{"id":101123,"date":"2021-08-30T10:22:49","date_gmt":"2021-08-30T08:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-14"},"modified":"2021-08-30T10:22:49","modified_gmt":"2021-08-30T08:22:49","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-14","title":{"rendered":"Linux 5.14 kodolaida","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0113c divu m\u0113ne\u0161u att\u012bst\u012bbas Linuss Torvalds ir pazi\u0146ojis par Linux 5.14 kodolaida izn\u0101k\u0161anu. Starp visredzam\u0101kaj\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m ir jauni sist\u0113mas izsaukumi quotactl_fd() un memfd_secret(), ide un raw draiveru iz\u0146em\u0161ana, jauns ievades\/izvades priorit\u0101tes kontrolieris cgroup, uzdevumu pl\u0101no\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bms SCHED_CORE un infrastrukt\u016bra, lai izveidotu verifik\u0113tu BPF programmu iel\u0101d\u0113t\u0101jus.      <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15883 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2002 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432,  \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 69 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 12580 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 861501 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 321654 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a). \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 47% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 5.14  \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 14% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442  \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 13%  \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 3% &#8212; \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 3% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438  \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.           <\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101s jaunin\u0101jumi:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Disku apak\u0161sist\u0113ma, I\/O un failu sist\u0113mas<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f cgroup \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#8212; rq-qos, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 cgroup. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430  mq-deadline.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ext4 failu sist\u0113m\u0101 ieviesta jauna ioctl komanda EXT4_IOC_CHECKPOINT, kas piespiedu k\u0101rt\u0101 atsak\u0146o disk\u0101 visas gaido\u0161\u0101s transakcijas no \u017eurn\u0101la un saist\u012btajiem buferiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b p\u0101rwrite \u017eurn\u0101la izmantoto teritoriju kr\u0101tuv\u0113. Izmai\u0146as ir sagatavotas, lai nov\u0113rstu datu nopl\u016bdi no failu sist\u0113m\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Btrfs ir veikti veiktsp\u0113jas optimiz\u0113jumi: izsl\u0113dzot lieko \u017eurn\u0101lu attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz papla\u0161in\u0101tajiem atrib\u016btiem, veicot fsync, ir palielin\u0101jusi intens\u012bvu oper\u0101ciju veiktsp\u0113ju ar papla\u0161in\u0101tajiem atrib\u016btiem l\u012bdz 17%. Turkl\u0101t, veicot oper\u0101cijas ar apgrie\u0161anu, kas neietekm\u0113 ekstensijas, ir izsl\u0113gta pilna sinhroniz\u0101cija, kas samazin\u0101ja oper\u0101cijas izpildes laiku par 12%. Sysfs ir pievienota konfigur\u0101cija, lai ierobe\u017eotu ievades\/izvades caurlaid\u012bbu failu sist\u0113mas p\u0101rbaudes laik\u0101. Pievienoti ioctl izsaukumi, lai atceltu izm\u0113ra mai\u0146as oper\u0101cijas un ier\u012bces dz\u0113\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> XFS ir p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101ta buferu ke\u0161atmi\u0146as \u012bsteno\u0161ana, kas p\u0101rvietota uz lapu atmi\u0146as pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anu partij\u0101s. Ir uzlabota ke\u0161atmi\u0146as efektivit\u0101te.\n<li class=\"l\"> F2FS ir pievienota opcija, kas darbojas tikai las\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, un ieviests kompres\u0113to bloku ke\u0161atmi\u0146as re\u017e\u012bms (compress_cache), lai uzlabotu nejau\u0161u las\u012b\u0161anas veiktsp\u0113ju. Ieviesta atbalsts failu kompresijai, kas att\u0113lota atmi\u0146\u0101, izmantojot mmap() oper\u0101ciju. Lai izv\u0113les veid\u0101 atsl\u0113gtu failu kompresiju p\u0113c maskas, pied\u0101v\u0101ta jauna mont\u0113\u0161anas opcija nocompress.