{"id":102208,"date":"2021-11-03T21:36:40","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T19:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/nachalos-beta-testirovanie-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9"},"modified":"2021-11-03T21:36:40","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T19:36:40","slug":"nachalos-beta-testirovanie-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/nachalos-beta-testirovanie-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9","title":{"rendered":"Uzs\u0101kta Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 beta test\u0113\u0161ana","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Red Hat uz\u0146\u0113mums ir laidis klaj\u0101 pirmo beta versiju Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 izplat\u012bjumam. Gatavas instal\u0101cijas att\u0113lu versijas ir sagatavotas re\u0123istr\u0113tiem lietot\u0101jiem Red Hat Customer Portal (funkcionalit\u0101tes nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai var izmantot ar\u012b CentOS Stream 9 iso att\u0113lus). Pakot\u0146u kr\u0101jumi ir pieejami bez ierobe\u017eojumiem architekt\u016br\u0101m x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le un Aarch64 (ARM64). Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 rpm pakot\u0146u avota kods ir public\u0113ts CentOS Git repozitorij\u0101. Atlai\u0161ana tiek gaid\u012bta n\u0101kam\u0101 gada pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar 10 gadu atbalsta ciklu izplat\u012bjums RHEL 9 tiks atbalst\u012bts l\u012bdz 2032. gadam. Atjaunin\u0101jumi RHEL 7 turpin\u0101s tikt izlaisti l\u012bdz 2024. gada 30. j\u016bnijam, RHEL 8 \u2014 l\u012bdz 2029. gada 31. maijam.     <\/p>\n<p>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 distrib\u016bcija izce\u013cas ar p\u0101reju uz atv\u0113rto izstr\u0101des procesu. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m versij\u0101m, par pamatu \u0161\u012bs distrib\u016bcijas izveidei tiek izmantota CentOS Stream 9 pakot\u0146u b\u0101ze. CentOS Stream tiek pozicion\u0113ts k\u0101 aug\u0161upejo\u0161s projekts RHEL, kas \u013cauj tre\u0161aj\u0101m pus\u0113m kontrol\u0113t pakot\u0146u sagatavo\u0161anu RHEL, pied\u0101v\u0101t savas izmai\u0146as un ietekm\u0113t pie\u0146emtos l\u0113mumus. Agr\u0101k jaunu RHEL versiju pamats tika veidots, izmantojot Fedora izlaiduma snapshotu, kas tika uzlabots un stabiliz\u0113ts sl\u0113gt\u0101s durv\u012bs, bez iesp\u0113jas kontrol\u0113t izstr\u0101des gaitu un pie\u0146emtos l\u0113mumus. Tagad, balstoties uz Fedora snapshotu ar kopienas iesaisti, tiek veidota CentOS Stream miza, kur\u0101 notiek sagatavo\u0161anas darbi un tiek veidots pamats jaunai noz\u012bm\u012bgai RHEL versijai.      <\/p>\n<p>Galveno izmai\u0146u saraksts:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunota sist\u0113mas vide un b\u016bv\u0113jamo r\u012bku komplekts. Pakot\u0146u b\u016bv\u0113\u0161anai tiek izmantots GCC 11. Standarta C bibliot\u0113ka ir atjaunota l\u012bdz glibc 2.34. Linux kodola paket\u0113 ir izmantots 5.14 izdevums. RPM pakot\u0146u p\u0101rvaldnieks ir atjaunots l\u012bdz 4.16 versijai ar integrit\u0101tes p\u0101rbaudes atbalstu, izmantojot fapolicyd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Migr\u0101cija uz Python 3 ir pabeigta. Noklus\u0113juma pied\u0101v\u0101tais Python 3.9. Python 2 pieg\u0101de ir p\u0101rtraukta.