Prometheus: ການຕິດຕາມ HTTP ຜ່ານ Blackbox exporter

ສະບາຍດີທຸກຄົນ. ໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາ OTUS ເປີດຕົວ ກອງ​ປະ​ຊຸມ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ການ​ຕິດ​ຕາມ​ກວດ​ກາ​ແລະ​ການ​ຕັດ​ໄມ້​, ທັງໂຄງສ້າງພື້ນຖານ ແລະແອັບພລິເຄຊັນທີ່ໃຊ້ Zabbix, Prometheus, Grafana ແລະ ELK. ໃນເລື່ອງນີ້, ພວກເຮົາປະເພນີແບ່ງປັນອຸປະກອນທີ່ເປັນປະໂຫຍດໃນຫົວຂໍ້.

ຜູ້ສົ່ງອອກ Blackbox ສໍາລັບ Prometheus ອະນຸຍາດໃຫ້ທ່ານປະຕິບັດການຕິດຕາມການບໍລິການພາຍນອກຜ່ານ HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, TCP, ICMP. ໃນ​ບົດ​ຄວາມ​ນີ້​, ຂ້າ​ພະ​ເຈົ້າ​ຈະ​ສະ​ແດງ​ໃຫ້​ທ່ານ​ວິ​ທີ​ການ​ຕັ້ງ​ຄ່າ​ການ​ຕິດ​ຕາມ HTTP / HTTPS ການ​ນໍາ​ໃຊ້ Blackbox exporter​. ພວກເຮົາຈະເປີດຕົວຜູ້ສົ່ງອອກ Blackbox ໃນ Kubernetes.

ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ

ພວກເຮົາຈະຕ້ອງການດັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້:

• Kubernetes
• ຜູ້ປະກອບການ Prometheus

ການ​ສົ່ງ​ອອກ​ການ​ຕັ້ງ​ຄ່າ blackbox​

ການຕັ້ງຄ່າ Blackbox ຜ່ານ ConfigMap ສໍາລັບການຕັ້ງຄ່າ http ໂມດູນການຕິດຕາມການບໍລິການເວັບ.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
data:
  blackbox.yaml: |
    modules:
      http_2xx:
        http:
          no_follow_redirects: false
          preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
          valid_http_versions:
          - HTTP/1.1
          - HTTP/2
          valid_status_codes: []
        prober: http
        timeout: 5s

ໂມດູນ http_2xx ໃຊ້ເພື່ອກວດເບິ່ງວ່າການບໍລິການເວັບສົ່ງຄືນລະຫັດສະຖານະ HTTP 2xx. ການຕັ້ງຄ່າຕົວສົ່ງອອກ blackbox ແມ່ນອະທິບາຍລາຍລະອຽດເພີ່ມເຕີມໃນ ເອກະສານ.

ນຳໃຊ້ຕົວສົ່ງອອກກ່ອງດຳໄປຫາກຸ່ມ Kubernetes

ອະທິບາຍ Deployment и Service ສໍາລັບການນໍາໃຊ້ໃນ Kubernetes.

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 9115
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Always
      containers:
        - name: blackbox-exporter
          image: "prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.15.1"
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          securityContext:
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 1000
          args:
            - "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yaml"
          resources:
            {}
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9115
              name: http
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /config
              name: config
        - name: configmap-reload
          image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.2.2"
          imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
          securityContext:
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 65534
          args:
            - --volume-dir=/etc/config
            - --webhook-url=http://localhost:9115/-/reload
          resources:
            {}
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /etc/config
              name: config
              readOnly: true
      volumes:
        - name: config
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter

ຕົວສົ່ງອອກ Blackbox ສາມາດຖືກນຳໃຊ້ໂດຍໃຊ້ຄຳສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້. Namespace monitoring ຫມາຍເຖິງ Prometheus Operator.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f blackbox-exporter.yaml

ໃຫ້ແນ່ໃຈວ່າການບໍລິການທັງຫມົດກໍາລັງແລ່ນໂດຍໃຊ້ຄໍາສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້:

kubectl --namespace=monitoring get all --selector=app=prometheus-blackbox-exporter

ກວດ Blackbox

ທ່ານ​ສາ​ມາດ​ເຂົ້າ​ເຖິງ​ການ​ໂຕ້​ຕອບ​ເວັບ​ໄຊ​ຕ​໌​ສົ່ງ​ອອກ Blackbox ການ​ນໍາ​ໃຊ້​ port-forward:

kubectl --namespace=monitoring port-forward svc/prometheus-blackbox-exporter 9115:9115

ເຊື່ອມ​ຕໍ່​ກັບ​ການ​ໂຕ້​ຕອບ​ເວັບ​ໄຊ​ຕ​໌​ສົ່ງ​ອອກ Blackbox ໂດຍ​ຜ່ານ​ຕົວ​ທ່ອງ​ເວັບ​ຂອງ​ເວັບ​ໄຊ​ຕ​໌​ທີ່​ localhost: 9115

ຖ້າເຈົ້າໄປຫາທີ່ຢູ່ http://localhost:9115/probe?module=http_2xx&target=https://www.google.com, ທ່ານຈະເຫັນຜົນຂອງການກວດສອບ URL ທີ່ລະບຸໄວ້ (https://www.google.com).

ຄ່າເມຕຣິກ probe_success ເທົ່າກັບ 1 ຫມາຍເຖິງການກວດສອບສໍາເລັດ. ຄ່າຂອງ 0 ສະແດງເຖິງຄວາມຜິດພາດ.

