{"id":115013,"date":"2024-04-12T14:30:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T12:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:30:14","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T12:30:14","slug":"beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 24.04 beta versija","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tika laika izlai\u017e beta versiju Ubuntu 24.04 \u201eNoble Numbat\u201d, p\u0113c kuras pabeigta pakot\u0146u datu b\u0101zes sasal\u0161ana un izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji p\u0101rg\u0101ju\u0161i pie gala test\u0113\u0161anas un k\u013c\u016bdu labojumiem. Izlaidums pl\u0101nots 25. apr\u012bl\u012b. Versija 24.04 pieder pie ilgtermi\u0146a atbalsta (LTS) izlaidumiem, kuru atjaunin\u0101jumi tiek sagatavoti 12 gadiem (5 gadi \u2014 visp\u0101rpieejami, plus v\u0113l 7 gadi Ubuntu Pro pakalpojuma lietot\u0101jiem). Gatavie test\u0113\u0161anas att\u0113li izveidoti Ubuntu, Ubuntu Server, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Studio, Xubuntu, UbuntuKylin (izdevums \u0136\u012bnai), Ubuntu Unity, Edubuntu un Ubuntu Cinnamon.    <\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101s izmai\u0146as:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Darba virsma ir atjaunin\u0101ta uz GNOME 46 izlaidumu, kur\u0101 ir pievienota glob\u0101l\u0101s mekl\u0113\u0161anas funkcija, uzlabota failu p\u0101rvaldnieka un termin\u0101la emulatoru veiktsp\u0113ja, pievienota eksperiment\u0101la atbalsta funkcija VRR (Variable Refresh Rate), uzlabota kvalit\u0101te, veicot liela m\u0113roga palielin\u0101\u0161anas funkciju, papla\u0161in\u0101ta iesp\u0113ja pievienoties \u0101r\u0113jiem pakalpojumiem, atjaunin\u0101ts konfigurators un uzlabota pazi\u0146ojumu sist\u0113ma. GTK ir ieviests jauns z\u012bm\u0113\u0161anas dzin\u0113js, kas balst\u0101s uz Vulkan API. Kameras lietotne Cheese ir aizst\u0101ta ar GNOME Snapshot.\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux kodols ir atjaunin\u0101ts l\u012bdz 6.8 versijai.\n<li class=\"l\"> L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 izmai\u0146as Arch Linux un Fedora Linux, parametrs sysctl vm.max_map_count, kas nosaka maksim\u0101li pieejamo procesam mapperu skaitu, p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir palielin\u0101ts no 65530 l\u012bdz 1048576. \u0160\u012b izmai\u0146a uzlaboja sader\u012bbu ar Windows sp\u0113l\u0113m, kuras tiek palaistas caur Wine (piem\u0113ram, ar iepriek\u0161\u0113jo v\u0113rt\u012bbu nes\u0101k\u0101s sp\u0113les DayZ, Hogwarts Legacy, Counter Strike 2, Star Citizen un THE FINALS) un atrisin\u0101ja da\u017eas probl\u0113mas ar lietojumprogrammu veiktsp\u0113ju, kas intens\u012bvi pat\u0113r\u0113 atmi\u0146u.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunin\u0101tas versijas: GCC 14-pre, LLVM 18, Python 3.12, OpenJDK 21 (p\u0113c izv\u0113les ir pieejami OpenJDK 8, 11 un 17), Rust 1.76, Go 1.22, .NET 8, PHP 8.3.3, Ruby 3.2.3.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunin\u0101tas lietot\u0101ja programmas: Firefox 124 (kompil\u0113ts ar Wayland atbalstu), LibreOffice 24.2, Thunderbird 115, Ardour 8.4.0, OBS Studio 30.0.2, Audacity 3.4.2, Transmission 4.0, digiKam 8.2.0, Kdenlive 23.08.5, Krita 5.2.