αα
αααααΈαααΈαααααα αΌααααααΆαα
αΆααααααΎαααααα αΌαααααΈααΆαα’ααααΆ
αααααΈααααΆααααα αααααααα’αααΈαααααΉα αα·ααααα·α
αααααΆααααΆααααααααΆααααα αΆ IPv6 ping (ICMPv6 Echo Request/Echo Reply)
ααΌαα
αααΆαααΆαααα»ααααα»αααααΎααΈαα»α
(ααΆαα·ααα Fedora 31) αααααΆαααΆαααΆααααα ααΆαααααααααααααΆααααααααΆ ping αααααΆααααααααααααααα·ααααα·ααΆααααααααα αααααΉαααΆααΉαααααααααααΆααααΆααααΆααα
Ping ααααΆαα IPv6 ααΆααα’αααα ααΎααΆααααα½αα
αααααΉαααααΌα αα·αααΆαααααααα»αααΊ ping ααααΆαα IPv6 ααΆααα’αααα ααΎαααααααΆααα
IPv6 ααααΎα’αΆααααααΆααα α»ααΆααααααΆαααααααααααααααααΆαααααΆαααααααα½ααα α αααΎαα αα·αααΆαα’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 ααααΆα (α¬ααααΆα) ααα ααΆαααααΆαα IPv6 ααΈ IPv4 αααααΆαααααααα’αΆααααααΆαααααΆαααΆα αααΎα α§ααΆα ααα α’αΆααααααΆα "ααΆαααααΆαααΆαααααα" 255.255.255.255 [RFC1122] α
ααααααΆαααΆααααα ααΆαα’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 "ααααΆααααΆααα’ααα αααΎα" ααΌα ααααααΎαααΉαααααΎααΆααΎααααΈ ping ααααΆαα IPv6 ααΆααα’αααα ααΎαααα (α’αΆαααααααΆα "ααΆαααααΆα" ααΆααα·αααααΆααααααΆα’αΆααααααΆααα α»ααΆααααααΆαααααααα·ααα αααααΆαααα»ααα α»ααΆαααααα½ααααα αΌαααααΆααααΆααα’ααα α αααΆαααΆ α§ααΆα ααα αααΈαα’αΆααααααΆα "αααα»α" α¬αα α»ααΆαααααΌαααΆαααΎααα αααα»αα’αΆααααααΆαααααΆαα’ααΈααΊααα·ααα αααααΆααααα )
α’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 αα α»ααααΆααααΆααα’αααααααΆααααΆαααα ff02::1. ff
ααααΆαα±ααα’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 αα α»ααΆαα 0 αααααΆααααΊααΆαααααααααααααααΆααααΈααα·ααααααα
ααααααααα 2
αααααααααααααααα»ααα α»ααΆαα αα·αααΌα
α’αΆααααααΆα IPv4 αα α»ααΆααα α’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 αα α»ααΆαααΆααα·ααΆαααΆαα ααααααα·ααΆαααΆααααα αΆαααΈααααααααααααΆαααααααα
ααααααααΆααα α»ααΆαααααΌαααΆαα’αα»ααααΆαα±αααααααΌαααααα αα
αααααααααα
ααααααααΆαααΆααααααααααααααα·ααΆαααΆααααααΆααααααΆαα αααα
ααααααααΆαααααΌαααααααΌαααΆααααααΆαα ααααα·ααα·αααΈααΆααΎααΆα Hop Count ααααααΆαα·αααΌαααααα ααΆααΆααα·αααΆαα ααααα·αααΎα
ααα½ααααα‘αΎααααααΌααα αα»ααααααΆααααααααααααααα»ααα α»ααΆααααααΆααααααΆαα ααΆααααααΌαααΆααααααα‘αΎααα·αααααΆαααααααα αααααΊααΆαααααΈαααααααααα·ααΆαααΆα IPv6 multicast α
ααΈαααα»α ::1
αααααΆαααααα»ααα α»ααααΆααααΆααα’ααα
α’αααΈα’αΆααααααΆα ff02::1
αα½ααααααααΆααααΆααΆαα·αα
αααΆααααΆααα αα
ααΎαααΆαααΈα IPv6 αααααΆαα
ααα»α
αααααΆααα
αααΎα ααΌα
ααΆααααααα α¬αααΆαααΈααα α»αααα α’αΆααααααΆα ff02::1
αα·αααΆαα’αααΈαααα’αααα’αΆα
αααααΆααα
ααα»α
αααααΆααααΆαα½ααααααααΌαααααΎααααΎα’αααΌ ICMPv6 αα
α¬ααααΉαααΆααΉαααα½αααΆαααΆαααααΎααα ICMPv6 ααααααα
ααααα½ααααααααα ff02::1
ααΆααα»ααααΆα α αΎαα’αΆα
ααααΎαα
ααΎα
ααα»α
