{"id":100042,"date":"2021-04-27T22:22:41","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T20:22:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-linux-distributiva-fedora-34"},"modified":"2021-04-27T22:22:41","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T20:22:42","slug":"reliz-linux-distributiva-fedora-34","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-linux-distributiva-fedora-34","title":{"rendered":"Linux izplat\u012bjuma Fedora 34 izn\u0101k\u0161ana.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tika prezent\u0113ta Linux distrib\u016bcijas Fedora 34 versija. Ir sagatavoti produkti Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, CoreOS, Fedora IoT Edition, k\u0101 ar\u012b komplekts 'spins' ar Live versij\u0101m darbvirsmas vid\u0113m KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, i3, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE un LXQt. Izstr\u0101des ir izveidotas arhitekt\u016br\u0101m x86_64, Power64, ARM64 (AArch64) un da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m ier\u012bc\u0113m ar 32 bitu ARM procesoriem. Fedora Silverblue izlaidums tiek atlikts.    <\/p>\n<p>Visredzam\u0101kie uzlabojumi Fedora 34:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Visi ska\u0146as pl\u016bsmu p\u0101rveidoti uz multimediju <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/\"   title=\"servera\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">servera<\/a> PipeWire, kas tagad tiek izmantots p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma viet\u0101 PulseAudio un JACK. PipeWire lieto\u0161ana \u013cauj parastaj\u0101 darbvirsmas izdevum\u0101 sniegt profesion\u0101las ska\u0146as apstr\u0101des iesp\u0113jas, nov\u0113rst fragment\u0101ciju un vienot ska\u0146as infrastrukt\u016bru da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m lietojumprogramm\u0101m.\n<p>Iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s versij\u0101s ska\u0146as apstr\u0101dei Fedora Workstation tika izmantots fona process PulseAudio, un lietojumprogrammas izmantoja klienta bibliot\u0113ku, lai mijiedarbotos ar \u0161o procesu, miks\u0113tu un p\u0101rvald\u012btu ska\u0146as pl\u016bsmas. Profesion\u0101lai ska\u0146as apstr\u0101dei tika izmantots ska\u0146as serveris JACK un ar to saist\u012bt\u0101 klienta bibliot\u0113ka. Sader\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai viet\u0101 bibliot\u0113k\u0101m, kas mijiedarboj\u0101s ar PulseAudio un JACK, ir pievienota caur PipeWire str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161a starp\u012bba, kas \u013cauj saglab\u0101t visu eso\u0161o klientu PulseAudio un JACK, k\u0101 ar\u012b lietojumprogrammu, kas pieg\u0101d\u0101tas Flatpak form\u0101t\u0101, darb\u012bbu. Vec\u0101kiem klientiem, kas izmanto zema l\u012bme\u0146a API ALSA, ir uzst\u0101d\u012bts ALSA spraudnis, kas novirza ska\u0146as pl\u016bsmas tie\u0161i uz PipeWire.   <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Salikumi ar KDE darbvirsmu p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir p\u0101rg\u0101ju\u0161i uz Wayland izmanto\u0161anu. Sesija, kas balst\u012bta uz X11, ir p\u0101rvietota uz opciju. Tiek nor\u0101d\u012bts, ka Fedora 34 izdevums KDE Plasma 5.20 ir gandr\u012bz pan\u0101cis funkcion\u0101lo parit\u0101ti ar darb\u012bbu virs X11 re\u017e\u012bma, ieskaitot probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anu ekr\u0101nuz\u0146\u0113mumu vad\u012b\u0161an\u0101 un vidus pogas \u0101trai ievieto\u0161anai. Lai str\u0101d\u0101tu ar \u012bpa\u0161iem NVIDIA draiveriem, ir iesaist\u012bts pakotne kwin-wayland-nvidia. Sader\u012bba ar X11 lietojumprogramm\u0101m ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta, izmantojot komponentu XWayland.