Propositum huius articuli simpliciorem reddere conformationem muneris DHCP pro VXLAN BGP EVPN et DFA fabricae utens Microsoft Windows Servo 2016/2019.
In documentis officialibus, ministerium DHCP in Microsoft Windows Servo 2012 fundatum est, ad fabricam configuratur sicut in superscopa continentem piscinam loopback (calenda huius piscinae est exclusio omnium inscriptionum IP piscinae e stagno (exclusa IP inscriptione = piscinae)) et piscinae ad inscriptiones IP exeuntibus pro reticulis realibus (hic caleo - policy configuratur - in quibus DHCP Nullam Circuit ID percolantur et hoc DHCP Nullam Circuit ID continet VNI pro retiacula, i.e. pro alio lacu hoc DHCP Nullam Circuitus ID inmutatus erit).
To configure DHCP on Windows server.
1. Create a super scope. Within the super scope, create scope B, S1, S2, S3, β¦, Sn for the subnet B and the subnets for each segment.
2. In scope B, specify the 'Exclusion Range' to be the entire address range (so that the offered address range must not be from this scope).
3. For every segment scope Si, specify a policy that matches on Agent Circuit ID with value of '0108000600XXXXXX', where '0108000600' is a fixed value for all segments, the 6 numbers "XXXXXX" is the segment ID value in hexadecimal. Also ensure to check the Append wildcard(*) check box.
4. Set the policy address range to the entire range of the scope.Hic articulus respondet quaestionibus sequentibus:
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introduction
Haec pars breviter omnia initiales notitias enumerat: Instructiones ad configurandum retis instrumenta, RFCs adhibita in DHCP in officinarum eVPN fasciculis, evolutionis DHCP servo occasus in Microsoft Windows Servo 2012 in documentis Cisco pro relatio praebetur. Necnon breves informationes de Superscope et Politia in DHCP opera in Microsoft Windows Servers.
Quomodo configurare DHCP Nullam in VXLAN BGP EVPN, DFA fabric?
Configurans DHCP Nullam in fabrica VXLAN BGP EVPN non est principale huius articuli, sicut satis simplex est. Nexus ad documenta praebeo et vastatorem in lectis retis instruo.
Exemplum constituendi DHCP Nullam in nexu 9000V v9.2(3)
service dhcp
ip dhcp relay
ip dhcp relay information option
ip dhcp relay information option vpn
interface loopback10
vrf member VRF1
ip address 10.120.0.1/32 tag 1234567
interface Vlan12
no shutdown
vrf member VRF1
no ip redirects
ip address 10.120.251.1/24 tag 1234567
no ipv6 redirects
fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway
ip dhcp relay address 10.0.0.5
ip dhcp relay source-interface loopback10
RFCs quae perficiuntur in operatione DHCP Nullam servitium in textilia VXLAN BGP EVPN
RFC#6607: Sub-option 151(0x97) - Virtual Subnet Selection
β’ Sub-option 151(0x97) - Virtual Subnet Selection (Defined in RFC#6607)
Used to convey VRF related information to the DHCP server in an MPLS-VPN and VXLAN EVPN multi-tenant environment.Nomen "VRF" in quo client sita est, transmittitur.
RFC#5107: Sub-option 11(0xb) - Servo ID Override
β’ Sub-option 11(0xb) - Server ID Override (Defined in RFC#5107.)
The server identifier (server ID) override sub-option allows the DHCP relay agent to specify a new value for the server ID option, which is inserted by the DHCP server in the reply packet. This sub-option allows the DHCP relay agent to act as the actual DHCP server such that the renew requests will come to the relay agent rather than the DHCP server directly. The server ID override sub-option contains the incoming interface IP address, which is the IP address on the relay agent that is accessible from the client. Using this information, the DHCP client sends all renew and release request packets to the relay agent. The relay agent adds all of the appropriate sub-options and then forwards the renew and release request packets to the original DHCP server. For this function, Ciscoβs proprietary implementation is sub-option 152(0x98). You can use the ip dhcp relay sub-option type cisco command to manage the function.Optio adhibetur ut cliens petitionem mittit ut locationem electronicam renovet ad IP oratio hac optione adhibita. (In Cisco VXLAN BGP, EVPN porta est huius defectus Anycast inscriptio.)