αααααΆαα αα·αααΆαααααΆαα½ααααααααΆαααα
ααααΆαααα α»α
ααα»α
αααααΆααα
ααΌα
αααααα
ααααααααΎα ping ααααΆαα IPv6 ααΆααα’αααα
ααΎαααααααΆαααα½α ααΎαααααΌαααααΆααα§αααααααααΎααααΆαααααααα ping
αααααΆαα IPv6 αααα
ααα»α
αααααΆαααααααααΌαααααΎα
ααΆααααααα ααα»α αααααΆαα - αααααΎααααααΆααααΆααααααααΆ
ααΌα
αααααΎαααΆαααΎααα½α
ααα αΎα α’αΆααααααΆααα α»ααααΆααααΆααα’αααααααΎαα
ααααααΎααΊ β ff02::1
- αα·ααααααααααααΆαααΆαα½αααΆααααααΉαα
ααα»α
αααααΆααααΆαα½ααααααααΌαααααΎ αα·αααα½αααααΎα’αααΌ ICMPv6 αα·ααααα
ααααααΎαααα’αααΌα
ααΌα αααα ααΎβααΎαβαααααΆααβα ααα»α βαααααΆααβαααβααααΌαβααααΎβαααααΆααβααα αβα’αΆααααααΆαβαα α»ααΆα α¬βααα βα’αΆααααααΆαβαααβααΌαααααΆαβαααβααααααΆ?
αα·ααΈααΈαα½α αα·αα αααΆαααααα»αααΊαααααααΆααΆαααΆαααΆαααααααα αααααα·ααΈαααααΎααααα»αααααΎα
αααααΆααααΆαααααΎααααΆαα ping
ααΎααααααααΆααΆαααααααααΎα -I
.
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -w 1 -I enp3s2 ff02::1
ping: Warning: source address might be selected on device other than: enp3s2
PING ff02::1(ff02::1) from :: enp3s2: 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.438 ms
64 bytes from fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.589 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::7e31:f5ff:fe1b:9fdb%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=5.15 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::f7f8:15ff:fe6f:be6e%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=58.0 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::877d:4ff:fe1a:b881%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=62.3 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::877d:4ff:fe1a:ad79%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=62.8 ms (DUP!)
--- ff02::1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, +5 duplicates, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.438/31.544/62.786/29.566 ms
[mark@opy ~]$
αααααααΎ ping αα α»ααααΆααααΆααα’ααααα ααΎαααΆαααα½αααΆαααααΎαααααΈααααΆαα IPv6 α
ααα½α 6 α ααΆαααααΎαααααΆαααααΈα’αΆααααααΆαααααΆαα Link-Local IPv6 αααα
αΆααααααΎαααΆαα½ααα»ααααα fe80::/10
.
ααΆ ping
αα·αααααααααΎααααΎα’αααΌ ICMPv6 αααααααΆαααααααα αΌααααααΎαααααΆαααΆ ααΆααααααΆααΎααααααΆααα
ααα½ααααα
αααααααααΌαααααΎααΆααααααΎα -c α αααααΆαααΆαααΆααααα αααααααΆαααΆα ping ααΈααΆαααα½ααα αα·ααααα αΆαααΆαααααΎααα ICMPv6 α’αααΌα
αααΎαααΆααα½α αα
αααααααΎααααΎ ICMPv6 α’αααΌαα α»ααΆαα αααα½ααααα·α ααΎαααΆαααααΎαααααΎα -w ααΎααααΈαααααΆααααΆ ping αα½ααααααα
αααααααΆααααΈ 1 αα·ααΆααΈ αα·αααΆααααΎα’αααΌ ICMPv6 α¬ααΆαααααΎαααα’αααΌααααΌαααΆαααααΎ α¬ααα½αααα»ααααΆααααααα
ααΏααα½αααααααααααΌαααα
α·ααααα»αααΆααααΊ (DUP!