\n<li class=\"l\">  Darba virsma balst\u0101s uz GNOME 40 (RHEL 8 pieg\u0101d\u0101ja GNOME 3.28) un GTK 4 bibliot\u0113ku. GNOME 40 virtu\u0101l\u0101s darba virsmas saskarn\u0113 (Activities Overview) ir p\u0101rveidotas uz horizont\u0101lo orient\u0101ciju un att\u0113lojas k\u0101 nep\u0101rtraukti ritin\u0101ma sec\u012bba no kreis\u0101s uz labo pusi. Katra darba virsma, kas tiek par\u0101d\u012bta saskarn\u0113, skaidri att\u0113lo atv\u0113rtos logus, kuriem tiek pielietota dinamisk\u0101 panoram\u0113\u0161ana un m\u0113rogo\u0161ana, kad lietot\u0101js mijiedarbojas. Nodro\u0161in\u0101ta nevainojama p\u0101reja starp programmu sarakstu un virtu\u0101laj\u0101m darba virsm\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> GNOME izmanto power-profiles-daemon apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju, kas \u013cauj p\u0101rsl\u0113gties starp ener\u0123ijas taup\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bmu, sabalans\u0113t\u0101 ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a re\u017e\u012bmu un maksim\u0101l\u0101s veiktsp\u0113jas re\u017e\u012bmu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Visi audio straumi ir p\u0101rnesti uz multivides serveri PipeWire, kas tagad tiek izmantots p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma viet\u0101 PulseAudio un JACK. PipeWire izmanto\u0161ana \u013cauj standarta darbvirsmas izdevum\u0101 sniegt profesion\u0101las audio apstr\u0101des iesp\u0113jas, nov\u0113rst fragment\u0101ciju un apvienot ska\u0146as infrastrukt\u016bru da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m lietojumprogramm\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos GRUB iel\u0101des izv\u0113lne ir pasl\u0113pta, ja RHEL ir vien\u012bgais instal\u0113tais distrib\u016bcijas versija un ja iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 iel\u0101de norit\u0113jusi bez k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m. Lai par\u0101d\u012btu izv\u0113lni, iel\u0101des laik\u0101 pietiek tur\u0113t nospiestu tausti\u0146u Shift vai vair\u0101kas reizes nospiest tausti\u0146u Esc vai F8. Starp izmai\u0146\u0101m iel\u0101des programm\u0101 ir ar\u012b GRUB konfigur\u0101cijas failu izvietojums vis\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m vien\u0101 direktorij\u0101 \/boot\/grub2\/ (fails \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/redhat\/grub.cfg tagad ir simboliskais links uz \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg), t.i., to pa\u0161u instal\u0113to sist\u0113mu var iel\u0101d\u0113t gan izmantojot EFI, gan BIOS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponenti da\u017e\u0101du valodu atbalstam ir sadal\u012bti langpacks pakotn\u0113s, kas \u013cauj main\u012bt instal\u0113t\u0101 valodu atbalsta l\u012bmeni. Piem\u0113ram, langpacks-core-font pakotn\u0113 ir pieejami tikai fonti, langpacks-core \u2014 glibc lokaliz\u0101cija, pamatfonts un ievades metode, bet langpacks \u2014 tulkojumi, papildu fonti un pareizrakst\u012bbas p\u0101rbaudes v\u0101rdn\u012bcas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lai vienlaikus instal\u0113tu da\u017e\u0101das programmu versijas un bie\u017e\u0101k veidotu atjaunin\u0101jumus, tiek izmantotas Application Streams sast\u0101vda\u013cas, kuras tagad var veidot, izmantojot visus RHEL atbalst\u012btos pakot\u0146u izplat\u012b\u0161anas veidus, tostarp RPM pakotnes, modu\u013cus (saliktus RPM pakot\u0146u modu\u013cu komplektos), SCL (Software Collection) un Flatpak.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunotas komponentes dro\u0161\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai. Izplat\u012bjum\u0101 izmantota jaun\u0101 OpenSSL 3.0 \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas bibliot\u0113kas fili\u0101le. Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos aktiviz\u0113ti m\u016bsdien\u012bg\u0101ki un dro\u0161\u0101ki \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas algoritmi (piem\u0113ram, SHA-1 izmanto\u0161ana TLS, DTLS, SSH, IKEv2 un Kerberos ir aizliegta, izsl\u0113gti TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, DTLS 1.0, RC4, Camellia, DSA, 3DES un FFDHE-1024). OpenSSH pakotne ir atjaunota l\u012bdz versijai 8.6p1. Cyrus SASL ir p\u0101rcelts uz GDBM aizmuguri viet\u0101 Berkeley DB. NSS bibliot\u0113k\u0101s (T\u012bkla dro\u0161\u012bbas pakalpojumi) ir p\u0101rtraukta DBM form\u0101ta (Berkeley DB) atbalsts. GnuTLS ir atjaunots l\u012bdz versijai 3.7.