αα·αααααΆαααααααααααααα·ααααα·ααΆα DNS ααααΌαααΆαα’ααααα·αααααααααααα αΎαααααααααα
αααα»αα
ααα½ααα
αα αΌαααααααααααααΈαααα αααααΈααΆααΆαααΆααααααααααΆαααααααααα
ααΆα
ααα DNS αααααΆαα
αααΎααα
ααααααΌαααΆααααααΌααααΆαα
αααΆααααΆαααα
ααΉααααααααΆαααααΆααΆαααΎαααααααα’ααααααααααααΆααααααααααααΆααααααΎαααααΆααα
αααΌααααααα½ααααααααΆαααααααααΆαααααΆαααΆαα·ααααααααα
αααα»αααααΉαααΆα ααααΆααααΆαααααα·αα»ααααααΆαα·ααΆα αα·αααΆαα
αΆαααα·αα»αααα ααααΌα
ααΆα§αααα·αααααααΆαααα ααααΎαααΆα
ααΆααααΆαααα’ααααΆαααΆααααα»αααααΆααααααΌαα ααΆαα·αααα’ααααααααΎααααααα·ααΈαα»ααα Firefox ααααααα·αα
1. αααα αΆ DNS-over-HTTPS
αα glance ααααΌα ααΆαα αΆααααααΎααααααα DNS-over-HTTPS αα αααα»ααααααα·ααΈα’ααΈαααΊαα·ααααααΆαα±ααααΆαααααα·αααααα·αααααΆαααα»αααααα αααααΆαααΆαααΆαααααα’αΆααααααΌα ααααα½ααααα·ααΆαααΊαααα·ααα αααα»αααααααΆααααα’α·αα
αααα αΆααααΌααααααααααα·ααΆαααΆαααααΆαααααΎααααΆαααααΆαααΌααααΌααΆααααα DoH ααΊααΆααααααααααΎα ααΆα αααααα αααααααα»αααααα ααΆααΆααα·αααΆαα αα·ααΈααΆα HTTP αα·ααααααα αα α»ααααααααααααΆ HTTP/2 ααα DoH ααΆαααΌαααααΆα ααΊααΆααΌαααααΆααα WWW α ααα»ααααβα’ααΈαααΊαα·αβαα·αβαααβααααΉαβααβαααααΆαβααα ααΆαααααΆααααααααα·ααααΆα αααΎαααΌα ααΆ α’ααΈααα ααΆααααααΆαααααααα αααααααααααααα―αααΆα ααααααΈααα α»αααα ααΆααΎα ααααα·αααααΎ HTTPα ααΌα αααα αααααΈααΆααΆαααΆααααααΎαααα DoH ααΆα αααΎαααΆααΆ panacea ααααα ααΆααααααΆαα·αα’αΆα α’αα»ααααααΆαααααα·αααΆααα·α αα αα·αααααααΉαααααααααααα (αα·ααα·αα αΆαααΆα α) αααααΆααα’αααΈαααααααααααα ααΈαα αα αααα·ααααΆαααααα·ααΈαα»αααα αα·ααΆαα’αΈααα αΉα DNS-over-TLS ααΎααα ααΌα ααΆααααααααααααααα·ααααΆααααααΆαααα½ααΆααΈααα αααα’αα»ααααααΆααα·αααΆααααα ααΆα ααα DNS αααααααΆααα αααα»ααα·ααΈααΆα TLS αααααααΆααα»ααααα·ααΆαα
αααα αΆααΈ 2 αααααΆααααααΆαα»ααααααΆααααΆααααα αΆααΈαα½αααΊααΆαααααααα αααα·αααααΆαααααα·ααααααΆααα DNS αααααΆααα ααΆαααα»αααΆααααα α·αααααααΆαααααΎααααΆαααααΆαααΈααα DoH αααα½ααααααΆααααααΆαααα αααα»αααΆαααααααααααα·ααΈαα»αααα ααΆαα·ααα Mozilla ααααΎα±ααααααΎααααΆααααααΈ Cloudflare α ααααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααααΌαααΆαααΆααα±ααααααΎαααΆααααα₯ααααααα’ααΈαααΊαα·αααααα ααααααααααααααααα ααΆαα·ααα Google α ααΆααααααΆααΆαα’αα»αααα DNS-over-HTTPS αα αααα»ααααααααααααΆααααΌαααΆαααααΎα‘αΎαααΆααααα αα α»αααααααααααααΆαααααααααΎαααΆαααΉαααα’ααααααα’αααααααΎααααΆααα α»ααααααααΎααααΆαααααααααα»αααα»αααααα ααΆαα·ααααααΆα’αΆααααααΆαααααααααααααΆααααααΆααα·ααΆααααααα½α DNS α’αΆα αααααα’αΆα αααααΌααα·ααααααααΆααααα αααΎαα’αααΈααΆ ααααΌα ααΆαααααΎαααΆαααααΉαααααΌααα·αααΆαααΆαααααααααααααΆα