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunin\u0101tas apak\u0161sist\u0113mas: Mesa 24.0.3, systemd 253.5, BlueZ 5.72, Cairo 1.18, NetworkManager 1.46, Pipewire 1.0.4, Poppler 24.02, xdg-desktop-portal 1.18.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunin\u0101ti servera pakotnes: Nginx 1.24, Apache httpd 2.4.58, Samba 4.19, Exim 4.97, Clamav 1.0.0, Chrony 4.5, containerd 1.7.12, Django 4.2.11, Docker 24.0.7, Dovecot 2.3.21, GlusterFS 11.1, HAProxy 2.8.5, Kea DHCP 2.4.1, libvirt 10.0.0, NetSNMP 5.9.4, OpenLDAP 2.6.7, open-vm-tools 12.3.5, PostgreSQL 16.2, Runc 1.1.12, QEMU 8.2.1, SpamAssassin 4.0.0, Squid 6.6, SSSD 2.9.4, Pacemaker 2.1.6, OpenStack 2024.1, Ceph 19.2.0, Openvswitch 3.3.0, Open Virtual Network 24.03.\n<li class=\"l\"> E-pasta klients Thunderbird tagad tiek pieg\u0101d\u0101ts tikai snap form\u0101t\u0101. DEB pakotn\u0113 ar Thunderbird ir iek\u013cauta aizst\u0101j\u0113ja pakotne, lai instal\u0113tu snap pakotni.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lietotn\u0113m, kas izmanto gnutls, atbalsts protokoliem TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1 un DTLS 1.0 ir piespiedu k\u0101rt\u0101 atsl\u0113gts, jo pirms trim gadiem IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) komiteja ofici\u0101li tos atzina par novecoju\u0161\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m. Openssl attiec\u012bgais groz\u012bjums tika \u012bstenots Ubuntu 20.04.\n<li class=\"l\"> AppArmor noklus\u0113jum\u0101 ir iesl\u0113gta piek\u013cuve vis\u0101m lietotn\u0113m uz GnuTLS un OpenSSL konfigur\u0101cijas failiem. Iepriek\u0161 izmantot\u0101 selekt\u012bv\u0101 piek\u013cuve rad\u012bja probl\u0113mas, kuras ir gr\u016bti diagnostic\u0113t sakar\u0101 ar k\u013c\u016bdu zi\u0146ojumu tr\u016bkumu, kad piek\u013cuve konfigur\u0101cijas failiem ir neiesp\u0113jama.\n<li class=\"l\"> No t\u0101lru\u0146a ir iz\u0146emti pptpd un bcrelay pakotnes sakar\u0101 ar potenci\u0101laj\u0101m dro\u0161\u012bbas probl\u0113m\u0101m un galveno kodu b\u0101zu atbalsta p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu. T\u0101pat ir iz\u0146emts PAM modulis pam_lastlog.so, kur\u0101 nav atrisin\u0101ta 2038. gada probl\u0113ma.\n<li class=\"l\"> Paket\u0113m noklus\u0113juma izveid\u0113 ir iek\u013cautas kompilatora opcijas, kas apgr\u016btina neaizsarg\u0101t\u012bbu ekspluat\u0101ciju. GCC un DPKG noklus\u0113juma re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 ir iek\u013cauts re\u017e\u012bms \u201e-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3\u201d, kas identific\u0113 iesp\u0113jamos bufera p\u0101rp\u016btes gad\u012bjumus, veicot virknes funkcijas, kas defin\u0113tas virsraksta fail\u0101 string.h. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba no iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 piem\u0113rot\u0101 re\u017e\u012bma \u201e_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2\u201d ir papildu p\u0101rbaud\u0113s. Teor\u0113tiski papildu p\u0101rbaudes var samazin\u0101t veiktsp\u0113ju, ta\u010du praks\u0113 SPEC2000 un SPEC2017 testi neatkl\u0101ja at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas, un test\u0113\u0161anas proces\u0101 no lietot\u0101jiem nebija sa\u0146emtas s\u016bdz\u012bbas par veiktsp\u0113jas samazin\u0101\u0161anos.