) αααααααα
ααΎα
ααααΎαααΈααΈα αα·αααΆαααααααααΆααα αααα
ααααααααΆαααΆαααααααααΌαααΆααααααααΆααΆααΆαααααΎααααααα½α αααααααΆααΆααααααααααΆαα ICMP ααΌα
ααααΆαα
ααΉαααααΎα’αααΌ ICMPv6 ααΈαα½αααααααααΌαααΆαααααΎααΆααααΈααααΌαα αα½αααΆααα
α‘αΎααααααΆαααααααΎ ICMPv6 multicast echo ααααααααααααα
αααα»αααΆαααααΎααα unicast αα»ααααααΆα
αααΎαα α
ααα½ααααα½αααααΌαααΆαα
ααα’α»ααααα αΆαααααααα
αααα»αααα
ααααΈαααααααααα·αα·α
ααΆααααααα ααα»α αααααΆαα - ααααααααΆααααααα
αα·ααΈαα½ααααααΎααααΈαααα αΆαα ααα»α αααααΆαααααααΆααααααΎααΊααΆααααααα½ααααααΆαααΆααααααα’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 α
ααΎαβα’αΆα
βααΎαβααΎαβα§ααΆα αααβααβααΆαβαααβαα
βαααα»αβαααααα ping αααβα’αΆααααααΆαβαααα IPv6 hosts αααβααααΎαααβααβααΆαβαα
αα
ααβαααα %enp3s2
α§ααΆα ααα:
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.438 ms
αα·ααΈααΆαααααααααΆααααααΆααα ααα»α αααααΆαααααααααΌαααΆααα·αααααΆααΆααααΌαααΆααα αααα»α [RFC4007] "IPv6 Defined Address Architecture" α αααααΈααΆααΆααααααΆαα½αααΆααααΌαααΆαααα α ααΆα ααα»α αααααΆααααααααααααααα·ααααα·ααΆαααααααα½ααααα·αααΆαααααα’αααΈαααααΌαα ααΆαααα - "ααααα" α¬ "αα·ααΆαααΆα" α
α ααα»αααααααΆααααΆαααΆααααααααΌαα α¬ααααααα·ααΆαααΆαααΊααΆ ααΌα αααααΆααααααΆαααα αααα»α [RFC4007] ααααΆαα IPv6 α’αΆα ααΆαα ααα»α αααααΆαα IPv6 αααααααααΆααΆα αααΎαααααααααΆαααα ααΆαααααΌα ααααΆα α ααα»α αααααΆααααΆαααααααΊααΆαααΆαα·ααααααααααΌα ααααΆα
ααΆαα½αααα’αΆα ααΆααααΆαααα»αα ααα»α αααααΆααα αααΎααα αααα»αααααααα½ααα αααααααααααααααααα·ααααα·ααΆαα αα αα α»αααααα αααα»ααα·αααΉαααΆααΎααΆα’αΆα αα αα½α αα αααααααΈαα»α α¬ααααααααΎααΆααα
ααΆαααααΎαα
αα
αα %<zone_id>
ααΎαα’αΆα
αααααααΎααααααΆααααΆααααααααΆα
αα -I ping
.
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -w 1 ff02::1%enp3s2
PING ff02::1%enp3s2(ff02::1%enp3s2) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::2392:6213:a15b:66ff%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 ms
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.453 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.606 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::7e31:f5ff:fe1b:9fdb%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=6.23 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::f7f8:15ff:fe6f:be6e%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=157 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::877d:4ff:fe1a:ad79%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=159 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::877d:4ff:fe1a:b881%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=161 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::23d:e8ff:feec:958c%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=179 ms (DUP!)
