{"id":111652,"date":"2023-11-21T09:10:13","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T07:10:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-freebsd-14-0"},"modified":"2023-11-21T09:10:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T07:10:13","slug":"reliz-freebsd-14-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-14-0","title":{"rendered":"Izlaide FreeBSD 14.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0113c divarpus gadiem kop\u0161 13.0 izlaiduma ir izveidots FreeBSD 14.0 izlai\u017eamais. Instal\u0101cijas att\u0113li ir sagatavoti amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64 un riscv64 arhitekt\u016br\u0101m. Papildus ir sagatavotas versijas virtu\u0101laj\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) un m\u0101ko\u0146vid\u0113m Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine un Vagrant. FreeBSD 14 zars b\u016bs p\u0113d\u0113jais, kas atbalsta 32 bitu platformas. FreeBSD 15 saglab\u0101s tikai 64 bitu sist\u0113mu atbalstu, bet joproj\u0101m b\u016bs iesp\u0113jams veidot 32 bitu programmas un izmantot COMPAT_FREEBSD32 re\u017e\u012bmu, lai palaistu 32 bitu izpild\u0101mos failus 64 bitu vid\u0113.     <\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101s izmai\u0146as:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Par noklus\u0113juma komandrindas interpret\u0113t\u0101ju lietot\u0101jam root ir iestat\u012bts \/bin\/sh.\n<li class=\"l\"> NVME ier\u012bc\u0113m p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma vis\u0101s platform\u0101s ir iesl\u0113gts draiveris nda. Lai atgrieztos pie vec\u0101 draivera nvd, loader.conf ir paredz\u0113ta iestat\u012bjumu opcija &#171;hw.nvme.use_nvd=1&#187;.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika pievienota jauna util\u012bta &#171;fwget&#187;, kas identific\u0113 aparat\u016bru, kurai nepiecie\u0161amas programmat\u016bras, un instal\u0113 attiec\u012bgos programmat\u016bras pakotnes. Pa\u0161reiz atbalst\u012bti tikai PCI ier\u012bces un programmat\u016bras GPU Intel un AMD.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota jauna util\u012bta base64 datu kod\u0113\u0161anai un dekod\u0113\u0161anai base64 form\u0101t\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota util\u012bta tcpsso, kas \u013cauj iestat\u012bt socket opcijas eso\u0161\u0101m TCP savienojumiem (piem\u0113ram, var main\u012bt p\u0101rslodzes kontroli vai TCP steku).    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Par noklus\u0113juma pasta pieg\u0101des a\u0123entu aiz sendmail ir izmantots dma (DragonFly Mail Agent). Sendmail ir saglab\u0101ts pamata pieg\u0101d\u0113 un atjaunin\u0101ts l\u012bdz versijai 8.17.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> KTLS, TLS protokola realiz\u0101cija, kas darbojas FreeBSD kodola l\u012bmen\u012b, ir pievienojusi atbalstu aparat\u016bras pa\u0101trin\u0101jumam TLS 1.3 sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja pus\u0113. Pa\u0101trin\u0101jums ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ts, p\u0101rvietojot da\u017eas oper\u0101cijas, kas saist\u012btas ar \u0161ifr\u0113tu paketu apstr\u0101di, uz t\u012bkla karti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jail.conf konfigur\u0101cijas fail\u0101 ir pievienota direkt\u012bva &#171;.include&#187;, kas \u013cauj pievienot papildu failus, kad iel\u0101d\u0113 konfigur\u0101ciju, \u013caujot izmantot mode\u013cus ce\u013cos. Ir papla\u0161in\u0101ts sysctl parametrs security.bsd.see_jail_proc, kas \u013cauj neautoriz\u0113tiem lietot\u0101jiem atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 jail-vid\u0113 aizliegt procesu piespiedu p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu, priorit\u0101tes mai\u0146u un atk\u013c\u016bdo\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Programm\u0101m pw un bsdinstall tagad p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma tiek izveidoti lietot\u0101ji direktorij\u0101 &#171; \/home&#187;, nevis &#171; \/usr\/home&#187;. Simbolisk\u0101 saite uz &#171; \/home&#187;, kas nor\u0101d\u012bja uz &#171; \/usr\/home&#187;, vairs netiek izveidota.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir atsl\u0113gta izstr\u0101d\u0101\u0161anas iestat\u012b\u0161ana PROFILE \u2014 profil\u0113t\u0101s versijas sist\u0113mas bibliot\u0113k\u0101m vairs netiek nodro\u0161in\u0101tas, t\u0101 viet\u0101 j\u0101izmanto aparat\u016bras profil\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ci (hwpmc).