RFC#3527: Sub-option 5(0x5) - Link Electio
Sub-option 5(0x5) - Link Selection (Defined in RFC#3527.)
The link selection sub-option provides a mechanism to separate the subnet/link on which the DHCP client resides from the gateway address (giaddr), which can be used to communicate with the relay agent by the DHCP server. The relay agent will set the sub-option to the correct subscriber subnet and the DHCP server will use that value to assign an IP address rather than the giaddr value. The relay agent will set the giaddr to its own IP address so that DHCP messages are able to be forwarded over the network. For this function, Ciscoβs proprietary implementation is sub-option 150(0x96). You can use the ip dhcp relay sub-option type ciscocommand to manage the function.Inscriptio retis unde client eget IP oratio.
Documenta Evolutionis Cisco de Vestibulum DHCP in Microsoft Windows Servo 2012
Hanc sectionem comprehendi quia ex parte venditoris est inclinatio positiva;
Documenta tantum ostendit quomodo DHCP configurare Nullam in apparatu network.
Alius articulus usus est ad configurare DHCP in Windows Servo 2012:
Articulus hic indicat singulas retiacula/VNI fasciculum Superscope suum requirere et suum institutum Loopback inscriptionum:
If multiple DHCP Scopes are required for multiple subnets, you need to create one LoopbackX per subnet/vlan on all LEAFS and create a superscope with a loopbackX range scope and actual client IP subnet scope per vlan.
Servo Fenestra 2012 adiecit Occasus ad documentum ad apparatum retis erigendum. Pro omnibus lacunis inscriptionibus adhibitis, unus Superscope per centrum datae requiritur et hic Superscope est terminus centri datae;
Create Superscope for all scopes you want to use for Option 82-based policies.
Note
The Superscope should combine all scopes and act as the administrative boundary.
Omnia brevissime explicantur:
Let us assume the switch is using the address from subnet B (it can be the backbone subnet, management subnet, or any customer designated subnet for this purpose) to communicate with the Windows DHCP server. In DFA we have subnets S1, S2, S3, β¦, Sn for segment s1, s2, s3, β¦, sn.
To configure DHCP on Windows server.
1. Create a super scope. Within the super scope, create scope B, S1, S2, S3, β¦, Sn for the subnet B and the subnets for each segment.
2. In scope B, specify the 'Exclusion Range' to be the entire address range (so that the offered address range must not be from this scope).
3. For every segment scope Si, specify a policy that matches on Agent Circuit ID with value of '0108000600XXXXXX', where '0108000600' is a fixed value for all segments, the 6 numbers "XXXXXX" is the segment ID value in hexadecimal. Also ensure to check the Append wildcard(*) check box.
4. Set the policy address range to the entire range of the scope.
DHCP in Microsoft Windows Servo (superscope & consilium)
Superscope is an administrative feature of a DHCP server that can be used to group multiple scopes as a single administrative entity. Superscope allows a DHCP server to provide leases from more than one scope to clients on a single physical network. Scopes added to a superscope are called member scopes.
Quod Superscope - munus est, quod permittit ut plures lacunas IP inscriptionum in unam administrativam unitatem coniungeret. Ad usores in eadem retis corporis fabrica (in eadem VLAN) IP inscriptiones e pluribus lacunis commonebo. Si petitio venit ad piscinam inscriptionum in parte Superscope, tunc cliens dari potest electronica ex alio Scopo in hac Superscope inclusa.
The DHCP Server role in Windows Server 2012 introduces a new feature that allows you to create IPv4 policies that specify custom IP address and option assignments for DHCP clients based on a set of conditions.
The policy based assignment (PBA) feature allows you to group DHCP clients by specific attributes based on fields contained in the DHCP client request packet. PBA enables targeted administration and greater control of the configuration parameters delivered to network devices with DHCP.