--- ff02::1%enp3s2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, +7 duplicates, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.106/82.858/179.216/81.281 ms
[mark@opy ~]$
Link-Local Address ααααΎααα
ααΈ nodes multicast ping ααΆααα’ααααα ααΎαααΆαααα½αααΆαααααΎαααααα»αα ααα½α 6 αααα½ααααα
ααΆαααααΎαααααΆαααααααΆαααααΈα’αΆααααααΆααααΆαααΈα unicast Link-Local IPv6 α α§ααΆα ααα ααΆαααααααααααΆα ααααΎαααΈαα½αα
64 bytes from fe80::2392:6213:a15b:66ff%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 ms
Unicast Link-Local IPv6 addresses ααΊααααΌαααΆαααΆαααΆααα ααΎααααα IPv6-enabled interfaces [RFC4291], βIP Version 6 Addressing Architectureβα α ααα»αααααααΆαααααααΊααΆααααΆαα IPv6 αααααααΆαα’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 unicast αααααααααααααααα· αααααΆαααΆαα αα ααΆααα’αΆα ααααΎααΎααααΈααααΆααααααααΆαα½αααααΆαααααααααααα ααΎαααααααΆααααααΆααααααααΆα ααααα½ααααα αΌαααΆααααΆαααααΆααααααααΆαα½ααααααα·ααΈαα ααΎαααΆαααΈαααααααααααΆααααα’αΆααααααΆααααΆαααΈα Link-Local α
ααΆαα½αααααα½ααααααΆααα ααΆ αα·αααΆαα’αα»αααααα·ααΈααΆαααΌα ααΆ IPv6 Neighbor Discovery αα·α OSPFv3α ααΆααα’αα»ααααΆαα±αααααααα·ααΈα’αααααααΎααααΆααα α»αααααααα ααΎαααΆαααΈαααααΎααΆαααααΆααααααααΆαααΆαααααααα·αααΆαααΆαα αααααΆαα ααΆαααααααα IPv6 αααααΆαααααααααααααα ααΎααΆαααα ααΆαααααΆαααααααααααααΆαααααΆααααΆαααΈα IPv6 αααααΆααααααΆαααα·ααααααΌαα±ααααΆαααααααα IPv6 α¬αααΆαααΈααα DHCPv6 αα ααΎααΆααααααΆααααα
α’αΆααααααΆα Link-Local α
αΆααααααΎαααααα»ααααα 10 αααΈα fe80
α’αααααααααΌααα 54 αααΈα α αΎααααααΆαααα 64 αααΈα α
ααα»α
αααααΆααα’ααααααααΆα (IID) α αα
αααα»αα
ααααΎαααααΌαααΆαααΎ 2392:6213:a15b:66ff
ααΊααΆ IID 64 αααΈαα
Looped Multicast
ααΆαααααΆαααΎα αααα ααααααααΆααα α»ααΆαααααΌαααΆααααα‘ααααΆααααα»ααα ααααΆαααααααααΎαα½αααΆα ααΆααΎαα‘αΎααααααΆααααΆααα’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 αα·α IPv4 α
α ααα»αααααααΆααα₯αα·ααΆααααααΆαααΎααααααΊααΆαα αααααααααα ααααααααΆααα α»ααΆαααααΌαααΆαααααΎ ααΆααα’αΆα ααΆααααααα·ααΈαα α»ααΆααααα»ααααααααααααα»αααααΆααααααααα»αααααΎαααΆααα ααΎαααΆαααΈαααααΎαααα½αααΆ ααααΌα ααΆααααααααΆαα½ααα ααΎαααααΆααααααα αααααα·ααΈαααα»ααααα»ααααααααααΌαααααα½ααααα ααααααααΆαα αααΎααααααα
ααΎαα’αΆα ααΎαααΎαααααα·ααα»αααΌαααααΆααα α»ααΆαααααα αααα»ααααααα ping ααααααΎαα
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -w 1 ff02::1%enp3s2
PING ff02::1%enp3s2(ff02::1%enp3s2) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::2392:6213:a15b:66ff%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 ms
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.453 ms (DUP!)
...
ααΆαααααΎαααααααΌα αα·αααΏααααα»α (0,106 ms αααααΉα 0,453 ms) ααΆαααααΈα’αΆααααααΆα Link-Local αααααΆαααααααα
ααΆαααααααααα
ααΎα
ααα»α
αααααΆαααααα½αααΆ enp3s2
.
[mark@opy ~]$ ip addr show dev enp3s2 | grep fe80
inet6 fe80::2392:6213:a15b:66ff/64 scope link noprefixroute
[mark@opy ~]$
α§αααααααααΎααααΆαα ping
αααααααΌααα·ααΈαα½αααΎααααΈαααααααΆααααα·αααααα’αα α»ααΆααααα»αααααααααααααΎαααΆαααΆαααααα -L
. ααααα·αααΎααΎαααααΎ ping multicast ααΆααα’ααααΆαα½ααααααα αααααΆαααααΎαααααααΌαααΆααααααα
ααααααααΆααααΈα
ααααΆαα ααΎααα·αααα½αααΆαααΆαααααΎαααααΈα’αΆααααααΆα Link-Local ααα
ααα»α
αααααΆααααααΎαααααα
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -L -w 1 ff02::1%enp3s2
PING ff02::1%enp3s2(ff02::1%enp3s2) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms
64 bytes from fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.467 ms (DUP!)
