🥇Identifikatioun Prozesser mat Disk Aktivitéit am Linux

TL; DR: Den Artikel schwätzt iwwer e prakteschen, schnellen an zouverléissege Wee fir Linux Programmer z'identifizéieren, déi Daten op Disk schreiwen, wat hëlleft bei der Identifikatioun vu grousser oder anormal heefeg Belaaschtung op den Disk Subsystem, an erlaabt Iech och d'Overhead vum Dateiesystem ze schätzen. Dëst ass besonnesch wouer fir SSDs op PCs, EMMCs, a Flash Memory an Single Board Computeren.
Beim Schreiwen vun dësem Artikel hunn ech entdeckt datt e puer Kilobytes vun Daten op de BTRFS Dateisystem schreiwen, resultéiert am Schreiwen vun 3 Megabytes vun echte Daten op Disk.

Aféierung

"Oh, Blödsinn, d'Erënnerungszellen op modernen SSDs falen no Joerzéngte vun normaler Benotzung, maach der keng Suergen doriwwer, vill manner Transfertaustausch, virtuelle Maschinnen an de Browser Profil Dossier op d'HDD" - eng typesch Äntwert op d'Fro iwwer d'Zouverlässegkeet vun Solid-State fiert mat garantéiert ≈150 TBW. Wann Dir schätzt wéi vill Daten eng typesch Software schreiwen kann, schéngt et datt 10-20 GB pro Dag schonn eng grouss Zuel ass, loosst et maximal 40 GB sinn, vill méi. Gitt dës Zuelen, ass d'Äntwert ganz raisonnabel - et dauert 10 Joer fir z'erreechen garantéiert Wäerter fir d'Zuel vun den Zellen iwwerschriwwen, mat 40 GB vun opgeholl Daten all Dag.
Wéi och ëmmer, a 6 Joer benotzen ech scho meng drëtt SSD: de Controller vun der éischter huet gescheitert, an deen zweeten huet ugefaang Daten tëscht Zellen e puer Mol am Dag ze beweegen, wat zu 30 Sekonnen Verspéidungen am Opnamservice gefouert huet.

No 7 Méint vun der Benotzung vun der neier SSD, hunn ech beschloss d'Quantitéit vun den schrëftlechen Donnéeën ze kontrolléieren, wéi de Drive selwer iwwer SMART gemellt huet.
19.7 TB.
A just 7 Méint hunn ech 13% vun der garantéierter Quantitéit vun opgeholl Daten benotzt, trotz der Tatsaach, datt et am Aklang mat den Empfehlungen konfiguréiert ass fir d'Ausrichtung vun de Partitionen an d'FS opzestellen, ech benotze bal ni Swap, d'Virtuell Maschinn Disken sinn lokaliséiert op HDD!
Dëst ass eng anormal grouss Zuel; bei dësem Taux gëtt d'Garantie TBW iwwerschratt ier d'5-Joer Disk Garantie Period erreecht gëtt. A mäi Computer kann net 93 gigabytes pro Dag schreiwen! Mir musse kucken wéi vill Donnéeën an 10 Minutten op Disk geschriwwe sinn ...

Total: Writes Queued: 24,712, 2,237MiB Writes Completed: 25,507, 2,237MiB Write Merges: 58, 5,472KiB

2.2 GiB, oh-ho-ho!

Bestëmmung vun der Quantitéit vun Daten, déi op en Diskapparat geschriwwe sinn

Wann Ären Apparat S.M.A.R.T. (SSD, EMMC, e puer industriell MicroSD), dann ass dat éischt wat Dir maache sollt ass Daten vum Drive mat Programmer ze froen smartctl, skdump oder mmc (vu mmc-utils).