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzlabota atbalsta sist\u0113mai Wayland. Pievienota iesp\u0113ja izmantot komponentu XWayland sist\u0113m\u0101s ar sl\u0113gt\u0101 tipa NVIDIA draiveriem. Vid\u0113s, kas balst\u012btas uz Wayland, ieviesta atbalsta darb\u012bba bez monitoriem (headless), kas \u013cauj palaist darbvirsmas komponentus att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101s serveru sist\u0113m\u0101s, organiz\u0113jot piek\u013cuvi, izmantojot VNC vai RDP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Fedora Workstation darbvirsma atjaunota l\u012bdz GNOME 40 versijai un GTK 4 bibliot\u0113kai. GNOME 40 virtu\u0101lie darba virsmas skat\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 (Activities Overview) p\u0101rveidoti horizont\u0101li un tiek r\u0101d\u012bti k\u0101 nep\u0101rtraukt\u0101 ritin\u0101m\u0101 \u0137\u0113d\u0113 no kreis\u0101s uz labo. Katrai darba virsmai, kas tiek r\u0101d\u012bta skat\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, ir redzami eso\u0161ie logi, kuriem tiek piem\u0113rota dinamiska panoram\u0113\u0161ana un m\u0113rogo\u0161ana, mijiedarbojoties ar lietot\u0101ju. Nodro\u0161in\u0101ta bez\u0161uvju p\u0101reja starp programmu sarakstu un virtu\u0101lajiem darba virsm\u0101m. Uzlabota darba organiz\u0101cija, str\u0101d\u0101jot ar vair\u0101kiem monitoriem. Moderniz\u0113ta daudzu programmu saskarne. GNOME Shell nodro\u0161ina GPU izmanto\u0161anu \u0113nu render\u0113\u0161anai.  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux izplat\u012bjuma Fedora 34 izn\u0101k\u0161ana.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/4686ba80a6de0a8680e341b7781690b1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> Visas Fedora izdevumu versijas ir p\u0101rg\u0101ju\u0161as uz systemd-oomd meh\u0101nismu, lai \u0101tri rea\u0123\u0113tu uz atmi\u0146as tr\u016bkumu sist\u0113m\u0101, aizst\u0101jot iepriek\u0161 izmantoto earlyoom procesu. Systemd-oomd balst\u0101s uz kodola PSI (Pressure Stall Information) apak\u0161sist\u0113mu, kas \u013cauj lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101 analiz\u0113t inform\u0101ciju par gaid\u012b\u0161anas laiku da\u017e\u0101du resursu (CPU, atmi\u0146as, ievades\/izvades) ieg\u016b\u0161anai, lai prec\u012bzi nov\u0113rt\u0113tu sist\u0113mas slodzes l\u012bmeni un pal\u0113nin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s raksturu. PSI \u013cauj identific\u0113t kav\u0113\u0161an\u0101s s\u0101kumu resursu tr\u016bkuma d\u0113\u013c un izv\u0113l\u0113ties, kuri resursu pras\u012bg\u0101kie procesi tiek p\u0101rtraukti br\u012bd\u012b, kad sist\u0113ma v\u0113l nav kritisk\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b un nes\u0101k intens\u012bvi samazin\u0101t ke\u0161atmi\u0146u un izsist datus apmai\u0146as fail\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\">  Failu sist\u0113m\u0101 Btrfs, kas kop\u0161 iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 izlaiduma tiek izmantota p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma Fedora darbvirsmu variantos (Fedora Workstation, Fedora KDE utt.), ir iek\u013cauta caursp\u012bd\u012bga datu saspie\u0161ana, izmantojot ZSTD algoritmu. Saspie\u0161ana p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma tiek piem\u0113rota jaun\u0101m Fedora 34 instal\u0101cij\u0101m. Lietot\u0101ji, kam