\n<li class=\"l\"> exFAT draiver\u012b ir veikti uzlabojumi, lai palielin\u0101tu sader\u012bbu ar da\u017e\u0101du digit\u0101lo kameru kr\u0101tuvi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota sist\u0113mas izsaukuma funkcija quotactl_fd(), kas \u013cauj p\u0101rvald\u012bt kvotas nevis caur \u012bpa\u0161u ier\u012b\u010du failu, bet nor\u0101dot faila descriptoru, kas saist\u012bts ar failu sist\u0113mu, kurai piem\u0113rojama kvota.\n<li class=\"l\"> No kodola ir iz\u0146emtas vec\u0101s draiveri blo\u0137\u0113jo\u0161iem ier\u012bc\u0113m ar IDE interfeisu, kuras jau sen nomain\u012bju\u0161as libata apak\u0161sist\u0113ma.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0418\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 &#171;raw&#187;, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \/dev\/raw. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 O_DIRECT.                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Atmi\u0146a un sist\u0113mas pakalpojumi<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzdevumu pl\u0101not\u0101j\u0101 ir ieviests jauns SCHED_CORE pl\u0101no\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bms, kas \u013cauj p\u0101rvald\u012bt, kuri procesi var kop\u012bgi darboties uz viena CPU kodola. Katram procesam var pie\u0161\u0137irt cookie identifikatoru, kas nosaka uztic\u012bbas jomu starp procesiem (piem\u0113ram, pieder\u012bbu vienam lietot\u0101jam vai konteineram). Organiz\u0113jot koda izpildi, pl\u0101not\u0101js var nodro\u0161in\u0101t vienas CPU koda koplieto\u0161anu tikai procesiem, kas saist\u012bti ar vienu \u012bpa\u0161nieku, kas var tikt izmantots, lai blo\u0137\u0113tu da\u017eus uzbrukumus no Spectre klases, nov\u0113r\u0161ot uzticamu un neuzticamu uzdevumu izpildi vien\u0101 SMT (Hyper Threading) pl\u016bsm\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f cgroup \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 kill, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b (\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c SIGKILL), \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c &#171;1&#187; \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b  cgroup.kill.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a (&#171;split lock&#187;), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430 CPU. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 &#171;split_lock_detect=ratelimit:N&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442  \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 20 \u043c\u0441.\n<li class=\"l\"> Cgroup kontroller\u012b CFS (CFS bandwidth controller), kas nosaka, cik daudz procesoru laika var pie\u0161\u0137irt katrai cgroup, ieviesta iesp\u0113ja noteikt limitus, kas ierobe\u017eoti ar noteiktu darb\u012bbas laiku, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di lab\u0101k regul\u0113jot slodzes, kuras ir jut\u012bgas pret aizkav\u0113\u0161anos. Piem\u0113ram, iestata cpu.cfs_quota_us uz 50000 un cpu.cfs_period_us uz 100000 \u013caus procesu grupai katras 100 ms t\u0113r\u0113t 50 ms CPU laika.\n<li class=\"l\">  Pievienota s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 infrastrukt\u016bra BPF programmu iel\u0101d\u0113t\u0101jiem, kas turpm\u0101k \u013caus iel\u0101d\u0113t tikai BPF programmas, kas parakst\u012btas ar uzticamu digit\u0101lo atsl\u0113gu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota jauna futex oper\u0101cija FUTEX_LOCK_PI2, kas izmanto monotono taimeri laika izsl\u0113g\u0161anai, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 laiku, ko sist\u0113ma pavad\u012bjusi miega re\u017e\u012bm\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> RISC-V arhitekt\u016brai ieviesta atbalsts liel\u0101m atmi\u0146as lap\u0101m (Transparent Huge-Pages) un iesp\u0113ja piem\u0113rot KFENCE meh\u0101nismu, lai identific\u0113tu atmi\u0146as k\u013c\u016bdas.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 madvise(), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438  MADV_POPULATE_READ \u0438 MADV_POPULATE_WRITE \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#171;page fault&#187; \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 (prefault). \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 &#171;page fault&#187; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446, \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vien\u012bbu test\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113m\u0101 kunit ir pievienota atbalsts testu palai\u0161anai QEMU vid\u0113.