Politiae - permittite ut IP inscriptiones usoribus tribuas secundum rationem usoris vel parametri. Cisco fabrum utuntur consiliis in Windows Servo 2012 ad colum ab VNI (Retiacula Virtualis Identifier).
pelagus
Haec sectio eventus investigationis continet, cur non sustinetur, quomodo operatur (logica), quid novum et quomodo hoc novum adiuvabit.
Cur Microsoft Windows Servo 2000/2003/2008 non valet?
Microsoft Windows Servo 2008 et ante versiones optionis 82 non processi et reditus fasciculus mittitur sine optione 82 .
- Rogatio a client mittitur ad Iaci (DHCP Discover).
- Apparatus (Nexus) fasciculum mittit ad servo DHCP (DHCP Inventite + Option 82).
- Servo DHCP fasciculum accipit, processit, remittit, sed sine optione 82. (DHCP Offer - sine optione 82)
- Apparatus (Nexus) fasciculum accipit a servo DHCP. (DHCP Offer) Sed fasciculum hunc finem user non mittit.
Sniffer data - in Windows Servo 2008 et in DHCP clienteFenestra Servo 2008 petitio ab instrumento retis accipit. (Optio 82 adest in indice)
Fenestra Servo 2008 responsio ad apparatum retis mittit. (Option LXXXII non ponitur optio in sarcina)
Petitio e cliente - DHCP Discover adest et DHCP Offer is missing
Statistics in network apparatu:
NEXUS-9000V-SW-1# show ip dhcp relay statistics
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Type Rx Tx Drops
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Discover 8 8 0
Offer 8 8 0
Request(*) 0 0 0
Ack 0 0 0
Release(*) 0 0 0
Decline 0 0 0
Inform(*) 0 0 0
Nack 0 0 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 16 16 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
DHCP L3 FWD:
Total Packets Received : 0
Total Packets Forwarded : 0
Total Packets Dropped : 0
Non DHCP:
Total Packets Received : 0
Total Packets Forwarded : 0
Total Packets Dropped : 0
DROP:
DHCP Relay not enabled : 0
Invalid DHCP message type : 0
Interface error : 0
Tx failure towards server : 0
Tx failure towards client : 0
Unknown output interface : 0
Unknown vrf or interface for server : 0
Max hops exceeded : 0
Option 82 validation failed : 0
Packet Malformed : 0
Relay Trusted port not configured : 0
DHCP Request dropped on MCT : 0
* - These counters will show correct value when switch
receives DHCP request packet with destination ip as broadcast
address. If request is unicast it will be HW switched
NEXUS-9000V-SW-1#
Cur conformatio tam difficilis in Microsoft Windows Servo 2012?
Microsoft Windows Servo 2012 nondum suscipit RFC#3527 (Option 82 Sub-option 5(0x5) - Link Electio)
Sed politiae functionality iam effecta est.
Quam operatus est,
- Microsoft Windows Servo 2012 ad piscinam eximiam (SuperScope) habet quae inscriptiones Loopback et lacus pro reticulis realibus habet.
- Delectu piscinae pro inscriptione IP ferendi in Superscope incidit, quia responsio ex DHCP Nullam venit cum Loopback Source inscriptione in Superscope comprehensa.
- Excolo utens, petitio ex Superscope deligit illum membrum scopo cuius VNI continetur in Option 82 Suboption 1 Circuitus agentis ID. ("0108000600" + 24 frena VNI + 24 frena quorum valores mihi ignoti sunt, sniffer valores 0 in hoc campo ostendit.
Quomodo setup simplicior in Microsoft Windows Servo 2016/2019?
Microsoft Windows Servo 2016 instrumenti RFC#3527 functionality. Id est, Windows Servo 2016 agnoscere rectam network ex Optione 82 Sub-optionem 5(0x5) - Link Electio attributum
Tres quaestiones statim oriuntur:
- Sine Superscope facere possumus?
- Possumusne sine politia et VNI ad formam hexadecimalem convertere?
- Sine loco facere possumus pro Loopback DHCP Source inscriptiones?