Beispill Ausgang vum Smartctl Programm

$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.0 2019-03-31 r4903 [x86_64-linux-5.3.11-200.fc30.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Samsung based SSDs
Device Model:     Samsung SSD 860 EVO mSATA 250GB
Serial Number:    S41MNC0KA13477K
LU WWN Device Id: 5 002538 e700fa64b
Firmware Version: RVT41B6Q
User Capacity:    250 059 350 016 bytes [250 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      mSATA
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-4 T13/BSR INCITS 529 revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Nov 19 01:48:50 2019 MSK
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                (    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x53) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        No Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  85) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       5171
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       459
177 Wear_Leveling_Count     0x0013   096   096   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       62
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot   0x0013   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total  0x0032   100   100   010    Old_age   Always       -       0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total  0x0032   100   100   010    Old_age   Always       -       0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0013   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
187 Uncorrectable_Error_Cnt 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0032   058   039   000    Old_age   Always       -       42
195 ECC_Error_Rate          0x001a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
199 CRC_Error_Count         0x003e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
235 POR_Recovery_Count      0x0012   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       29
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       38615215765

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Meng SSD späichert d'Quantitéit vun Daten, déi am Parameter 241 Total_LBAs_Written geschriwwe sinn, a logesche Blocken (LBA) anstatt Bytes. D'Gréisst vum logesche Block a mengem Fall ass 512 Bytes (et kann am Smartctl Output gesi ginn, a Sector Size). Fir Bytes ze kréien, musst Dir de Parameterwäert mat 512 multiplizéieren.

38615215765 × 512 ÷ 1000 ÷ 1000 ÷ 1000 ÷ 1000 = 19,770 ТБ
38615215765 × 512 ÷ 1024 ÷ 1024 ÷ 1024 ÷ 1024 = 17,981 ТиБ

De Programm skdump op menger SSD probéiert et den Total_LBAs_Written Wäert iergendwéi op seng eege Manéier ze interpretéieren, dofir weist et 1296217.695 TB, wat selbstverständlech falsch ass.

Fir erauszefannen wéi vill Informatioun um Apparatniveau opgeholl ass, benotze mir de Programm btrace aus dem Pak blktrace. Et weist souwuel allgemeng Statistike fir déi ganz Zäit wou de Programm leeft, an individuell Prozesser an Threads (inklusiv Kären) déi d'Opnahm gemaach hunn.

Fëllt de folgende Kommando aus fir Informatioun an 10 Minutten ze sammelen, wou /dev/sdb Är Disk ass:

# btrace -w 600 -a write /dev/sdb

Typesch Kommando Ausgang

…
  8,16   0     3253    50.085433192     0  C  WS 125424240 + 64 [0]
  8,16   0     3254    50.085550024     0  C  WS 193577744 + 64 [0]
  8,16   0     3255    50.085685165     0  C  WS 197246976 + 64 [0]
  8,16   0     3256    50.085936852     0  C  WS 125736264 + 128 [0]
  8,16   0     3257    50.086060780     0  C  WS 96261752 + 64 [0]
  8,16   0     3258    50.086195031     0  C  WS 94948640 + 64 [0]
  8,16   0     3259    50.086327355     0  C  WS 124656144 + 64 [0]
  8,16   0     3260    50.086843733 15368  C WSM 310218496 + 32 [0]
  8,16   0     3261    50.086975238   753  A WSM 310218368 + 32 <- (8,20) 291339904
  8,16   0     3262    50.086975560   753  Q WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3263    50.086977345   753  G WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3264    50.086978072   753  I WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3265    50.086979159   753  D WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3266    50.087055685     0  C WSM 310218368 + 32 [0]
  8,16   0     3267    50.087060168   753  A WSM 310218592 + 160 <- (8,20) 291340128
  8,16   0     3268    50.087060367   753  Q WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3269    50.087061242   753  G WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3270    50.087061698   753  I WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3271    50.087062361   753  D WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3272    50.087386179     0  C WSM 310218592 + 160 [0]
  8,16   0     3273    50.087436417 15368  A FWS 0 + 0 <- (253,1) 0
  8,16   0     3274    50.087437471 15368  Q FWS [LS Thread]
  8,16   0     3275    50.087440862 15368  G FWS [LS Thread]
  8,16   0     3276    50.088300047     0  C  WS 0 [0]
  8,16   0     3277    50.088470917   753  A WFSM 18882688 + 8 <- (8,20) 4224
  8,16   0     3278    50.088471091   753  Q WFSM 18882688 + 8 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3279    50.088471688   753  G WFSM 18882688 + 8 [dmcrypt_write/2]
  8,16   0     3280    50.088474334 32254  D WSM 18882688 + 8 [kworker/0:2H]
  8,16   0     3281    50.088515572     0  C WSM 18882688 + 8 [0]
  8,16   0     3282    50.089229069     0  C WSM 18882688 [0]
CPU0 (8,16):
 Reads Queued:           0,        0KiB  Writes Queued:         345,   25,932KiB
 Read Dispatches:        0,        0KiB  Write Dispatches:      331,   25,788KiB
 Reads Requeued:         0               Writes Requeued:         0
 Reads Completed:        0,        0KiB  Writes Completed:    1,597,  117,112KiB
 Read Merges:            0,        0KiB  Write Merges:            1,       16KiB
 Read depth:             0               Write depth:           177
 IO unplugs:             0               Timer unplugs:           0
CPU1 (8,16):
 Reads Queued:           0,        0KiB  Writes Queued:         502,   39,948KiB
 Read Dispatches:        0,        0KiB  Write Dispatches:      495,   40,076KiB
 Reads Requeued:         0               Writes Requeued:         0
 Reads Completed:        0,        0KiB  Writes Completed:        0,        0KiB
 Read Merges:            0,        0KiB  Write Merges:            0,        0KiB
 Read depth:             0               Write depth:           177
 IO unplugs:             0               Timer unplugs:           0
CPU2 (8,16):
 Reads Queued:           0,        0KiB  Writes Queued:         297,   26,800KiB
 Read Dispatches:        0,        0KiB  Write Dispatches:      287,   26,800KiB
 Reads Requeued:         0               Writes Requeued:         0
 Reads Completed:        0,        0KiB  Writes Completed:        0,        0KiB
 Read Merges:            0,        0KiB  Write Merges:            0,        0KiB
 Read depth:             0               Write depth:           177
 IO unplugs:             0               Timer unplugs:           0
CPU3 (8,16):
 Reads Queued:           0,        0KiB  Writes Queued:         418,   24,432KiB
 Read Dispatches:        0,        0KiB  Write Dispatches:      408,   24,448KiB
 Reads Requeued:         0               Writes Requeued:         0
 Reads Completed:        0,        0KiB  Writes Completed:        0,        0KiB
 Read Merges:            0,        0KiB  Write Merges:            2,      272KiB
 Read depth:             0               Write depth:           177
 IO unplugs:             0               Timer unplugs:           0

Total (8,16):
 Reads Queued:           0,        0KiB  Writes Queued:       1,562,  117,112KiB
 Read Dispatches:        0,        0KiB  Write Dispatches:    1,521,  117,112KiB
 Reads Requeued:         0               Writes Requeued:         0
 Reads Completed:        0,        0KiB  Writes Completed:    1,597,  117,112KiB
 Read Merges:            0,        0KiB  Write Merges:            3,      288KiB
 IO unplugs:             0               Timer unplugs:           0

Throughput (R/W): 0KiB/s / 2,338KiB/s
Events (8,16): 9,287 entries
Skips: 0 forward (0 -   0.0%)

btrace erlaabt Iech d'tatsächlech Betrag vun opgeholl Daten kloer ze gesinn, awer et ass schwéier ze verstoen wéi eng Programmer aus senger Ausgab ophuelen.