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir iesl\u0113gta izpild\u0101mo failu kompil\u0101cija 64 bitu arhitekt\u016br\u0101m re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 PIE (Position Independent Executable).\n<li class=\"l\"> Hiperu vizoram Bhyve pievienota iesp\u0113ja caurlaidei piek\u013c\u016bt TPM (Trusted Platform Module) un GPU (vien\u012bbu vides AMD un Intel mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m).       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> ZFS failu sist\u0113mas \u012bstenojums ir atjaunin\u0101ts l\u012bdz OpenZFS 2.2 izlai\u0161anai. R\u012bkam makefs pievienota atbalsta iesp\u0113ja ZFS failu sist\u0113mai. Nodro\u0161in\u0101ta iesp\u0113ja izveidot ZFS pulu, kas saist\u012bts ar vienu virtu\u0101lo disku vdev.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atbalst\u012bto CPU kodolu skaits (parametrs MAXCPU) ir palielin\u0101ts no 256 l\u012bdz 1024 amd64 un arm64 arhitekt\u016bras sist\u0113m\u0101s.\n<li class=\"l\"> UFS konfigur\u0101cij\u0101m, kur\u0101s ir iesp\u0113jots \u017eurn\u0101lfailu sistem\u0113\u0161ana (soft updates), ir at\u013cauts veikt fonisko failu sist\u0113mas p\u0101rbaudi, izmantojot UFS momentuz\u0146\u0113mumus. Superbloku, cilindru grupu kartes un inode ir pievienotas papildu hashes, lai atkl\u0101tu boj\u0101jumus.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota tarfs failu sist\u0113ma, ko var izmantot ar tar-arch\u012bviem, kas saspiesti ar zstd.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots boottrace r\u012bku komplekts, lai izsekotu notikumus, kas notika sist\u0113mas iel\u0101des un izsl\u0113g\u0161anas proces\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots kodola FIRECRACKER iestat\u012bjums, kas nodro\u0161ina FreeBSD palai\u0161anu Firecracker virtu\u0101laj\u0101 vid\u0113, ko paredz\u0113ts izmantot virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu palai\u0161anai ar minim\u0101l\u0101m izmaks\u0101m. FreeBSD 14 kodola iel\u0101des laiks, str\u0101d\u0101jot ar Firecracker, samazin\u0101ts l\u012bdz 25 milisekund\u0113m, kas \u013cauj uzs\u0101kt FreeBSD vidus saska\u0146\u0101 ar nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu serverless skait\u013co\u0161anas infrastrukt\u016bras \u012bsteno\u0161anai.                     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lua valod\u0101 uzrakst\u012btaj\u0101 bootloader\u012b \u012bpa\u0161\u0101 sandbox vid\u0113 \u012bstenota lua failu izpildes atbalsts, kas novietots loader_conf_files katalog\u0101.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> NFS atbalsts ir papla\u0161in\u0101ts. Ir pievienota jauna mont\u0113\u0161anas opcija &#171;syskrb5&#187; Kerberos atbalstam NFSv 4.1\/4.2, k\u0101 ar\u012b ir \u012bstenota ExchangeID oper\u0101cijas atbalsts. Ir iesp\u0113jams palaist nfsd, nfsuserd, mountd, gssd un rpc.tlsservd izol\u0113t\u0101 t\u012bkla vid\u0113 vnet.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Script\u0101 growfs ir ieviesta iesp\u0113ja izvietot swap nodal\u012bjumu papla\u0161in\u0101m\u0101s diskus ast\u0113.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots jauns DTrace nodro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101js kinst (dtrace_kinst), kas \u013cauj veikt kodola strukt\u016bru izseko\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kodola kriptosist\u0113m\u0101 ir pievienota atbalsts XChaCha20-Poly1035 AEAD \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas algoritmam, k\u0101 ar\u012b pievienots API, lai izmantotu eliptisko l\u012bkni curve25519 (WireGuard).\n<li class=\"l\"> Samazin\u0101ts restart\u0113\u0161anas laiks. Pievienots sysctl parametrs kern.reboot_wait_time, caur kuru var main\u012bt aizturi pirms faktisk\u0101 restart\u0113\u0161anas p\u0113c visu diagnostikas zi\u0146ojumu izvad\u012b\u0161anas konsol\u0113. Noklus\u0113juma aizture ir iz\u0146emta.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kodols ir papildin\u0101ts ar timerfd apak\u0161sist\u0113mu, kas atvieglo programmu port\u0113\u0161anu no Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots sysctl machdep.mitigations.zenbleed.enable, lai blo\u0137\u0113tu Zenbleed ievainojam\u012bbu AMD Zen2 procesoros.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Wpa_supplicant un hostapd ir pievienots atbalsts Wi-Fi 6. Iwlwifi draiver\u012b nodro\u0161in\u0101ta sader\u012bba ar Intel mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m, kas atbalsta Wi-Fi 6E AX411\/AX211\/AX210.