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438: &#171;osnoise&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438 &#171;timerlat&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430.              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u0101cija un dro\u0161\u012bba<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots sist\u0113mas izsaukums memfd_secret(), kas \u013cauj izveidot priv\u0101tu atmi\u0146as jomu izol\u0113t\u0101 adreses telp\u0101, kas ir redzama tikai \u012bpa\u0161nieka procesam, nav atspogu\u013cota citos procesos un nav tie\u0161i pieejama kodolam.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sist\u0113mas izsaukumu filtr\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113m\u0101 seccomp, kad blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji tiek iznesti lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101, ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta iesp\u0113ja izmantot vienu atom\u0101ro oper\u0101ciju, lai izveidotu failu descriptoru izol\u0113tai uzdevumu izpildei un to atgrieztu sist\u0113mas izsaukuma apstr\u0101d\u0113. Ieteikt\u0101 oper\u0101cija atrisina probl\u0113mu ar apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ja p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101, sa\u0146emot sign\u0101lu.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c  \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 rlimit \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0432 &#171;user namespace&#187;. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hiper-vizor\u0101 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4400\">KVM<\/a> ARM64 sist\u0113m\u0101m ir pievienota iesp\u0113ja izmantot viesu sist\u0113m\u0101s MTE (MemTag, Memory Tagging Extension) papla\u0161in\u0101jumu, kas \u013cauj pievienot eti\u0137etes katrai atmi\u0146as izvieto\u0161anas oper\u0101cijai un veikt r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju izmanto\u0161anas pareiz\u012bbas p\u0101rbaudi, lai nov\u0113rstu ievainojam\u012bbu izmanto\u0161anu, kas saist\u012btas ar piek\u013cuvi jau atbr\u012bvot\u0101m atmi\u0146as blokiem, bufera p\u0101rsniegumu, piek\u013cuvi pirms inicializ\u0101cijas un izmanto\u0161anu \u0101rpus pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 konteksta.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARM64 platform support for Pointer Authentication can now be individually configured for the kernel and user space. This technology allows the use of specialized ARM64 instructions to verify return addresses using digital signatures stored in the unused upper bits of the pointer itself.\n<li class=\"l\"> User-mode Linux now supports drivers for PCI devices with a virtual PCI bus implemented by the PCI-over-virtio driver.\n<li class=\"l\"> For x86 systems, support for the paravirtualized virtio-iommu device has been added, enabling IOMMU requests such as ATTACH, DETACH, MAP, and UNMAP to be sent over virtio transport without emulating memory page tables.\n<li class=\"l\"> For Intel CPUs, from the Skylake family to Coffee Lake, the use of Intel TSX (Transactional Synchronization Extensions) is disabled by default. This feature provides methods to improve the performance of multithreaded applications by dynamically excluding unnecessary synchronization operations. The extensions are disabled due to the risk of Zombieload attacks, which manipulate information leakage through side channels during the asynchronous interrupt operation mechanism (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort).           <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>T\u012bkla subsist\u0113ma<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Integration into the MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) kernel continues, an extension of the TCP protocol to enable TCP connections to deliver packets simultaneously over multiple routes through different network interfaces bound to different <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adres\u0113m\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4456\">IP adres\u0113m<\/a>. The new release introduces a mechanism to define custom traffic hashing policies for IPv4 and IPv6 (multipath hash policy), allowing user space to specify which fields in packets, including encapsulated ones, will be used in the hash computation determining the path selection for the packet.\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets (ordered and reliable datagram transmission) has been added to the virtio transport.