Bestëmmung Programmer déi op den Drive schreiwen

De Programm iotop wäert d'Prozesser weisen, déi op den Disk schreiwen an d'Gréisst vun den geschriwwenen Donnéeën.
Déi bequemste Ausgab gëtt vun de folgende Parameteren geliwwert:

# iotop -obPat

Prouf Programm Ausgang

02:55:47 Total DISK READ :       0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE :      30.65 K/s
02:55:47 Actual DISK READ:       0.00 B/s | Actual DISK WRITE:       0.00 B/s
    TIME  PID  PRIO  USER     DISK READ  DISK WRITE  SWAPIN      IO    COMMAND
b'02:55:47   753 be/4 root          0.00 B      0.00 B  0.00 %  0.04 % [dmcrypt_write/2]'
b'02:55:47   788 be/4 root         72.00 K     18.27 M  0.00 %  0.02 % [btrfs-transacti]'
b'02:55:47 15057 be/4 valdikss    216.00 K    283.05 M  0.00 %  0.01 % firefox'
b'02:55:47  1588 ?dif root          0.00 B      0.00 B  0.00 %  0.00 % Xorg -nolisten tcp -auth /var/run/sddm/{398f030f-9667-4dff-b371-81eaae48dfdf} -background none -noreset -displayfd 18 -seat seat0 vt1'
b'02:55:47 15692 be/4 valdikss    988.00 K      9.41 M  0.00 %  0.00 % python3 /usr/bin/gajim'
b'02:55:47 15730 ?dif valdikss      9.07 M      0.00 B  0.00 %  0.00 % telegram-desktop --'
b'02:55:47  2174 ?dif valdikss   1840.00 K      2.47 M  0.00 %  0.00 % yakuake'
b'02:55:47 19827 be/4 root         16.00 K    896.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u16:7-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47 19074 be/4 root         16.00 K    480.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u16:4-btrfs-endio-write]'
b'02:55:47 19006 be/4 root         16.00 K   1872.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u16:1-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47  1429 be/4 root        484.00 K      0.00 B  0.00 %  0.00 % accounts-daemon'
b'02:55:47 15820 be/4 valdikss    312.00 K      0.00 B  0.00 %  0.00 % firefox -contentproc -childID 6 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 7894 -prefMapSize 223880 -parentBuildID 20191022164834 -greomni /usr/lib64/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib64/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appdir /usr/lib64/firefox/browser 15057 tab'
b'02:55:47  2125 ?dif valdikss      0.00 B     92.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % plasmashell'
b'02:55:47  1268 be/3 root          0.00 B      4.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % auditd'
b'02:55:47  1414 be/4 root          0.00 B      4.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files'
b'02:55:47 15238 be/4 valdikss      0.00 B      4.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % thunderbird'
b'02:55:47 18605 be/4 root          0.00 B      3.19 M  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u16:0-btrfs-endio-write]'
b'02:55:47 18867 be/4 root          0.00 B     96.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u16:5-btrfs-endio-meta]'
b'02:55:47 19070 be/4 root          0.00 B    160.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u16:2-btrfs-freespace-write]'
b'02:55:47 19645 be/4 root          0.00 B      2.17 M  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u16:3-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47 19982 be/4 root          0.00 B    496.00 K  0.00 %  0.00 % [kworker/u16:6-btrfs-endio-write]'

Firefox fällt Äert Aen op, registréiert 283 Megabytes an e puer Minutten Iotop Lafen.

Bestëmmt d'Dateien op déi geschriwwe ginn

Informatioun iwwer de Prozess deen den Disk vergewaltegt ass gutt, awer d'Weeër, laanscht déi d'Opnahm gemaach gëtt, sinn nach besser.

Loosst eis de Programm benotzen fatrace, déi Ännerungen am Dateiesystem verfollegt.

# fatrace -f W

Prouf Programm Ausgang

firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite

Fatrace kann net d'Quantitéit vun opgeholl Daten weisen wéinst der Benotzung vun enger zimlech einfacher Tracking vun der Tatsaach datt Dateien iwwer Inotify zougänglech sinn.