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kodols amd64 sist\u0113m\u0101m nodro\u0161ina atbalstu LLVM projekta r\u012bkiem AddressSanitizer un MemorySanitizer.\n<li class=\"l\"> Rc.d skriptos ir at\u013cauts izmantot status metodi, pat ja skript\u0101 nav defin\u0113ts programmas nosaukums (procname) un PID fails.\n<li class=\"l\"> Datu p\u0101rraides \u0101trums caur s\u0113rijas portu kodol\u0101, iel\u0101d\u0113t\u0101jos un lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101 p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir palielin\u0101ts no 9600 l\u012bdz 115200 bps. Sign\u0101la tonis p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir iestat\u012bts 800 Hz. Ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta integr\u0101cija ar devd, lai izvad\u012btu sign\u0101lu caur ska\u0146as karti. Konsol\u0113 vt sign\u0101ls p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir atsl\u0113gts (lai to iesl\u0113gtu, j\u0101izpilda komandas &#171;sysctl kern.vt.enable_bell=1&#187; un &#171;kbdcontrol -b normal&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzlabots atbalsts NXP DPAA2 (Data Path Acceleration Architecture Gen2) apar\u0101ta pa\u0101trin\u0101tas t\u012bkla oper\u0101ciju arhitekt\u016bras atbalstam.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots igc draiveris Intel I225 Ethernet kontrolieriem, kas atbalsta 2.5 Gbps \u0101trumu.            <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113jum\u0101 aktiviz\u0113ta net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait iestat\u012bjuma aktiviz\u0101cija, kas deaktiviz\u0113 timewait ierakstu izveidi TCP savienojumiem, kas p\u0101rtr\u016bku\u0161i viet\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas pus\u0113.\n<li class=\"l\"> Papla\u0161in\u0101ts un noklus\u0113jum\u0101 iesl\u0113gts atbalsts sazi\u0146as protokolam Netlink (RFC 3549), kas tiek izmantots Linux, lai organiz\u0113tu kodola mijiedarb\u012bbu ar procesiem lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101. Da\u017ei t\u012bklo\u0161anas r\u012bki ir p\u0101rv\u0113rsti uz Netlink izmanto\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Paketu filtr\u0101 pf tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta sader\u012bba ar sintaksi un uzved\u012bbu paketu normaliz\u0101cijas oper\u0101cij\u0101m (scrubbing) no pf versijas OpenBSD. pfsync ir ieviesta iesp\u0113ja izmantot transportu IPv6. pfsync paketu form\u0101ts ir papla\u0161in\u0101ts, lai atbalst\u012btu rindas, paketu normaliz\u0101ciju un noteikumus route-to.\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u012bkla interfeis\u0101 if_stf (IPv6 p\u0101r IPv4) ir pievienota <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IPv6 atbalsts\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"392\">IPv6 atbalsts<\/a> \u0100tr\u0101 izvieto\u0161anas iesp\u0113ja (RFC 5969). IPv6 nodeinfo re\u017e\u012bms (RFC 4620) ir p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma izsl\u0113gts.\n<li class=\"l\"> K\u0101 noklus\u0113juma ir iesl\u0113gts sysctl parametrs net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait, kas nov\u0113r\u0161 timewait st\u0101vok\u013ca ierakstu veido\u0161anu lok\u0101li p\u0101rtraukta TCP savienojuma gad\u012bjum\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos TCP tiek izmantots CUBIC sastr\u0113gumu kontroles meh\u0101nisms, nevis NewReno, kas \u013cauj papla\u0161in\u0101t pieejam\u0101s joslas platuma izmanto\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> IPv4 ir atsl\u0113gta platsu s\u016bt\u012b\u0161ana uz nulles apak\u0161netes adresi, ja \u0161\u0101da adrese nav skaidri pazi\u0146ota k\u0101 plats. T\u0101s mai\u0146a \u013cauj izmantot hostiem adreses, kas beidzas ar &#171;.0&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> OpenSSH iestat\u012bjumi ir main\u012bti: noklus\u0113juma protocols SFTP tiek izmantots scp viet\u0101, RSA\/SHA-1 parakstu atbalsts ir atsl\u0113gts, VerifyHostKeyDNS un X11Forwarding parametri ir iestat\u012bti uz \"no\", k\u0101 ar\u012b ir no\u0146emta direkt\u012bva VersionAddendum un atbalsts HPN iestat\u012bjumiem.\n<li class=\"l\"> R\u012bkam date pievienota opcija \"-z\" laika zonu p\u0101rveido\u0161anai.\n<li class=\"l\"> R\u012bkam diff pievienota opcija \"\u2014color\" izmai\u0146u vizualiz\u0101cijai kr\u0101s\u0101s.