αααα»ααααααα α’ααααα·αααααα ααααΆα’αααααΆααααααΆαα’αα»αααααααααα·αααα DNS-over-HTTPS αα ααα»αααα DNS-over-TLS αα½αααΆαα½αααΉα DNSSEC/DANE ααΆααα αα»ααααα·ααΆα αα·ααα·αα’αααααααααααΆαααααΎααααα·ααααααααααααα’ααΈαααΊαα·αααΆααααααΆ αααααΆααααΆααΆαα»ααααα·ααΆαααα ααΆα α DNS α ααΆα’αα»αα αααααΆααα ααα»ααααΆααααααα ααα»αααααααΆαααα·αα’αΆα ααααΉαααΆααΉαααΆαααΆαααααΆααααΆαααΆαααα ααααααΆαααΆαααααααααααααΆαααααααΎα DoH αα αααα»ααααααα·ααΈα’αα·αα·αα α αΎαααΆαα ααααΆαααααα’αααα αΌαα α·ααααα αα αααα·ααααΆαα»ααααα·ααΆαα
ααα»ααααα αΆααααΆααααΈααααααααΎαααΆα DoH α ααα»α’αααΈααΆαααΆαα·αααααΎααΆαααααΆααααΈααα α ααααΈααΆαααααΆαααΎααααααΆαα»αααααααΆααΈαααααααΆαααααααΆαααΈααααααααα½ααααα ααΆαααααΆαααΈααα DNS-over-HTTPS ααααΆαααααα½αααααααΎα?
2. αα·ααΈααΆα DNS-over-HTTPS
ααααα·αααΎα’ααααααα‘ααααΎααααααααΆα
αααααΆααααααααΆα ααΆααα HTTP/2 αα·αααΆααααααΆαα TLS αα»ααααα·ααΆαααα»ααααααααααααΌαααΆαααΆααααα
ααΆαααααΎααααΎ DNS α’αΆα ααααΌαααΆαααααΎαααααααΎαα·ααΈααΆααααα GET αα·α POST αααααααΆαα αααα»αααααΈααΈαα½α ααααΎααααΌαααΆαααααααααα ααΆααααα’αααααααααΆαα’αα·αααΌα base64URL α αΎααα αααα»αααΈααΈα ααΆαααααα½ααααααΎ POST αααα»ααααααααααααΈαα αααα»αααααΈααα αααααααα·αααααα MIME αα·αααααααΌαααΆαααααΎαααα»αα’αα‘α»ααααααααΎ DNS αα·αααΆαααααΎααα αααααα·ααΈ/dns-message.
root@eprove:~ # curl -H 'accept: application/dns-message' 'https://my.domaint/dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE' -v
* Trying 2001:100:200:300::400:443...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to eprove.net (2001:100:200:300::400) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
* CAfile: /usr/local/share/certs/ca-root-nss.crt
CApath: none
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
* ALPN, server accepted to use h2
* Server certificate:
* subject: CN=my.domain
* start date: Jul 22 00:07:13 2019 GMT
* expire date: Oct 20 00:07:13 2019 GMT
* subjectAltName: host "my.domain" matched cert's "my.domain"
* issuer: C=US; O=Let's Encrypt; CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
* SSL certificate verify ok.
* Using HTTP2, server supports multi-use
* Connection state changed (HTTP/2 confirmed)
* Copying HTTP/2 data in stream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
* Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x801441000)
> GET /dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE HTTP/2
> Host: eprove.net
> User-Agent: curl/7.65.3
> accept: application/dns-message
>
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
* Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS == 100)!
< HTTP/2 200
< server: h2o/2.3.0-beta2
< content-type: application/dns-message
< cache-control: max-age=86274
< date: Thu, 12 Sep 2019 13:07:25 GMT
< strict-transport-security: max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload
< content-length: 45
<
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
* Failed writing body (0 != 45)
* stopped the pause stream!
