{"id":102464,"date":"2021-12-03T21:36:56","date_gmt":"2021-12-03T19:36:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/oficzialno-predstavlen-distributiv-centos-stream-9"},"modified":"2021-12-03T21:36:56","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T19:36:56","slug":"oficzialno-predstavlen-distributiv-centos-stream-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/oficzialno-predstavlen-distributiv-centos-stream-9","title":{"rendered":"Ofici\u0101li izlaists CentOS Stream 9 izplat\u012bjums","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>CentOS projekts ofici\u0101li pazi\u0146oja par CentOS Stream 9 distrib\u016bcijas pieejam\u012bbu, kas tiek izmantota k\u0101 pamats Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 veido\u0161anai jaun\u0101 atv\u0113rt\u0101 izstr\u0101des proces\u0101. CentOS Stream attiecas uz nep\u0101rtraukti atjaunin\u0101m\u0101m distrib\u016bcij\u0101m un \u013cauj agr\u0101k piek\u013c\u016bt pakotn\u0113m, kas tiek izstr\u0101d\u0101tas n\u0101kamajam RHEL izdevumam. Izstr\u0101des ir sagatavotas x86_64, Aarch64 un ppc64le (IBM Power 9+) arhitekt\u016br\u0101m. Papildus ir pazi\u0146ota atbalsta pieejam\u012bba IBM Z (s390x Z14+) arhitekt\u016brai, ta\u010du versijas tam v\u0113l nav pieejamas.      <\/p>\n<p>CentOS Stream tiek pozicion\u0113ts k\u0101 upstream projekts RHEL, kas sniedz iesp\u0113ju tre\u0161aj\u0101m pus\u0113m kontrol\u0113t pakot\u0146u sagatavo\u0161anu RHEL, pied\u0101v\u0101t savus uzlabojumus un ietekm\u0113t l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu. Iepriek\u0161 jaun\u0101s RHEL fili\u0101les pamatam tika izmantots Fedora versijas snapshots, kuru uzlaboja un stabiliz\u0113ja sl\u0113gt\u0101 vid\u0113, bez iesp\u0113jas kontrol\u0113t izstr\u0101des procesu un pie\u0146emtos l\u0113mumus. RHEL 9 izstr\u0101des proces\u0101, pamatojoties uz Fedora 34 snapshot, ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ta CentOS Stream 9 fili\u0101le ar kopienas l\u012bdzdal\u012bbu, kur notiek sagatavo\u0161anas darbi un jaun\u0101 noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101 RHEL fili\u0101le tiek izveidota.     <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ofici\u0101li izlaists CentOS Stream 9 izplat\u012bjums\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/73826d66f6e1e98f4c29b88f883b10a4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>    <\/p>\n<p>Tiek atz\u012bm\u0113ts, ka CentOS Stream public\u0113 tos pa\u0161us atjaunin\u0101jumus, kas ir sagatavoti v\u0113l neizdotajiem n\u0101kamajiem RHEL starpizdevumiem, un galvenais izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju m\u0113r\u0137is ir pan\u0101kt, lai CentOS Stream stabilit\u0101tes l\u012bmenis b\u016btu identisks RHEL. Pirms pakotne tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ta CentOS Stream, t\u0101 tiek p\u0101rbaud\u012bta caur da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m autom\u0101tiskaj\u0101m un roku test\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113m\u0101m, un tiek public\u0113ta tikai tad, ja t\u0101s stabilit\u0101tes l\u012bmenis tiek atz\u012bts par atbilsto\u0161u kvalit\u0101tes standartiem pakotn\u0113m, kas sagatavotas public\u0113\u0161anai RHEL. Paral\u0113li CentOS Stream sagatavotie atjaunin\u0101jumi tiek iek\u013cauti RHEL nakts izstr\u0101d\u0113s.      <\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101s izmai\u0146as CentOS Stream 9 sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar iepriek\u0161\u0113jo noz\u012bm\u012bgo fili\u0101li:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunota sist\u0113mas vide un b\u016bv\u0113jamo r\u012bku komplekts. Pakot\u0146u b\u016bv\u0113\u0161anai tiek izmantots GCC 11. Standarta C bibliot\u0113ka ir atjaunota l\u012bdz glibc 2.34. Linux kodola paket\u0113 ir izmantots 5.14 izdevums. RPM pakot\u0146u p\u0101rvaldnieks ir atjaunots l\u012bdz 4.16 versijai ar integrit\u0101tes p\u0101rbaudes atbalstu, izmantojot fapolicyd.