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z\u012bm\u012bgi uzlabota SELinux veiktsp\u0113ja un samazin\u0101ta atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161. Fail\u0101 \/etc\/selinux\/config ir no\u0146emta atbalsts iestat\u012bjumam &#171;SELINUX=disabled&#187; SELinux izsl\u0113g\u0161anai (nor\u0101d\u012btais iestat\u012bjums tagad tikai izsl\u0113dz politiku iel\u0101di, bet faktiskai SELinux funkcionalit\u0101tes izsl\u0113g\u0161anai tagad nepiecie\u0161ams nodot kodolam parametru &#171;selinux=0&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota eksperiment\u0101l\u0101 atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"185\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard.\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos ir aizliegta SSH piek\u013cuve lietot\u0101jam root.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir atz\u012bti par novecoju\u0161iem programmat\u016bras r\u012bki iptables-nft pakot\u0146u filtr\u0113\u0161anai (iptables, ip6tables, ebtables un arptables util\u012bt\u0113m) un ipset. Tagad ir ieteicams izmantot nftables, lai p\u0101rvald\u012btu ugunsm\u016bri.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kop\u0101 iek\u013cauta jauna mptcpd fona programma MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) iestat\u012b\u0161anai, kas ir TCP protokola papla\u0161in\u0101jums, lai \u013cautu TCP savienojuma darb\u012bbu ar pakot\u0146u pieg\u0101di pa vair\u0101kiem mar\u0161rutiem, izmantojot da\u017e\u0101dus t\u012bkla interfeisus, kas piesaist\u012bti da\u017e\u0101diem IP adres\u0113m. mptcpd izmanto\u0161ana \u013cauj iestat\u012bt MPTCP bez iproute2 util\u012btu izmanto\u0161anas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika no\u0146emta programmat\u016bras pakotne network-scripts, tagad j\u0101izmanto NetworkManager t\u012bkla savienojumu iestat\u012b\u0161anai. ifcfg iestat\u012bjumu form\u0101ta atbalsts ir saglab\u0101ts, bet NetworkManager noklus\u0113jum\u0101 izmanto keyfile b\u0101zes form\u0101tu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iek\u013cauti jaun\u0101k\u0101s versijas kompilatoriem un izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju r\u012bkiem: GCC 11.2, LLVM\/Clang 12.0.1, Rust 1.54, Go 1.16.6, Node.js 16, OpenJDK 17, Perl 5.32, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, Ruby 3.0, Git 2.31, Subversion 1.14, binutils 2.35, CMake 3.20.2, Maven 3.6, Ant 1.10.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunin\u0101ti serveru pakotnes: Apache HTTP Server 2.4, nginx 1.20, Varnish Cache 6.5, Squid 5.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunotas datu b\u0101zes MariaDB 10.5, MySQL 8.0, PostgreSQL 13, Redis 6.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> QEMU emulatora kompil\u0101cijai noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos tiek izmantots Clang, kas \u013c\u0101va piem\u0113rot hipervizora KVM papildu aizsardz\u012bbas meh\u0101nismus, piem\u0113ram, SafeStack, lai aizsarg\u0101tu pret izmanto\u0161anas metod\u0113m, kas balst\u012btas uz atgriezenisko program\u0113\u0161anu (ROP \u2014 Atgriezenisk\u0101s program\u0113\u0161anas izmanto\u0161ana).\n<li class=\"l\"> Tiek papla\u0161in\u0101tas web konsoles iesp\u0113jas: pievienotas papildu veiktsp\u0113jas metrikas, lai identific\u0113tu \u0161aur\u0101s vietas (CPU, atmi\u0146a, disks, t\u012bkla resursi), vienk\u0101r\u0161ots metrikas eksport\u0113\u0161ana vizualiz\u0101cijai, izmantojot Grafana, pievienota iesp\u0113ja p\u0101rvald\u012bt live-patchus uz kodola, nodro\u0161in\u0101ta atbalsts autentifik\u0101cijai caur viedo kart\u0113m (t.sk. sudo un SSH).