ການຕັ້ງຄ່າ Prometheus

ຫຼັງຈາກນຳໃຊ້ຕົວສົ່ງອອກ BlackBox, ພວກເຮົາກຳນົດຄ່າ Prometheus ໃນ prometheus-additional.yaml.

- job_name: 'kube-api-blackbox'
  scrape_interval: 1w
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_2xx]
  static_configs:
   - targets:
      - https://www.google.com
      - http://www.example.com
      - https://prometheus.io
  relabel_configs:
   - source_labels: [__address__]
     target_label: __param_target
   - source_labels: [__param_target]
     target_label: instance
   - target_label: __address__
     replacement: prometheus-blackbox-exporter:9115 # The blackbox exporter.

ພວກເຮົາສ້າງ Secretການນໍາໃຊ້ຄໍາສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້.

PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG=$(cat prometheus-additional.yaml | base64)
cat << EOF | kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: additional-scrape-configs
type: Opaque
data:
  prometheus-additional.yaml: $PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG
EOF

ລະບຸວ່າ additional-scrape-configs ສໍາລັບ Prometheus Operator ໃຊ້ additionalScrapeConfigs.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheuses k8s
...
spec:
  additionalScrapeConfigs:
    key: prometheus-additional.yaml
    name: additional-scrape-configs

ພວກເຮົາໄປທີ່ອິນເຕີເຟດເວັບ Prometheus ແລະກວດເບິ່ງ metrics ແລະເປົ້າຫມາຍ.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring port-forward svc/prometheus-k8s 9090:9090

ພວກເຮົາເບິ່ງຕົວຊີ້ບອກແລະເປົ້າຫມາຍຂອງ Blackbox.

ເພີ່ມ​ລະ​ບຽບ​ການ​ສໍາ​ລັບ​ການ​ແຈ້ງ​ການ (ເຕືອນ​)

ເພື່ອຮັບການແຈ້ງເຕືອນຈາກຜູ້ສົ່ງອອກ Blackbox, ພວກເຮົາຈະເພີ່ມກົດລະບຽບໃຫ້ກັບ Prometheus Operator.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheusrules prometheus-k8s-rules
...
  - name: blackbox-exporter
    rules:
    - alert: ProbeFailed
      expr: probe_success == 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "Probe failed (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Probe failedn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SlowProbe
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Slow probe (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Blackbox probe took more than 1s to completen  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: HttpStatusCode
      expr: probe_http_status_code <= 199 OR probe_http_status_code >= 400
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "HTTP Status Code (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "HTTP status code is not 200-399n  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SslCertificateWillExpireSoon
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() < 86400 * 30
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "SSL certificate will expire soon (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "SSL certificate expires in 30 daysn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SslCertificateHasExpired
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time()  <= 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "SSL certificate has expired (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "SSL certificate has expired alreadyn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: HttpSlowRequests
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_http_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "HTTP slow requests (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "HTTP request took more than 1sn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SlowPing
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_icmp_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Slow ping (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Blackbox ping took more than 1sn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"

ໃນອິນເຕີເຟດເວັບ Prometheus, ໃຫ້ໄປທີ່ສະຖານະ => ກົດລະບຽບ ແລະຊອກຫາກົດລະບຽບການເຕືອນສໍາລັບ blackbox-exporter.

ການຕັ້ງຄ່າ Kubernetes API Server SSL ການແຈ້ງເຕືອນການຫມົດອາຍຸຂອງໃບຢັ້ງຢືນ

ມາຕັ້ງຄ່າການກວດສອບການໝົດອາຍຸຂອງໃບຮັບຮອງ Kubernetes API Server SSL. ມັນຈະສົ່ງການແຈ້ງເຕືອນຫນຶ່ງຄັ້ງຕໍ່ອາທິດ.

ການເພີ່ມໂມດູນຕົວສົ່ງອອກ Blackbox ສໍາລັບການພິສູດຢືນຢັນເຊີບເວີ Kubernetes API.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit configmap prometheus-blackbox-exporter
...
      kube-api:
        http:
          method: GET
          no_follow_redirects: false
          preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: false
            ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
          bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
          valid_http_versions:
          - HTTP/1.1
          - HTTP/2
          valid_status_codes: []
        prober: http
        timeout: 5s

ເພີ່ມການຕັ້ງຄ່າການຂູດ Prometheus

- job_name: 'kube-api-blackbox'
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [kube-api]
  static_configs:
   - targets:
      - https://kubernetes.default.svc/api
  relabel_configs:
   - source_labels: [__address__]
     target_label: __param_target
   - source_labels: [__param_target]
     target_label: instance
   - target_label: __address__
     replacement: prometheus-blackbox-exporter:9115 # The blackbox exporter.

ໃຊ້ Prometheus Secret

PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG=$(cat prometheus-additional.yaml | base64)
cat << EOF | kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: additional-scrape-configs
type: Opaque
data:
  prometheus-additional.yaml: $PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG
EOF

ເພີ່ມກົດລະບຽບການແຈ້ງເຕືອນ

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheusrules prometheus-k8s-rules
...
  - name: k8s-api-server-cert-expiry
    rules:
    - alert: K8sAPIServerSSLCertExpiringAfterThreeMonths
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry{job="kube-api-blackbox"} - time() < 86400 * 90 
      for: 1w
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Kubernetes API Server SSL certificate will expire after three months (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Kubernetes API Server SSL certificate expires in 90 daysn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"

ການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ທີ່ເປັນປະໂຫຍດ

• github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter
• awesome-prometheus-alerts.grep.to/rules#blackbox

ການຕິດຕາມແລະເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບ Docker

ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ: www.habr.com