\n<li class=\"l\"> Papla\u0161in\u0101tas SO_REUSEPORT soketu meh\u0101nisma iesp\u0113jas, kas \u013cauj vair\u0101kiem klaus\u012b\u0161an\u0101s soketiem piesl\u0113gties vienam portam, lai pie\u0146emtu savienojumus, vienlaikus sadalot ien\u0101ko\u0161os piepras\u012bjumus pa visiem piesl\u0113gtajiem SO_REUSEPORT soketiem. Tas atvieglo multivides serveru lietojumprogrammu izveidi. Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 ir iek\u013cauti r\u012bki, lai nodotu kontroli citam soketam, ja s\u0101kotn\u0113ji izv\u0113l\u0113tais sokets neizdodas apstr\u0101d\u0101t piepras\u012bjumu (risina atsevi\u0161\u0137u savienojumu zaud\u0113\u0161anas probl\u0113mu, p\u0101rstart\u0113jot pakalpojumus).                              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Apr\u012bkojums<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 amdgpu  \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 GPU AMD Radeon RX 6000, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438  &#171;Beige Goby&#187; (Navi 24) \u0438 &#171;Yellow Carp&#187;, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 GPU Aldebaran (gfx90a) \u0438 APU Van Gogh. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 eDP. \u0414\u043b\u044f APU Renoir \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (TMZ, Trusted Memory Zone). \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442 (hot-unplug). \u0414\u043b\u044f GPU Radeon RX 6000 (Navi 2x) \u0438  \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 GPU AMD \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ASPM (Active State Power Management), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f GPU Navi 1x, Vega \u0438 Polaris.\n<li class=\"l\"> AMD mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m ir pievienots atbalsts koplietotai virtu\u0101lai atmi\u0146ai (SVM, shared virtual memory) uz HMM (Heterogeneous memory management) subsist\u0113mas b\u0101zes, kas \u013cauj izmantot ier\u012bces ar saviem atmi\u0146as kontroles blokiem (MMU, memory management unit), kas var piek\u013c\u016bt pamatatmi\u0146ai. Ar HMM pal\u012bdz\u012bbu ir iesp\u0113jams organiz\u0113t kop\u012bgu adreses telpu starp GPU un CPU, kur\u0101 GPU var piek\u013c\u016bt procesa pamatatmi\u0146ai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ievies ats\u0101\u013cu atbalstu AMD Smart Shift tehnolo\u0123ijai, kas dinamiski maina CPU un GPU energoefektivit\u0101tes parametrus portat\u012bvajos datoros ar AMD chipset un grafisko karti, lai uzlabotu veiktsp\u0113ju sp\u0113l\u0113s, video redi\u0123\u0113\u0161an\u0101 un 3D att\u0113lo\u0161an\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Intel grafikas kart\u0113m i915 draiver\u012b ir iek\u013cauts atbalsts Intel Alderlake P mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots drm\/hyperv draiveris Hyper-V virtu\u0101lajam grafikas adapterim.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots atbalsts Raspberry Pi 400 all-in-one datoram.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots dell-wmi-privacy draiveris, lai atbalst\u012btu Dell kl\u0113pjdatoros iek\u013cautos aparat\u016bras kameras un mikrofonu izsl\u0113g\u0161anas sl\u0113d\u017eus.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lenovo kl\u0113pjdatoriem ir pievienots WMI interfeiss BIOS parametru mai\u0146ai caur sysfs \/sys\/class\/firmware-attributes\/.\n<li class=\"l\"> Papla\u0161in\u0101ta atbalsta snieg\u0161ana ier\u012bc\u0113m ar USB4 interfeisu.\n<li class=\"l\">  Pievienots atbalsts ska\u0146as kart\u0113m un kodekiem AmLogic SM1 TOACODEC, Intel AlderLake-M, NXP i.MX8, NXP TFA1, TDF9897, Rockchip RK817, Qualcomm Quinary MI2 un Texas Instruments TAS2505. Uzlabots ska\u0146as atbalsts HP un ASUS portat\u012bvajos datoros. Pievienoti labojumi, lai samazin\u0101tu kav\u0113\u0161anos pirms ska\u0146as atska\u0146o\u0161anas s\u0101kuma ier\u012bc\u0113s ar USB interfeisu.        <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55702\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b quotactl_fd() \u0438 memfd_secret(), \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 ide \u0438 raw, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f cgroup, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 SCHED_CORE, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 BPF-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15883 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2002 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 69 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 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