* Connection #0 to host eprove.net left intact
ααα α·ααααα»αααΆαααααααα ααααα αααααΎα ααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααΆααα αα αααα»αααΆαααααΎαααααΈαααΆαααΈαααααα αααααα αα αααα»ααααΆαααΆαααααα α’αΆαα»α’αα·ααααΆ ααΆαααααα TTL αααααΆαααααααααααΆ DNS αααααααΌαααΆααααααΌααααα·α (α¬αααααα’αααααααΆααααα·αααΎαααα»ααααα½αααΆαααα»αααααΌαααΆααααααΌααααα·α)
αααααα’ααααΎααΆαααΎ ααααΎαααΆααααααΆαααΈααα DoH ααΆαααααΆααααΆαααΆα αααΎαα
- ααα½αααααΎ HTTP α ααααα·αααΎαααααΆ GET αααααΆαααααα·ααΌααααα ααααααααΆαααΈααΆαα’αα·αααΌα base64URL α
- ααααΎαααα ααααααααΆαααααα αααΆαααΈααα DNS α
- ααα½αααΆαααΆαααααΎαααααΈαααΆαααΈααα DNS
- αααααααααααα TTL α’αααααααΆαα αααα»ααααααααααΆαααααα½αααΆαα
- αααα‘ααααΆαααααΎααααα α’αα·αα·ααααΆαααα HTTP α
3. αααΆαααΈααα DNS-over-HTTPS ααααΆαααααα½αααααα’αααα
αα·ααΈααΆαααααααα»α ααΏααααα»α αα·αααΆαααααα·αααααΆααααα»αααΎααααΈααααΎαααΆααααΆαααΈααα DNS-over-HTTPS ααααΆαααααα½αααααα’αααααΊααααΌαααααΎαααΆαααΈαααααα ααααα HTTP/2
αααααΎααααααααΌαααΆαααΆαααααααααΆααα·ααααααΆααΌαααΆααα’αααααααΆαααΈααα DoH ααααΆαααααα½αααααα’αααα’αΆα
ααααΌαααΆαα’αα»αααααααΆααααααααααααααΎα’ααααααααααα½ααααα
αΌααα
αααα»α H2O αααα½αααΆααααΆααα
root@beta:~ # uname -v
FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE-p10 GENERIC
root@beta:~ # cd /usr/ports/www/h2o
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # make extract
===> License MIT BSD2CLAUSE accepted by the user
===> h2o-2.2.6 depends on file: /usr/local/sbin/pkg - found
===> Fetching all distfiles required by h2o-2.2.6 for building
===> Extracting for h2o-2.2.6.
=> SHA256 Checksum OK for h2o-h2o-v2.2.6_GH0.tar.gz.
===> h2o-2.2.6 depends on file: /usr/local/bin/ruby26 - found
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # cd work/h2o-2.2.6/deps/
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # git clone https://github.com/iij/mruby-socket.git
ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Β«mruby-socketΒ»β¦
remote: Enumerating objects: 385, done.
remote: Total 385 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 385
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²: 100% (385/385), 98.02 KiB | 647.00 KiB/s, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ.
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ: 100% (208/208), Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ.
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # ll
total 181
drwxr-xr-x 9 root wheel 18 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 brotli/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 4 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 cloexec/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 5 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 golombset/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 35 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 klib/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 5 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 libgkc/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 26 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 libyrmcds/
drwxr-xr-x 13 root wheel 32 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 11 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-digest/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-dir/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-env/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 9 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-errno/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 14 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-file-stat/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-iijson/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 11 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-input-stream/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 11 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-io/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-onig-regexp/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 10 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-pack/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 mruby-require/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 10 12 ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. 16:10 mruby-socket/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 9 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 neverbleed/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 13 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 picohttpparser/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 4 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 picotest/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root wheel 16 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 picotls/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 8 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 ssl-conservatory/
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 18 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 yaml/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 8 12 Π°Π²Π³. 16:09 yoml/
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # cd ../../..
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # make install clean
...