\n<li class=\"l\"> DPKG pievienota nor\u0101de \u201e-mbranch-protection=standard\u201d, lai aktiviz\u0113tu ARM64 sist\u0113m\u0101s aizsardz\u012bbu, kas nov\u0113r\u0161 p\u0101rejas uz t\u0101d\u0101m instrukciju kop\u0101m, uz kur\u0101m nedr\u012bkst veikt p\u0101rejas, kad tiek veikta zarojuma darb\u012bba (ARMv8.5-BTI \u2014 Branch Target Indicator). P\u0101reju blo\u0137\u0113\u0161ana uz nejau\u0161\u0101m koda viet\u0101m tiek \u012bstenota, lai pretotos uzgad\u012bjumu izveidei ekspluat\u0101cij\u0101s, kas izmanto atpaka\u013corient\u0113tas programm\u0113\u0161anas (ROP \u2014 Return-Oriented Programming) tehniku.\n<li class=\"l\"> Paket\u0146u p\u0101rvaldniek\u0101 APT ir main\u012bts priorit\u0101te repozitorijam &#171;proposed pocket&#187;, kur notiek jauno pakot\u0146u versiju priek\u0161tests pirms to public\u0113\u0161anas galvenajos repozitorijos pla\u0161ai publikai. Izmai\u0146as m\u0113r\u0137is ir samazin\u0101t autom\u0101tiskas nestabilu atjaunin\u0101jumu instal\u0113\u0161anas iesp\u0113ju gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja repozitorijs &#171;proposed pocket&#187; ir aktiviz\u0113ts, kas var\u0113tu novest pie sist\u0113mas darb\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem. P\u0113c &#171;proposed pocket&#187; aktiviz\u0113\u0161anas no t\u0101 vairs netiks p\u0101rvietoti visi atjaunin\u0101jumi, ta\u010du lietot\u0101js var\u0113s izv\u0113l\u0113ties instal\u0113t nepiecie\u0161amo pakot\u0146u atjaunin\u0101jumus, izmantojot komandu &#171;apt install &lt;package&gt;\\\/&lt;release&gt;-proposed&amp;#187.;\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma pieg\u0101de pakalpojumam irqbalance, kas izdala aparat\u016bras p\u0101rtraukumu apstr\u0101di da\u017e\u0101diem CPU kodoliem, ir p\u0101rtraukta. Pa\u0161laik liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 situ\u0101ciju ir pietiekami ar Linux kodola nodro\u0161in\u0101taj\u0101m apstr\u0101des meh\u0101nismiem. irqbalance lieto\u0161ana var b\u016bt pamatota noteikt\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s, ta\u010du to j\u0101nosaka administratoram. Turkl\u0101t noteikt\u0101s konfigur\u0101cij\u0101s irqbalance var rad\u012bt probl\u0113mas, piem\u0113ram, izmantojot virtualiz\u0101cijas sist\u0113m\u0101s, un var trauc\u0113t roku iestat\u012bjumu konfigur\u0113\u0161anai, kas ietekm\u0113 ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u un aizturi.\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u012bkla konfigur\u0101cijai tiek izmantota Netplan r\u012bku komplekta 1.0 izdo\u0161ana, kas nodro\u0161ina iestat\u012bjumu glab\u0101\u0161anu YAML form\u0101t\u0101 un pied\u0101v\u0101 aizmugur\u0113j\u0101s puses, kas abstrakt\u0113 piek\u013cuvi konfigur\u0101cijai, izmantojot NetworkManager un systemd-networkd. Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 ir ieviesta iesp\u0113ja vienlaic\u012bgi izmantot WPA2 un WPA3, pievienota atbalsts Mellanox VF-LAG t\u012bkla ier\u012bc\u0113m ar SR-IOV (Single-Root I\/O Virtualization) un realiz\u0113ta komanda &#171;netplan status &#8212;diff&#187; vizu\u0101lai at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai starp faktisko iestat\u012bjumu st\u0101vokli un konfigur\u0101cijas failiem. Ubuntu Desktop par noklus\u0113juma aizmugur\u0113jo pusi ir aktiviz\u0113ts NetworkManager.