BusyBoxα ααααααΆααα ααααααΆ ααααΆα 2012α
ααΌα αααα TP-Link αααα ααααΌαααΆααααααα·ααΈαααααααα ααααΆα 2019 αααααααΎαααααα·ααΈ (GCC toolchain, kernel, BusyBox ααα) α αΆααααΈααααΆα 2012!
α₯α‘αΌαβαααβα’αααβαααβααΆβα ααα»βα’αααΈβααΆαβααΆβαααα»αβαααβααβααα‘αΎα OpenWRT αα βααΎβαααααααβααααβαααα»α?
ααααα·ααααααΆααα’ααααα
Binwalk ααα’αΆα ααααΎααΆααα·ααΆα entropy ααααα»ααααα·αααααα entropy αα αα·ααααααΎαααααΆα αα entropy α ααΆααααααΆ α’αααααΌααΈααΆααααα αααΎαααααΌαααΆαααααααααΎααα αααααααααααα»αααΌαααΆαααΊα αααααα αααα’αΆα ααΆααααααΆααΌαααΆαααΆαα―αααΆααααααΆαα’αα·αααααΈα αααα αΆαα α¬αααααααα αααααΉαβααΆαβα’αα·αααααΈαβααΉα? α ααα»α’αααΈααΆαααΆαα·αααΆαα
ααΎαααα’αΆα
ααααΎαααΆαααΆαααααααααααα --raw
ααΎααααΈαααααααααααΆαααααα
ααααΆαααααα½ααααα»αααΌαααΆα α¬αααΆαααΆαααααα --hexdump
ααΎααααΈα’αα»αααα hex dump ααααααααα―αααΆααααα
αΌαααΈα α¬α
αααΎαα
--magic
α¬ααααααααααα½αααΆαα
αα $ HOME / .config / binwalk / magic
.
α’αααα’αΆα
αααααααααααααΆαααααααα’αααΈ binwalk αα
ααααααααααα binwalk
ααΆα
import binwalk
binwalk.scan()
αααααααΎ Python API α’αααααα’αΆα
αααααΎαααΆααααα
ααααΆααααα
ααΌα ααααα ααα»α’αααΈααΆαααΆα’ααααα·αααΆαααααΌαααΆααααααα·ααΈααααααααΈα’ααΈαααΊαα·α α αΎαααΆααααα binwalk? αααα»ααααααΆααΆα’αααααΉαααΆαααΆααααααΆαααΈαααΆαααΆα αααΎα :)
ααααα: www.habr.com