...
Ping Link-α’αΆααααααΆααααα»αααααα
ααΌα
αααα’αααα’αΆα
ααΆαααΆα α’αΆααααααΆα unicast Link-Local ααααααα½αα―ααααα·ααααααααααααΆααααααααααΆααααΎααααΈα
ααα’α»ααααα αΆαααΆααΎα
ααα»α
αααααΆααααΆαα½ααααααααΌαααααΎααΎααααΈαα
ααααα½αααα ααΌα
αα
ααΉα ping multicast ααΆααα’ααααα ααΎαααααααΌααααααΆααα
ααα»α
αααααΆααααΆαααΆαααΆαααααααααααΆααααΆααααααααΆαααααα ping
α¬ααααααααΆααααααααααααΆαα’αΆααααααΆααα
ααα pinging α’αΆααααααΆα Link-Local α
ααΎααααααΎαα’αΆα
ααααΎααααΆααααΆαα -c
ααΎααααΈαααααα
ααα½ααααα
ααααααααΆα αα·αααΆαααααΎααααααααΆαααααΎ αα·αααα½α ping
α
αΆααααΆααααΈααΎααααα»ααααααα unicast ping α
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -c 1 fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2
PING fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2(fe80::fad1:11ff:feb7:3704%enp3s2) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.395 ms
--- fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.395/0.395/0.395/0.000 ms
[mark@opy ~]$
Ping (ααΆααα’αα) α’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 αααααααα?
αα
αααα»αα’αααααααα ααΎαααΆαααΎαααΈαααα ping ααααΆαα IPv6 ααΆααα’αααα
ααΎααΆααααααααααΎα’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 αα α»ααααΆααααΆααα’αα ff02::1
. ααΎαααααΆαααΎαααΈαααααααααα
ααα»α
αααααΆααααΆαα½ααααααααΌαααααΎααΆαα½αα’αΆααααααΆα IPv6 αα α»ααααΆααααΆααα’αα αααααΆαα’αΆααααααΆααααα½αααΆαα·αα’αΆα
αααααααααααΆααααααΆαααα ααΎαααΆαααααΎαααααΎααααααΆααααΆααααααααΆ ping
α¬αααααΆααα
ααα»α
αααααΆαααααααααΎαα
αα
αα %<zone_id>
.
αααααΆαααα ααΎαααΆααααα’αααΈ unicast Link-Local addresses αααααΆα’αΆααααααΆααααααααΎααΎααααΈααααΎααααα ααΉαααααΎ ICMPv6 echo αα nodes ααΆααα’ααα
ααΎαααααΆαααΎαααΈααααααααααα
ααααααααΆαα
αααΎαααααΌαααΆααααα‘αααα
ααΆααααααΆααααααΎααΆαααααΆαααΎα αα·ααααααα·αααΆαααααΆααα§αααααααααΎααααΆαα ping
.
ααΆα
α»αααααα ααΎαααΆααααα
αΌαα’αΆααααααΆα Link-Local αααα½ααααααααΎαα
αα
αα %<zone_id>
α
αΆααααΆααααΈα’αΆααααααΆα Link-Local αααα½αα―ααααα·ααααααααααααΆαα’αααΈα
ααα»α
αααααΆαααααα
αααααααα
ααΌα ααααα α»ααααΆαααΆα ααααααΆα ping ααααΆααααααααααααΆααα’αα αα·αααα½αααΆαα’αΆααααααΆα unicast ααααααααα½ααα (GUAs) (αααααΊα’αΆααααααΆαααΆααΆααααααααα½ααααα ααΎα’ααΈαααΊαα·α) α¬α’αΆααααααΆα unicast αααα»ααααα»ααααα½αααααααααα½ααα (ULAs)? ααΎαααΉαααΎαααΆαα αααα»αααΆααααααΆαααααααααααΆααα
α’ααα αΎαα
α’αααα’αΆα
ααααααααααααααα’αααΈαααααα·ααααΆααααααΎααα
ααααα: www.habr.com