Vun der Ausgab kënnt Dir gesinn wéi Habr mäin Artikel an der lokaler Späichere vum Browser späichert wärend ech et schreiwen, souwéi d'Grupp Speed Dial Extensioun, déi, wéi mir konnten entdecken mat Fatrace, seng Donnéeën all liest 30 Sekonnen. Et liest, schreift net: CW ier d'Datei seet datt d'Datei fir Liesen a Schreiwen opgemaach ass, mat der simultaner Erstellung vun der Datei wann se fehlt (genannt openat mam O_RDWR|O_CREAT Fändel), awer seet net datt iergendeng Informatioun tatsächlech an d'Datei geschriwwe gouf.

Just am Fall, fir sécher ze sinn, loosst eis Strace benotzen, mat engem Filter fir Dateiesystem Uruff:

strace -yy -e trace=open,openat,close,write -f -p 15057 2>&1 | grep extension

Kommando Ausgang

[pid 20352] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC, 0644) = 153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>
[pid 20352] read(153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, "SQLite format 3 20 22 @   d 23"..., 100) = 100
[pid 20352] read(153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, "SQLite format 3 20 22 @   d 23"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC, 0644) = 166</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal>
…
[pid 20352] read(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, " r4304364354354364-  4204!4'414" 250 &"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] read(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, " 136Pt2262504 O24532016:"16.27 r245306>2461t1q370"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] close(77</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal>) = 0
[pid 20352] close(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>) = 0

Et gëtt keen Uruff write(), wat beweist datt et keng Entrée an de Fichier ass.

Bestëmmen Dateisystem Overhead

Groussen Ënnerscheed zu Liesungen iotop и btrace huet mir d'Iddi fir den Dateiesystem ze testen andeems Dir Daten op eng Datei manuell schreift an d'Btrace Liesungen iwwerwaacht.

Wann Dir Schreiwen op Disk komplett ausschléisst andeems Dir an de systemd Noutmodus booten a manuell schreift e puer Bytes Daten op eng bestehend Datei, btrace op SSD aus btrfs Rapporten Opnahmen 3 Megabyte real daten. E frësch erstallt Dateiesystem op engem 8 GB Flash Drive schreift e Minimum vun 264 KiB beim Schreiwen vun engem Byte.
Zum Verglach, Schreiwen e puer Bytes zu enger Datei op ext4 schlussendlech 24 Kilobytes vun Daten op Disk ze schreiwen.

Am Joer 2017, Jayashree Mohan, Rohan Kadekodi a Vijay Chidambaram huet eng Etude iwwer Schreifverstäerkung vu verschiddene Dateisystemer gemaach, Hir Resultater fir btrfs an ext4 bei 4KB schreift konsequent mat menger.

Conclusioun a Conclusioun

Duerch déi beschriwwe Manipulatioune gouf entdeckt:

Heefeg Logbuch vun Dréckerjob-Staaten vum CUPS Drécker Daemon op /var/Cache/ Coupe all Minutt. De Problem gouf fixéiert andeems Dir /var/ läschtSpull/ Coupë (obwuel et keng Drécken Aarbechtsplazen goufen);
D'Tatsaach datt d'Datebank all 30 Sekonnen vun der Group Speed Dial Extensioun fir Firefox gelies gëtt;
Periodesch Logged duerch verschidde Leeschtungsverfolgungsservicer an Fedora, wat zu e puer Megabytes vun Daten op btrfs geschriwwe gëtt: pmcd.service, pmie.service, pmlogger.service;
Enorm Verstäerkung wann Dir eng kleng Quantitéit un Daten schreift mat btrfs.

Fazit: Dir sollt net btrfs benotzen wann Programmer dacks eng kleng Quantitéit un Daten schreiwen (e puer Kilobytes), soss wäert et zu Megabytes vu schrëftlechen Donnéeën resultéieren. Dëst ass virun allem wouer fir Single-Board Computeren mat OS op MicroSD.

Source: will.com

Identifikatioun Prozesser mat Disk Aktivitéit am Linux