jau ir uzst\u0101d\u012btas sist\u0113mas, var aktiviz\u0113t saspie\u0161anu, pievienojot \/etc\/fstab z\u012bmi 'compress=zstd:1' un izpildot 'sudo btrfs filesystem defrag -czstd -rv \/ \/home\/' jau eso\u0161o datu saspie\u0161anai. Saspie\u0161anas efektivit\u0101tes nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai var izmantot util\u012btu 'compsize'. Tiek nor\u0101d\u012bts, ka datu glab\u0101\u0161ana saspiest\u0101 form\u0101 \u013cauj ne tikai ietaup\u012bt diska vietu, bet ar\u012b pagarina SSD disku darb\u012bbas laiku, samazinot rakst\u012b\u0161anas oper\u0101ciju apjomu, k\u0101 ar\u012b pa\u0101trina lielu, labi saspie\u017eamu failu las\u012b\u0161anas un rakst\u012b\u0161anas \u0101trumu l\u0113nos glab\u0101jos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ofici\u0101lo Fedora izdevumu kl\u0101st\u0101 ir iek\u013cauts variants ar logu mened\u017eeri i3, kas pied\u0101v\u0101 moza\u012bku logu izvietojuma re\u017e\u012bmu galddator\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u0101kusies KDE galddatora att\u0113lu veido\u0161ana sist\u0113m\u0101m, kas balst\u012btas uz AArch64 arhitekt\u016bras, papildus GNOME un Xfce galddatoru versij\u0101m un serveru sist\u0113mu att\u0113liem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jaunaj\u0101 Comp Neuro Container att\u0113l\u0101 ir iek\u013cauta lietojumprogrammu izlase model\u0113\u0161anai un simul\u0101cijai, kas ir noder\u012bga neirobiolo\u0123ijas p\u0113t\u012bjumos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ievad\u012btaj\u0101 variant\u0101 interneta liet\u0101m (Fedora IoT), kas pied\u0101v\u0101 minim\u0101lu sist\u0113mas vidi ar atom\u0101ru atjaunin\u0101\u0161anu, aizst\u0101jot visu sist\u0113mas att\u0113lu, un lietojumprogrammas ir atdal\u012btas no galven\u0101s sist\u0113mas, izmantojot izol\u0113tas konteinerus (p\u0101rvald\u012bbai tiek izmantots podman), pievienota atbalsts ARM platform\u0101m Pine64, RockPro64 un Jetson Xavier NX, k\u0101 ar\u012b uzlabota SoC i.MX8 platformu atbalsts, piem\u0113ram, 96boards Thor96 un Solid Run HummingBoard-M. Nodro\u0161in\u0101ta aparat\u016bras defektu izseko\u0161anas meh\u0101nismu (watchdog) izmanto\u0161ana autom\u0101tiskai sist\u0113mas atjauno\u0161anai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atsevi\u0161\u0137o pakot\u0146u ar Node.js projektos izmantotaj\u0101m bibliot\u0113m izveide ir p\u0101rtraukta. T\u0101 viet\u0101 Node.js tagad nodro\u0161ina tikai pamata pakot\u0146u pieg\u0101di, kas ietver interpretatoru, galvenes failus, galven\u0101s bibliot\u0113kas, bin\u0101ros moduli un galvenos r\u012bkus pakot\u0146u p\u0101rvald\u012bbai (NPM, yarn). Fedora kr\u0101tuv\u0113 iek\u013cautaj\u0101s lietojumprogramm\u0101s, kur\u0101s tiek izmantots Node.js, ir at\u013cauts iek\u013caut visas atkar\u012bbas vien\u0101 pakotn\u0113, nevis sadal\u012bt un izdal\u012bt izmantot\u0101s bibliot\u0113kas atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101s pakotn\u0113s. Bibliot\u0113ku iek\u013cau\u0161ana samazin\u0101s mazo pakot\u0146u skaitu, vienk\u0101r\u0161os pakot\u0146u uztur\u0113\u0161anu (iepriek\u0161 uztur\u0113t\u0101jam bija j\u0101t\u0113r\u0113 vair\u0101k laika simtu pakot\u0146u ar bibliot\u0113m p\u0101rskata un test\u0113\u0161anai, nek\u0101 galvenajai programmas pakotnei), nov\u0113rs\u012bs infrastrukt\u016bras bibliot\u0113ku konfliktus un atrisin\u0101s probl\u0113mas ar versiju piesaisti (uztur\u0113t\u0101ji iek\u013caus pakotn\u0113 p\u0101rbaud\u012btas un test\u0113tas versijas).