ααΆαααααααα ααΆαααααααααααΆαααΈααααααααΆαααΆααΌαα ααΆααααααααααααααΆαα
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # cd /usr/local/etc/h2o/
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # cat h2o.conf
# this sample config gives you a feel for how h2o can be used
# and a high-security configuration for TLS and HTTP headers
# see https://h2o.examp1e.net/ for detailed documentation
# and h2o --help for command-line options and settings
# v.20180207 (c)2018 by Max Kostikov http://kostikov.co e-mail: [email protected]
user: www
pid-file: /var/run/h2o.pid
access-log:
path: /var/log/h2o/h2o-access.log
format: "%h %v %l %u %t "%r" %s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-agent}i""
error-log: /var/log/h2o/h2o-error.log
expires: off
compress: on
file.dirlisting: off
file.send-compressed: on
file.index: [ 'index.html', 'index.php' ]
listen:
port: 80
listen:
port: 443
ssl:
cipher-suite: ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS
cipher-preference: server
dh-file: /etc/ssl/dhparams.pem
certificate-file: /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/eprove.net/fullchain.pem
key-file: /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/my.domain/privkey.pem
hosts:
"*.my.domain":
paths: &go_tls
"/":
redirect:
status: 301
url: https://my.domain/
"my.domain:80":
paths: *go_tls
"my.domain:443":
header.add: "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload"
paths:
"/dns-query":
mruby.handler-file: /usr/local/etc/h2o/h2odoh.rb
ααααΈααΎαααααααα½ααααααΊαααααα·ααΈααααααααα URL /dns-αααα½α ααααααΆαααΈααα DNS-over-HTTPS ααααααΎαααααααααααΆ mruby αα·αα α ααΆαααααααααΎα handler ααΊαα·αααΆααα½ααα»αααααΌα mruby.handler-α―αααΆα.
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # cat h2odoh.rb
# H2O HTTP/2 web server as DNS-over-HTTP service
# v.20190908 (c)2018-2019 Max Kostikov https://kostikov.co e-mail: [email protected]
proc {|env|
if env['HTTP_ACCEPT'] == "application/dns-message"
case env['REQUEST_METHOD']
when "GET"
req = env['QUERY_STRING'].gsub(/^dns=/,'')
# base64URL decode
req = req.tr("-_", "+/")
if !req.end_with?("=") && req.length % 4 != 0
req = req.ljust((req.length + 3) & ~3, "=")
end
req = req.unpack1("m")
when "POST"
req = env['rack.input'].read
else
req = ""
end
if req.empty?
[400, { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }, [ "Bad Request" ]]
else
# --- ask DNS server
sock = UDPSocket.new
sock.connect("localhost", 53)
sock.send(req, 0)
str = sock.recv(4096)
sock.close
# --- find lowest TTL in response
nans = str[6, 2].unpack1('n') # number of answers
if nans > 0 # no DNS failure
shift = 12
ttl = 0
while nans > 0
# process domain name compression
if str[shift].unpack1("C") < 192
shift = str.index("x00", shift) + 5
if ttl == 0 # skip question section
next
end
end
shift += 6
curttl = str[shift, 4].unpack1('N')
shift += str[shift + 4, 2].unpack1('n') + 6 # responce data size
if ttl == 0 or ttl > curttl
ttl = curttl
end
nans -= 1
end
cc = 'max-age=' + ttl.to_s
else
cc = 'no-cache'
end
[200, { 'content-type' => 'application/dns-message', 'content-length' => str.size, 'cache-control' => cc }, [ str ] ]
end
else
[415, { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }, [ "Unsupported Media Type" ]]
end
}
ααΌαα
αααΆαααΆαααΆαααΈαααααααΆαααααααΆααααΌαααααΆαααα½ααα»αααααΌααααααΆααααααΎαααΆααααα
αα DNS αααα»αααααΈααα
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # local-unbound verison
usage: local-unbound [options]
start unbound daemon DNS resolver.
-h this help
-c file config file to read instead of /var/unbound/unbound.conf
file format is described in unbound.conf(5).
-d do not fork into the background.
-p do not create a pidfile.
-v verbose (more times to increase verbosity)
Version 1.8.1
linked libs: mini-event internal (it uses select), OpenSSL 1.1.1a-freebsd 20 Nov 2018
linked modules: dns64 respip validator iterator
BSD licensed, see LICENSE in source package for details.
Report bugs to [email protected]
root@eprove:/usr/local/etc/h2o # sockstat -46 | grep unbound
unbound local-unbo 69749 3 udp6 ::1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 4 tcp6 ::1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 5 udp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 6 tcp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
α’αααΈααααα ααααααααΊααααΌαα αΆααααααΎα H2O α‘αΎααα·α α αΎαααΎαααΆααΎααΆααααΈα’αααΈα
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # service h2o restart
Stopping h2o.
Waiting for PIDS: 69871.