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Migr\u0101cija uz Python 3 ir pabeigta. Noklus\u0113juma pied\u0101v\u0101tais Python 3.9. Python 2 pieg\u0101de ir p\u0101rtraukta.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Darba virsma balst\u0101s uz GNOME 40 (RHEL 8 pieg\u0101d\u0101ja GNOME 3.28) un GTK 4 bibliot\u0113ku. GNOME 40 virtu\u0101l\u0101s darba virsmas saskarn\u0113 (Activities Overview) ir p\u0101rveidotas uz horizont\u0101lo orient\u0101ciju un att\u0113lojas k\u0101 nep\u0101rtraukti ritin\u0101ma sec\u012bba no kreis\u0101s uz labo pusi. Katra darba virsma, kas tiek par\u0101d\u012bta saskarn\u0113, skaidri att\u0113lo atv\u0113rtos logus, kuriem tiek pielietota dinamisk\u0101 panoram\u0113\u0161ana un m\u0113rogo\u0161ana, kad lietot\u0101js mijiedarbojas. Nodro\u0161in\u0101ta nevainojama p\u0101reja starp programmu sarakstu un virtu\u0101laj\u0101m darba virsm\u0101m.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> GNOME izmanto power-profiles-daemon apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju, kas \u013cauj p\u0101rsl\u0113gties starp ener\u0123ijas taup\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bmu, sabalans\u0113t\u0101 ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a re\u017e\u012bmu un maksim\u0101l\u0101s veiktsp\u0113jas re\u017e\u012bmu.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Visi audio straumi ir p\u0101rnesti uz multivides serveri PipeWire, kas tagad tiek izmantots p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma viet\u0101 PulseAudio un JACK. PipeWire izmanto\u0161ana \u013cauj standarta darbvirsmas izdevum\u0101 sniegt profesion\u0101las audio apstr\u0101des iesp\u0113jas, nov\u0113rst fragment\u0101ciju un apvienot ska\u0146as infrastrukt\u016bru da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m lietojumprogramm\u0101m.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos GRUB iel\u0101des izv\u0113lne ir pasl\u0113pta, ja RHEL ir vien\u012bgais instal\u0113tais izplat\u012bjums un ja iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 iel\u0101de notikusi bez k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m. Lai par\u0101d\u012btu izv\u0113lni iel\u0101des laik\u0101, pietiek tur\u0113t nospiestu tausti\u0146u Shift vai da\u017ereiz nospiest tausti\u0146u Esc vai F8. Izmai\u0146as iel\u0101d\u0113\u0161anas programm\u0101 ietver ar\u012b GRUB konfigur\u0101cijas failu novieto\u0161anu vis\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m vien\u0101 map\u0113 \/boot\/grub2\/ (fails \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/redhat\/grub.cfg tagad ir simboliska saite uz \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg), t.i., vienu un to pa\u0161u instal\u0113to sist\u0113mu var iel\u0101d\u0113t, izmantojot gan EFI, gan BIOS.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponenti da\u017e\u0101du valodu atbalstam ir sadal\u012bti langpacks pakotn\u0113s, kas \u013cauj main\u012bt instal\u0113t\u0101 valodu atbalsta l\u012bmeni. Piem\u0113ram, langpacks-core-font pakotn\u0113 ir pieejami tikai fonti, langpacks-core \u2014 glibc lokaliz\u0101cija, pamatfonts un ievades metode, bet langpacks \u2014 tulkojumi, papildu fonti un pareizrakst\u012bbas p\u0101rbaudes v\u0101rdn\u012bcas.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunotas komponentes dro\u0161\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai. Izplat\u012bjum\u0101 izmantota jaun\u0101 OpenSSL 3.0 \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas bibliot\u0113kas fili\u0101le. Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos aktiviz\u0113ti m\u016bsdien\u012bg\u0101ki un dro\u0161\u0101ki \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas algoritmi (piem\u0113ram, SHA-1 izmanto\u0161ana TLS, DTLS, SSH, IKEv2 un Kerberos ir aizliegta, izsl\u0113gti TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, DTLS 1.0, RC4, Camellia, DSA, 3DES un FFDHE-1024). OpenSSH pakotne ir atjaunota l\u012bdz versijai 8.6p1. Cyrus SASL ir p\u0101rcelts uz GDBM aizmuguri viet\u0101 Berkeley DB. NSS bibliot\u0113k\u0101s (T\u012bkla dro\u0161\u012bbas pakalpojumi) ir p\u0101rtraukta DBM form\u0101ta (Berkeley DB) atbalsts. GnuTLS ir atjaunots l\u012bdz versijai 3.7.2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Z\u012bm\u012bgi uzlabota SELinux veiktsp\u0113ja un samazin\u0101ta atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161. Fail\u0101 \/etc\/selinux\/config ir no\u0146emta atbalsts iestat\u012bjumam &#171;SELINUX=disabled&#187; SELinux izsl\u0113g\u0161anai (nor\u0101d\u012btais iestat\u012bjums tagad tikai izsl\u0113dz politiku iel\u0101di, bet faktiskai SELinux funkcionalit\u0101tes izsl\u0113g\u0161anai tagad nepiecie\u0161ams nodot kodolam parametru &#171;selinux=0&#187;).    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota eksperiment\u0101l\u0101 atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"190\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos ir aizliegta SSH piek\u013cuve lietot\u0101jam root.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir atz\u012bti par novecoju\u0161iem programmat\u016bras r\u012bki iptables-nft pakot\u0146u filtr\u0113\u0161anai (iptables, ip6tables, ebtables un arptables util\u012bt\u0113m) un ipset. Tagad ir ieteicams izmantot nftables, lai p\u0101rvald\u012btu ugunsm\u016bri.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kop\u0101 iek\u013cauta jauna mptcpd fona programma MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) iestat\u012b\u0161anai, kas ir TCP protokola papla\u0161in\u0101jums, lai \u013cautu TCP savienojuma darb\u012bbu ar pakot\u0146u pieg\u0101di pa vair\u0101kiem mar\u0161rutiem, izmantojot da\u017e\u0101dus t\u012bkla interfeisus, kas piesaist\u012bti da\u017e\u0101diem IP adres\u0113m. mptcpd izmanto\u0161ana \u013cauj iestat\u012bt MPTCP bez iproute2 util\u012btu izmanto\u0161anas.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika no\u0146emta programmat\u016bras pakotne network-scripts, tagad j\u0101izmanto NetworkManager t\u012bkla savienojumu iestat\u012b\u0161anai. ifcfg iestat\u012bjumu form\u0101ta atbalsts ir saglab\u0101ts, bet NetworkManager noklus\u0113jum\u0101 izmanto keyfile b\u0101zes form\u0101tu.          <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Iek\u013cauti jaun\u0101k\u0101s versijas kompilatoriem un izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju r\u012bkiem: GCC 11.2, LLVM\/Clang 12.0.1, Rust 1.54, Go 1.16.6, Node.js 16, OpenJDK 17, Perl 5.32, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, Ruby 3.0, Git 2.31, Subversion 1.14, binutils 2.35, CMake 3.20.2, Maven 3.6, Ant 1.10.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunoti serveru pakotnes Apache HTTP Server 2.4.48, nginx 1.20, Varnish Cache 6.5, Squid 5.1.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunotas datu b\u0101zes MariaDB 10.5, MySQL 8.0, PostgreSQL 13, Redis 6.2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> QEMU emulatora kompil\u0101cijai noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos tiek izmantots Clang, kas \u013c\u0101va piem\u0113rot hipervizora KVM papildu aizsardz\u012bbas meh\u0101nismus, piem\u0113ram, SafeStack, lai aizsarg\u0101tu pret izmanto\u0161anas metod\u0113m, kas balst\u012btas uz atgriezenisko program\u0113\u0161anu (ROP \u2014 Atgriezenisk\u0101s program\u0113\u0161anas izmanto\u0161ana).        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> SSSD (Sist\u0113mas Dro\u0161\u012bbas Pakalpojumu D\u0101mons) ir uzlabota \u017eurn\u0101lu detaliz\u0101cija, piem\u0113ram, pie notikumiem tagad tiek pievienots uzdevuma pabeig\u0161anas laiks un att\u0113lojas autentifik\u0101cijas pl\u016bsma. Pievienotas mekl\u0113\u0161anas funkcijas, lai analiz\u0113tu iestat\u012bjumu un veiktsp\u0113jas probl\u0113mas.