\n<li class=\"l\"> FreeType fontu dzin\u0113js ir p\u0101rg\u0101jis uz HarfBuzz simbolu izk\u0101rtojuma dzin\u0113ja izmanto\u0161anu. HarfBuzz izmanto\u0161ana FreeType \u013c\u0101va uzlabot h\u012bntinga (simbola kont\u016bras izl\u012bdzin\u0101\u0161ana rasteriz\u0101cijas proces\u0101, lai uzlabotu asumu uz ekr\u0101niem ar zemu iz\u0161\u0137irtsp\u0113ju) kvalit\u0101ti, att\u0113lojot tekstu valod\u0101s ar sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu teksta izk\u0101rtojumu, kur simboli var veidoties no vair\u0101kiem karakteriem. Jo \u012bpa\u0161i HarfBuzz izmanto\u0161ana nov\u0113r\u0161 probl\u0113mas ar h\u012bntinga ligat\u016bru ignor\u0113\u0161anu, kur\u0101m nav atsevi\u0161\u0137u Unicode simbolu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir iz\u0146emta iesp\u0113ja atsl\u0113gt SELinux darb\u012bbas laik\u0101 \u2014 atsl\u0113g\u0161ana, mainot iestat\u012bjumus \/etc\/selinux\/config (SELINUX=disabled), tagad netiek atbalst\u012bta. P\u0113c SELinux inicializ\u0101cijas LSM apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji tagad tiek p\u0101rsl\u0113gti uz tikai las\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bmu, kas palielina aizsardz\u012bbu pret uzbrukumiem, kuru m\u0113r\u0137is ir deaktiviz\u0113t SELinux p\u0113c ievainojam\u012bbu izmanto\u0161anas, kas \u013cauj main\u012bt kodola atmi\u0146as saturu. Lai atsl\u0113gtu SELinux, varat restart\u0113t sist\u0113mu, nododot parametru 'selinux=0' kodola komand\u0101. Iesp\u0113ja p\u0101rsl\u0113gt re\u017e\u012bmus 'enforcing' un 'permissive' iel\u0101des laik\u0101 ir saglab\u0101ta.\n<li class=\"l\"> DDX komponents Xwayland, kas nodro\u0161ina X.Org Server palai\u0161anu X11 lietojumprogrammu izpildei Wayland b\u0101z\u0113t\u0101s vid\u0113s, ir p\u0101rvietots uz atsevi\u0161\u0137u pakotni, kas tiek veidota no jaunas kodu b\u0101zes, kura nav atkar\u012bga no stabilajiem izlaidumiem. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"serveris\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3708\">serveris<\/a> X.Org.\n<li class=\"l\"> Visu atjaunin\u0101to systemd pakalpojumu restart\u0113\u0161ana ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta t\u016bl\u012bt p\u0113c pakot\u0146u p\u0101rvaldnieka RPM dar\u012bjuma pabeig\u0161anas. Ja agr\u0101k pakalpojums tika restart\u0113ts t\u016bl\u012bt p\u0113c katra atjaunin\u0101t\u0101 pakot\u0146u p\u0101rkl\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, tagad tiek veidota rinda un pakalpojumi tiek restart\u0113ti pa\u0161a RPM sesijas beig\u0101s, kad visi pakotnes un bibliot\u0113kas ir atjaunin\u0101tas.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv7 (armhfp) platformas att\u0113li p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir p\u0101rv\u0113rsti uz UEFI izmanto\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Virtu\u0101l\u0101 swap ier\u012bces izm\u0113rs, ko nodro\u0161ina zRAM meh\u0101nisms, ir palielin\u0101ts no ceturt\u0101s da\u013cas uz pusi no fizisk\u0101s atmi\u0146as, k\u0101 ar\u012b tas ir ierobe\u017eots l\u012bdz 8 GB. Izmai\u0146as \u013cauj veiksm\u012bgi palaist Anaconda instal\u0113t\u0101ju sist\u0113m\u0101s ar nelielu RAM apjomu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta pieg\u0101de stabilaj\u0101 zar\u0101 crate pakotn\u0113m Rust valodai. Pakotnes tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101tas ar prefiksu 'rust-'.