Starting h2o.
start_server (pid:70532) starting now...
4. ααΆαααααΎααααα
ααΌα αααα ααΌααα·αα·αααααΎααααααααααααααΎααααΎααΆαααααααααααα α αΎααα·αα·αααααΎαα ααΆα ααααααΆααααααααΎα§αααααααααΎααααΆαα tcpdump.
root@beta/usr/local/etc/h2o # curl -H 'accept: application/dns-message' 'https://my.domain/dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE'
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
...
root@beta:~ # tcpdump -n -i lo0 udp port 53 -xx -XX -vv
tcpdump: listening on lo0, link-type NULL (BSD loopback), capture size 262144 bytes
16:32:40.420831 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 37575, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 57, bad cksum 0 (->e9ea)!)
127.0.0.1.21070 > 127.0.0.1.53: [bad udp cksum 0xfe38 -> 0x33e3!] 43981+ A? example.com. (29)
0x0000: 0200 0000 4500 0039 92c7 0000 4011 0000 ....E..9....@...
0x0010: 7f00 0001 7f00 0001 524e 0035 0025 fe38 ........RN.5.%.8
0x0020: abcd 0100 0001 0000 0000 0000 0765 7861 .............exa
0x0030: 6d70 6c65 0363 6f6d 0000 0100 01 mple.com.....
16:32:40.796507 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 37590, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 73, bad cksum 0 (->e9cb)!)
127.0.0.1.53 > 127.0.0.1.21070: [bad udp cksum 0xfe48 -> 0x43fa!] 43981 q: A? example.com. 1/0/0 example.com. A 93.184.216.34 (45)
0x0000: 0200 0000 4500 0049 92d6 0000 4011 0000 ....E..I....@...
0x0010: 7f00 0001 7f00 0001 0035 524e 0035 fe48 .........5RN.5.H
0x0020: abcd 8180 0001 0001 0000 0000 0765 7861 .............exa
0x0030: 6d70 6c65 0363 6f6d 0000 0100 01c0 0c00 mple.com........
0x0040: 0100 0100 0151 8000 045d b8d8 22 .....Q...].."
^C
2 packets captured
23 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
αααααααααα αΆαααΈαααααααααααΎααΎααααΈαααααααΆαα’αΆααααααΆα example.com ααααΌαααΆαααα½α αα·αααααΎαααΆααααααααααααααααΆαααΈααα DNS α
α₯α‘αΌααααα’αααΈαααααα αααααΊααααΌαααΎαααααΎαααΆααααΆαααΈαααααααααΎααα αααα»ααααααα·ααΈαα»ααα Firefox α ααΎααααΈααααΎααΌα αααα’αααααααΌαααααΆααααααΌαααΆααααααααΆα αααΎααα ααΎαααααααααααα ααΆαααααααα α’αααΈ: config.
ααΈαα½α αααααΊααΆα’αΆααααααΆα API ααααααΎα ααααααααα·ααΈαα»αααααΉαααααΎαα»αααααααΆα DNS α αΌα network.trr.uri. ααΆααααΌαααΆααααααα’αα»ααΆααααααααααΎααααΈαααααΆαα IP αααααΈ URL ααααααααΆααααΆααααααααΆα IP αααααααααα»ααααα·ααΆααααααααΎαααααα·ααΈαα»ααααααα½αααΆααααα·αα αΆαααΆα αα αΌαααααΎ DNS α αΌα network.trr.bootstrap α’αΆαααααααΆα. α αΎαααΈαααα»ααααΆαααΆαααααααααα½αα―α network.trr.mode αα½αααΆααααΆαααααΎααααΆαα DoH α ααΆααααααααααααα "3" ααΉααααααα±αααααααα·ααΈαα»αααααΆαα’ααΈαααΊαα·αααααΎ DNS-over-HTTPS ααΆαααααα»ααααααΆαααααααααααΆαααααα ααααααααα "2" αααα’αΆα αα»αα α·αααααΆα αα·ααα»ααααα·ααΆαααΆαααΉααααααα’αΆαα·ααΆαααα DoH ααααα»αααΆαααααΎα DNS αααααααΆαααΆαααααΎααααα½ααα·αα
5. α αααα!
ααΎα’αααααααΆααααααααααα? αααααΆααααααΌααα»αααααΆααα’αα αα·αααΆαααααααααααΆααααΆααααααααααα’αααα (ααΆαααααα)α
ααααα: www.habr.com