Q. Sine Superscope facere possumus?
A. Scopus ita statim creari potest in inscriptionibus IPv4.
Q. Possumusne sine politia et VNI ad formam hexadecimalem convertere?
A. Ita, retis lectio in Optione 82 Suboption 0x5 fundatur;
Q. Sine loco facere possumus pro Loopback DHCP Source inscriptiones?
A. Nullam non possumus. Quia Microsoft Windows Servo 2016/2019 tutelam habet contra petitiones malignas DHCP. Hoc est, omnes petitiones inscriptionum quae in DHCP servo piscinae malignae habentur.
Note
All relay agent IP addresses (GIADDR) must be part of an active DHCP scope IP address range. Any GIADDR outside of the DHCP scope IP address ranges is considered a rogue relay and Windows DHCP Server will not acknowledge DHCP client requests from those relay agents.
A special scope can be created to "authorize" relay agents. Create a scope with the GIADDR (or multiple if the GIADDR's are sequential IP addresses), exclude the GIADDR address(es) from distribution, and then activate the scope. This will authorize the relay agents while preventing the GIADDR addresses from being assigned.Illae. Configurare piscinam DHCP pro officina VXLAN BGP EVPN in Microsoft Windows Servo 2016/2019, tibi tantum opus est:
- Create lacum ad Sources Nullam inscriptiones.
- Creare stagnum retiacula in clientis
Quod non est necessarium (sed conformari potest et opus est et non impedit opus);
- Create Policy
- Create SuperScope
exempli gratiaExemplum constituendi servo DHCP (sunt 2 clientes reales DHCP - clientes cum fabricae VXLAN conexi sunt)
Exemplum usoris piscinam constituendi:
Exemplum constituendi usoris piscinae (consiliae selectae sunt ad probandum consilia non adhibita esse ad rectam operationem piscinae);
Exemplum figurandi piscinam pro Source DHCP inscriptionum Nullam ( ampliatio inscriptionum pro editae plene respondet exclusioni ab inscriptione piscinae);
DHCP munus erigens in Microsoft Windows Servo MMXIX "
Lacunam configurans pro Loopback inscriptiones (source) pro DHCP Nullam.
Novam piscinam in spatio IPv4 creamus.
Piscinae creatio magus. "Next>"
Configurare lacus nomen et descriptionem piscinis.
Pone facultatem inscriptionum IP ad Loopback et larvam ad piscinam.
Additis exceptionibus. Exclusio range necesse est prorsus inserere piscinam range.
Tempus Rental. "Next>"
Query: DHCP optiones configurabis nunc (DNS, wins, porta, Domain) an postea id facies. Esset velocius nihil respondere, et tincidunt lacus eu. Aut vade ad finem absque ulla informatione implens et excita lacus in fine magorum.
Confirmamus optiones non felis nec lacus non reducitur. " perfice " ;
Nos manually eu lacus. β Lego Scope et in contextu menu β select "Activate".
Lacum users/servis creamus.
Lacum novum creamus.
Piscinae creatio magus. "Next>"
Configurare lacus nomen et descriptionem piscinis.
Pone facultatem inscriptionum IP ad Loopback et larvam ad piscinam.
Additis exceptionibus. (Exceptiones non requisitae per defaltam) "Next >"
Tempus Rental. "Next>"
Query: DHCP optiones configurabis nunc (DNS, wins, porta, Domain) an postea id facies. Nunc sit amet posuere enim.
Configurare default porta oratio.
Configuramus dominium ac DNS inscriptionem servilem.
Configurans IP inscriptiones de WINS servientibus.
Scopus activation.
Etiam in tincidunt lacus. " perfice " ;
conclusio,
Usus Fenestra Servo 2016/2019 multiplicitatem redigit ad fabricam DHCP erectionis pro servo fabricae VXLAN (vel cuiuslibet alterius fabricae). (Non est necesse est speciales nexus ad IT specialitas transferre: Network/Agens Circuit ID columellas ad subcriptio.)
Configuratio erit pro Fenestra Servo 2012 opus in novis 2016/2019 servientibus - sic faciet.
Documentum hoc continet references ad 2 versiones: 7.X et 9.3. Hoc accidit ex eo quod versio 7.0(3)I7(7) est emissio Cisco Suggesta, et versio 9.3 maxime nova est (vel Multicast per VXLAN Multisite favens).
Index fontium
Source: www.habr.com