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lai samazin\u0101tu instal\u0101cijas ISO att\u0113lu izm\u0113ru, tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta t\u012bra SquashFS pieg\u0101de, bez iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 EXT4 sl\u0101\u0146a, kas tika izmantots v\u0113sturiski.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika veikta GRUB bootloader konfigur\u0101cijas failu vienot\u012bba vis\u0101m atbalst\u012btaj\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m, neatkar\u012bgi no EFI atbalsta.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lai samazin\u0101tu diskdzi\u0146a telpas pat\u0113ri\u0146u, ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta Linux kodol\u0101 izmantoto firmware failu saspie\u0161ana (s\u0101kot no kodola 5.3 atbalsta tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta firmware iel\u0101de no xz arh\u012bviem). Nep\u0101rveidot\u0101 veid\u0101 visas firmware aiz\u0146em apm\u0113ram 900 MB, bet pie saspiestas izm\u0113ra tas ir izdevies samazin\u0101t uz pusi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ntp pakotne (prec\u012bza laika sinhroniz\u0101cijas serveris) ir aizst\u0101ta ar ntpsec forku.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir atz\u012bm\u0113ti k\u0101 novecoju\u0161i pakotnes xemacs, xemacs-packages-base, xemacs-packages-extra un neXtaw, kuru izstr\u0101de ir sen p\u0101rtraukta. Tika atz\u012bm\u0113ta k\u0101 novecojusi pakotne nscd \u2014 hostu datu ke\u0161o\u0161anai tagad tiek izmantots systemd-resolved, bet pakalpojumu ke\u0161o\u0161anai var izmantot sssd.\n<li class=\"l\"> X11 util\u012btu kolekciju xorg-x11-* pieg\u0101de ir p\u0101rtraukta, katra util\u012bta tagad tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ta atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 pakotn\u0113.\n<li class=\"l\">   Izmanto\u0161ana v\u0101rda master git repozitorij\u0101s ir p\u0101rtraukta, jo \u0161is v\u0101rds tiek uzskat\u012bts par politiski nekorektu. K\u0101 noklus\u0113juma zara nosaukums git repozitorij\u0101s tagad tiek izmantots nosaukums &#171;main&#187;, bet repozitorijos ar paket\u0113m, piem\u0113ram, src.fedoraproject.org\/rpms, tiek izmantots zars &#171;rawhide&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunin\u0101tas pakot\u0146u versijas, tostarp: GCC 11, LLVM\/Clang 12, Glibc 2.33, Binutils 2.35, Golang 1.16, Ruby 3.0, Ruby on Rails 6.1, BIND 9.16, MariaDB 10.5, PostgreSQL 13. Atjaunoti darba galdi LXQt 0.16.0 un Xfce 4.16.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ts ar jauno logotipu.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux izplat\u012bjuma Fedora 34 izn\u0101k\u0161ana.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/378c31b5c0a57ab1607deb4952d79312.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>        <\/ul>\n<p>Vienlaikus ar Fedora 34 ir ieviesti &#171;free&#187; un &#171;nonfree&#187; RPM Fusion projekta repozitoriji, kuros pieejamas pakotnes ar papildu multimediju programm\u0101m (MPlayer, VLC, Xine), video\/audiod\u012bzejiem, DVD atbalstu, AMD un NVIDIA patent\u0113tajiem draiveriem, sp\u0113\u013cu programm\u0101m, emulatoriem.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55030\">opennet.lv<\/a> 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\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, Power64, ARM64 (AArch64) \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0441 32-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 ARM. \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a Fedora Silverblue \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 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