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir papla\u0161in\u0101ta IMA (Integrit\u0101tes M\u0113r\u012bjumu Arhitekt\u016bras) atbalsts, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas komponentu integrit\u0101ti, izmantojot digit\u0101l\u0101s parakstus un hash.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjums izmanto vienotu apvienoto cgroup hierarhiju (cgroup v2). Cgroups v2 var izmantot, piem\u0113ram, lai ierobe\u017eotu atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146u, CPU resursus un ievadi\/izvadi. Galven\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp cgroups v2 un v1 ir kop\u012bgas hierarhijas izmanto\u0161ana visiem resursu veidiem, nevis atsevi\u0161\u0137u hierarhiju izmanto\u0161ana, lai sadal\u012btu CPU resursus, regul\u0113tu atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146u un ievadi\/izvadi. Atsevi\u0161\u0137as hierarhijas rad\u012bja gr\u016bt\u012bbas organiz\u0113t mijiedarb\u012bbu starp apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem un papildu resursu izdevumus kodola lieto\u0161anai, piem\u0113rojot noteikumus procesiem, kas piemin\u0113ti da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s hierarhij\u0101s.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots prec\u012bzas laika sinhroniz\u0101cijas atbalsts, pamatojoties uz NTS (T\u012bkla Laika Dro\u0161\u012bba) protokolu, kas izmanto atsl\u0113gu infrastrukt\u016bras elementus (PKI) un \u013cauj izmantot TLS un autentific\u0113tu \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu AEAD (Autentific\u0113ta \u0160ifr\u0113\u0161ana ar Pievienotiem Datiem) klienta un <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"serveris\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3774\">serveris<\/a> NTP (T\u012bkla Laika Protokols) datu apmai\u0146ai. NTP serveris chrony ir atjaunin\u0101ts uz versiju 4.1.        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta eksperiment\u0101la KTLS (TLS \u012bstenojums kodola l\u012bmen\u012b), Intel SGX (Programmat\u016bras Sargu Papla\u0161in\u0101jumi), DAX (Tie\u0161a Piek\u013cuve) atbalsts ext4 un XFS, k\u0101 ar\u012b AMD SEV un SEV-ES atbalsts hipervizor\u0101 KVM.            <\/ul>\n<p>Vienlaikus turpin\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bties CentOS Stream 8 fili\u0101le, kas tiek izmantota jaunu RHEL 8.x versiju sagatavo\u0161anai un ir ieteicama sist\u0113mu p\u0101rcel\u0161anai, kas izmanto klasisko CentOS 8.x izplat\u012bjumu, kura uztur\u0113\u0161ana tiks p\u0101rtraukta m\u0113ne\u0161a beig\u0101s. P\u0101rejai uz CentOS Stream ir nepiecie\u0161ams instal\u0113t pakotni centos-release-stream (\"dnf install centos-release-stream\") un izpild\u012bt komandu \"dnf update\". CentOS Stream 8 fili\u0101les uztur\u0113\u0161ana tiks veikta l\u012bdz 2024. gada 31. maijam, savuk\u0101rt klasisk\u0101 CentOS 7.x atbalsts beigsies 2024. gada 30. j\u016bnij\u0101.    <\/p>\n<p>K\u0101 alternat\u012bvu lietot\u0101ji var p\u0101riet uz CentOS 8 att\u012bst\u012bbas turpin\u0101t\u0101jiem: AlmaLinux (migr\u0101cijas skripts), Rocky Linux (migr\u0101cijas skripts), VzLinux (migr\u0101cijas skripts) vai Oracle Linux (migr\u0101cijas skripts). Turkl\u0101t uz\u0146\u0113mums Red Hat ir sniedzis iesp\u0113ju (migr\u0101cijas skripts) bez maksas izmantot RHEL organiz\u0101cij\u0101s, kas att\u012bsta atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda programmat\u016bru, un individu\u0101lo izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju vid\u0113, kas sast\u0101v no l\u012bdz 16 virtu\u0101l\u0101m vai fizisk\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56275\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 CentOS \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 CentOS Stream 9, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. 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