\n<li class=\"l\"> SSSD (Sist\u0113mas Dro\u0161\u012bbas Pakalpojumu D\u0101mons) ir uzlabota \u017eurn\u0101lu detaliz\u0101cija, piem\u0113ram, pie notikumiem tagad tiek pievienots uzdevuma pabeig\u0161anas laiks un att\u0113lojas autentifik\u0101cijas pl\u016bsma. Pievienotas mekl\u0113\u0161anas funkcijas, lai analiz\u0113tu iestat\u012bjumu un veiktsp\u0113jas probl\u0113mas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir papla\u0161in\u0101ta IMA (Integrit\u0101tes M\u0113r\u012bjumu Arhitekt\u016bras) atbalsts, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas komponentu integrit\u0101ti, izmantojot digit\u0101l\u0101s parakstus un hash.\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjums izmanto vienotu apvienoto cgroup hierarhiju (cgroup v2). Cgroups v2 var izmantot, piem\u0113ram, lai ierobe\u017eotu atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146u, CPU resursus un ievadi\/izvadi. Galven\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp cgroups v2 un v1 ir kop\u012bgas hierarhijas izmanto\u0161ana visiem resursu veidiem, nevis atsevi\u0161\u0137u hierarhiju izmanto\u0161ana, lai sadal\u012btu CPU resursus, regul\u0113tu atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146u un ievadi\/izvadi. Atsevi\u0161\u0137as hierarhijas rad\u012bja gr\u016bt\u012bbas organiz\u0113t mijiedarb\u012bbu starp apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem un papildu resursu izdevumus kodola lieto\u0161anai, piem\u0113rojot noteikumus procesiem, kas piemin\u0113ti da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s hierarhij\u0101s.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots prec\u012bzas laika sinhroniz\u0101cijas atbalsts, pamatojoties uz NTS (T\u012bkla Laika Dro\u0161\u012bba) protokolu, kas izmanto atsl\u0113gu infrastrukt\u016bras elementus (PKI) un \u013cauj izmantot TLS un autentific\u0113tu \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu AEAD (Autentific\u0113ta \u0160ifr\u0113\u0161ana ar Pievienotiem Datiem) klienta un <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"serveris\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3765\">serveris<\/a> NTP (T\u012bkla Laika Protokols) datu apmai\u0146ai. NTP serveris chrony ir atjaunin\u0101ts uz versiju 4.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienotas jaunas Ansible sist\u0113mas lomas, lai automatiz\u0113tu Postfix, Microsoft SQL Server, VPN tun\u0146u un timesync pakalpojuma instal\u0101ciju, konfigur\u0113\u0161anu un palai\u0161anu. Pievienota jauna Ansible loma, lai atbalst\u012btu LVM (Logical Volume Manager) VDO (Virtual Data Optimizer) nodal\u012bjumus.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta eksperiment\u0101l\u0101 (Technology Preview) atbalsta KTLS (TLS \u012bsteno\u0161ana kodola l\u012bmen\u012b), Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions), DAX (Tie\u0161\u0101 piek\u013cuve) ext4 un XFS failu sist\u0113m\u0101m, k\u0101 ar\u012b AMD SEV un SEV-ES atbalsts KVM hipervizor\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iek\u013cauti groz\u012bjumi, kas saist\u012bti ar Red Hat izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101 koda, dokument\u0101cijas un t\u012bmek\u013ca resursu tulko\u0161anu, izmantojot iek\u013caujo\u0161\u0101ku terminolo\u0123iju, kas noz\u012bm\u0113 atteik\u0161anos no v\u0101rdu lieto\u0161anas, piem\u0113ram, master, slave, blacklist un whitelist.     <\/ul>\n<p>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56095\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 Red Hat Customer Portal (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c iso-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b CentOS Stream 9). \u0420\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0438 Aarch64 (ARM64). \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b rpm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat 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