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir moderniz\u0113ts installer ubuntu-desktop-installer, kur\u0161 tagad att\u012bst\u0101s liel\u0101ka projekta ubuntu-desktop-provision sast\u0101v\u0101 un p\u0101rd\u0113v\u0113ts par ubuntu-desktop-bootstrap. Jaun\u0101 projekta m\u0113r\u0137is ir instal\u0113t\u0101ja sadal\u012b\u0161ana posmos, kas tiek veikti pirms instal\u0113\u0161anas (disku sadal\u012b\u0161ana un pakot\u0146u kop\u0113\u0161ana) un sist\u0113mas pirm\u0101s iel\u0101des laik\u0101 (sist\u0113mas s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 konfigur\u0101cija). Izmai\u0146u vid\u016b ir uzlabota instal\u0113t\u0101ja saskarne, pievienota lapa URL nor\u0101d\u012b\u0161anai autom\u0101tisk\u0101s instal\u0101cijas scen\u0101rija autoinstall.yaml lejupiel\u0101dei un iesp\u0113ja main\u012bt noklus\u0113juma uzved\u012bbu un noform\u0113jumu, izmantojot konfigur\u0101cijas failu. Ir pievienots atbalsts instal\u0113t\u0101ja atjaunin\u0101\u0161anai - ja agr\u012bn\u0101 instal\u0101cijas posm\u0101 ir pieejama jauna versija, tagad tiks par\u0101d\u012bts piepras\u012bjums jaunin\u0101t instal\u0113t\u0101ju.\n<p>Instal\u0113t\u0101j\u0101 ar\u012b ir piesaist\u012btas iesp\u0113jas, kas tika pievienotas iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 Ubuntu 23.10 izlaidum\u0101, piem\u0113ram, ZFS failu sist\u0113mas atbalsts un disku \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas iesp\u0113ja, kas neprasa paroles ievadi diska atblo\u0137\u0113\u0161anai pie start\u0113\u0161anas, pateicoties inform\u0101cijas saglab\u0101\u0161anai par atsl\u0113gu at\u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu TPM (Trusted Platform Module).       <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Iesl\u0113gts Active Directory Certificate Auto Enrollment (ADSys) meh\u0101nisms, kas \u013cauj autom\u0101tiski sa\u0146emt sertifik\u0101tus no Active Directory pakalpojumiem, aktiviz\u0113jot grupu politikas. Sertifik\u0101tu autom\u0101tiska ieg\u016b\u0161ana, izmantojot Active Directory, ar\u012b tiek izmantota, piesl\u0113dzoties uz\u0146\u0113muma bezvadu t\u012bkliem un <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"151\">VPN<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzlabots jaunais Ubuntu lietot\u0146u p\u0101rvaldnieks App Center, kas uzrakst\u012bts Dart valod\u0101, izmantojot Flutter ietvaru un piel\u0101gotas saskarnes izk\u0101rtojuma metodes, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu pareizu darb\u012bbu uz jebkura izm\u0113ra ekr\u0101niem. Ubuntu Store \u012bsteno kombin\u0113to saskarni, lai str\u0101d\u0101tu ar DEB un Snap pakotn\u0113m (ja vienai programmai ir pieejamas gan deb, gan snap pakotnes, p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma tiek izv\u0113l\u0113ta snap), \u013cauj veikt mekl\u0113\u0161anu un navig\u0101ciju caur snapcraft.io pakot\u0146u katalogu un pievienotajiem DEB repozitorijiem, sniedz iesp\u0113ju p\u0101rvald\u012bt lietojumprogrammu instal\u0113\u0161anu, dz\u0113\u0161anu un atjaunin\u0101\u0161anu, k\u0101 ar\u012b instal\u0113t atsevi\u0161\u0137us deb pakotnes no viet\u0113jiem failiem. Lietotn\u0113 ir ieviesta v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113ma, kur\u0101 piecu punktu v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas skala tiek aizvietota ar balso\u0161ana form\u0101t\u0101 pat\u012bk\/nepat\u012bk (+1\/-1), uz kuras pamata tiek izveidots virtu\u0101lais piecu zvaig\u017e\u0146u v\u0113rt\u0113jums.\n<p>Ubuntu App Center ir nomain\u012bjis veco Snap Store interfeisu. Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar Ubuntu 23.10 ir pievienota jauna lietojumprogrammu kategorija \u2014 Sp\u0113les (\u0161aj\u0101 proces\u0101 no pieg\u0101des ir iz\u0146emti GNOME sp\u0113les). Iecelta atsevi\u0161\u0137a interfeisa versija firmware atjaunin\u0101\u0161anai \u2014 Firmware Updater, kas pieejams amd64 un arm64 arhitekt\u016br\u0101m un \u013cauj atjaunin\u0101t firmware, neveicot pilnv\u0113rt\u012bga lietojumprogrammu p\u0101rvaldnieka fonu.  <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pakotnes 32 bitu Armhf arhitekt\u016brai ir p\u0101rn\u0101ku\u0161as uz 64 bitu time_t veidu. Izmai\u0146as sk\u0101ra vair\u0101k nek\u0101 t\u016bkstoti pakot\u0146u. Iepriek\u0161 izmantotais 32 bitu time_t veids nevar tikt izmantots laika apstr\u0101dei p\u0113c 2038. gada 19. janv\u0101ra, jo tas rad\u012btu sekun\u017eu skait\u012bt\u0101ja p\u0101rpl\u016bdi, kas ir pag\u0101jis kop\u0161 1970. gada 1. janv\u0101ra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunotas versijas Raspberry Pi 5 (serveru un lietot\u0101ju) un StarFive VisionFive 2 (RISC-V) pl\u0101tn\u0113m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ubuntu Cinnamon ir izmantota piel\u0101gota Cinnamon 6.0 vide ar s\u0101kotn\u0113jo Wayland atbalstu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Xubuntu turpina pieg\u0101d\u0101t Xfce 4.18 vidi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ubuntu Mate izmanto MATE 1.28 darba vidi, kas v\u0113l nav ofici\u0101li pazi\u0146ota.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ubuntu Budgie izmanto Budgie 10.9 darba vidi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kubuntu noklus\u0113juma versij\u0101 turpin\u0101s pieg\u0101de ar KDE Plasma 5.27. KDE 6 tiks pied\u0101v\u0101ts Kubuntu 24.10 rudens izlaidum\u0101. Ir atjaunots logotips un kr\u0101su dizains.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lubuntu ir uzlabots instal\u0101cijas r\u012bks, kas balst\u012bts uz Calamares ietvara. Ir pievienota lapa instal\u0101cijas parametru iestat\u012b\u0161anai, piem\u0113ram, pieejamo atjaunin\u0101jumu instal\u0113\u0161ana, kodeku un \u012bpa\u0161umties\u012bbu draiveru instal\u0113\u0161ana, k\u0101 ar\u012b papildu programmu instal\u0113\u0161ana. Tika pievienoti minim\u0101l\u0101s, piln\u012bgas un norm\u0101las instal\u0101cijas re\u017e\u012bmi. Ir pievienota pirm\u0101s palai\u0161anas ekr\u0101ns, \u013caujot iestat\u012bt valodu un piesl\u0113g\u0161anos bezvadu t\u012bklam, k\u0101 ar\u012b izv\u0113l\u0113ties instal\u0101cijas r\u012bka palai\u0161anu vai p\u0101reju uz Live re\u017e\u012bmu. Pievienots Bluetooth p\u0101rvaldnieks un SDDM displeja p\u0101rvaldnieka iestat\u012bjumu redaktors. Darba vide ir atjaunota l\u012bdz LXQt 1.4 versijai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ubuntu Studio ir pievienota Ubuntu Studio Audio Configuration util\u012bta, lai konfigur\u0113tu PipeWire iestat\u012bjumus.       <\/ul>\n<p>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60974\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Ubuntu 24.04 &#171;Noble Numbat&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 25 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 24.04 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c 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