\n<li class=\"l\"> R\u012bkam sleep pievienots atbalsts laika m\u0113rvien\u012bb\u0101m, kas at\u0161\u0137iras no sekund\u0113m (piem\u0113ram, var nor\u0101d\u012bt \"sleep 1h 30m\").\n<li class=\"l\"> R\u012bkiem head un tail pievienots atbalsts opcij\u0101m \"-q\" un \"-h\", k\u0101 ar\u012b ir \u012bstenota iesp\u0113ja nor\u0101d\u012bt v\u0113rt\u012bbas ar SI sist\u0113mas prefiksiem. R\u012bk\u0101 head ir no\u0146emts ierobe\u017eojums maksim\u0101lajam rindu skaitam 2^31.\n<li class=\"l\"> R\u012bkam systat pievienota komanda \"iolat\" ievades\/izvades kav\u0113jumu inform\u0101cijas att\u0113lo\u0161anai, ko apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101jusi CAM pl\u0101not\u0101js.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bibliot\u0113ka libncursesw ir sadal\u012bta div\u0101s bibliot\u0113k\u0101s: libtinfow un libncursesw. ir pievienots atbalsts ncurses, lai izmantotu terminfo b\u0101zi, nevis tikai termcap.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aarch64 (arm64) arhitekt\u016brai ir ieviesta un p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma aktiviz\u0113ta kompil\u0101cijas opcija COMPAT_LIB32, kas nodro\u0161ina 32 bitu bibliot\u0113ku kompil\u0101ciju ARM64 sist\u0113m\u0101m, \u013caujot palaist izpild\u0101mos failus, kas izveidoti armv7 platformai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzlabota atbalsts m\u0101ko\u0146u sist\u0113m\u0101m. AWS EC2 pievienotas eksperiment\u0101l\u0101s versijas ar saknes Failsist\u0113mu ZFS un cloud-init. Azure pied\u0101v\u0101ti att\u0113li arhitekt\u016br\u0101m arm64 un amd64, izv\u0113lei ar UFS vai ZFS. Pievienots draiveris virtu\u0101lajai t\u012bkla karti gve (Google Virtual NIC).\n<li class=\"l\"> ACPI sist\u0113m\u0101 pievienots atbalsts sliek\u0161\u0146a v\u0113rt\u012bbai _CR3, kas \u013cauj noteikt temperat\u016bru, sasniedzot kuru sist\u0113ma tiks p\u0101rsviesta miega re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 (S3).\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunotas versijas pamatsist\u0113m\u0101 eso\u0161aj\u0101m tre\u0161o personu lietotn\u0113m un bibliot\u0113k\u0101m: OpenSSH 9.5p1, OpenSSL 3.0.12 (iepriek\u0161 tika izmantota versija 1.1.1), awk 2021072, bc 6.6.0, libbsdxml 2.4.7, libfido2 1.13.0, tcpdump 4.99.4, libpcap 1.10.4, xz 5.4.3, zlib 1.3, zstd 1.5.2. R\u012bka objdump \u012bstenojums nomain\u012bts uz llvm-objdump. Kompilators Clang atjaunots l\u012bdz versijai 16.\n<li class=\"l\"> Veikta novecoju\u0161o sist\u0113mu att\u012br\u012b\u0161ana:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> No pamatsist\u0113mas iz\u0146emts atbalsts vienreiz\u0113jiem paraugiem OPIE (lai to atjaunotu, varat instal\u0113t portu security\/opie).\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz\u0146emti draiveri ska\u0146as kart\u0113m ar ISA interfeisu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz\u0146emti util\u012bti fmtree un minigzip.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz\u0146emti ATM komponenti netgraph (NgATM).\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz\u0146emts fonu process telnetd (varat izmantot portu net\/freebsd-telnetd).\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz\u0146emta klase VINUM geom.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz\u0146emti novecoju\u0161ie draiveri amr, iscsi_initiator, iir, mn, mly, nlmrsa un twa.\n<li class=\"l\"> No GENERIC un MINIMAL kodoliem iz\u0146emts parametrs VESA.\n<li class=\"l\"> No darb\u012bbas l\u012bmen\u012b eso\u0161\u0101 OCF (Open Cryptographic Framework) kriptogr\u0101fisk\u0101 ietvara iz\u0146emts atbalsts asimetriskaj\u0101m kriptogr\u0101fiskaj\u0101m oper\u0101cij\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\">  Izceltas novecoju\u0161as util\u012btas mergemaster, ko aizst\u0101j ar etcupdate.\n<li class=\"l\"> No\u0146emts r\u012bks portsnap (portu izg\u016b\u0161anai j\u0101izmanto \"git clone https:\/\/git.FreeBSD.org\/ports.git \/usr\/ports\").\n<li class=\"l\"> Aptur\u0113ta versiju veido\u0161ana armv6 arhitekt\u016brai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz\u0146emts atbalsts MIPS arhitekt\u016brai.  <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60120\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 13.0 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 14.0. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64 \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 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