{"id":138938,"date":"2025-07-14T11:11:58","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:11:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:11:59","slug":"gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu","title":{"rendered":"GPUHammer \u2014 Rowhammer uzbrukuma variants GPU atmi\u0146ai.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Toronto Universit\u0101tes p\u0113tnieki ir prezent\u0113ju\u0161i pirmo Rowhammer uzbrukuma veidu, kas tiek izmantots, lai sagroz\u012btu videomemori\u0101 eso\u0161o saturu. Uzbrukuma iesp\u0113jam\u012bba, kas var novest pie l\u012bdz 8 bitu datu nomai\u0146as, tika demonstr\u0113ta uz diskret\u0101 NVIDIA A6000 GPU ar GDDR6 videomemoriju. K\u0101 praktisks piem\u0113rs tiek par\u0101d\u012bts, k\u0101 \u0161\u0101du sagroz\u012bjumu var izmantot, lai iejauktos ma\u0161\u012bnm\u0101c\u012b\u0161an\u0101s mode\u013cu izpild\u0113 un b\u016btiski (no 80% l\u012bdz 0,1%) samazin\u0101tu to sniegto rezult\u0101tu precizit\u0101ti, mainot tikai viena bita v\u0113rt\u012bbu.

\"GPUHammer<\/center> <\/p>\n

L\u012bdz \u0161im Rowhammer uzbrukumu veido\u0161ana videomemori\u0101m bija apgr\u016btin\u0101ta, jo bija gr\u016bti noteikt fizisko atmi\u0146as izk\u0101rtojumu GDDR mikrosh\u0113m\u0101s, piek\u013cuves aizture bija (\u010detri reizes l\u0113n\u0101ka) un atmi\u0146as atjauno\u0161anas frekvence bija augst\u0101ka. Turkl\u0101t p\u0113t\u012bjumu veik\u0161anu apgr\u016btin\u0101ja GDDR mikrosh\u0113m\u0101s izmantotie patent\u0113tie aizsardz\u012bbas meh\u0101nismi pret manipul\u0101cij\u0101m, kas noveda pie priek\u0161laic\u012bgas l\u0101di\u0146a zuduma, kuru anal\u012bzei bija nepiecie\u0161ams izveidot \u012bpa\u0161as test\u0113\u0161anas stenda uz FPGA b\u0101zes. <\/p>\n

Lai izp\u0113t\u012btu videomemoriju, p\u0113tnieki izstr\u0101d\u0101ja jaunu GDDR DRAM atgriezenisk\u0101s in\u017eenierijas tehniku, un pa\u0161\u0101 uzbrukum\u0101 tika izmantoti paral\u0113l\u0101 skait\u013co\u0161anas optimiz\u0101cijas l\u012bdzek\u013ci, kas kalpoja k\u0101 piek\u013cuves intensit\u0101tes pastiprin\u0101t\u0101ji atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m \u0161\u016bn\u0101m. Uzbrukuma veik\u0161anai uz NVIDIA GPU tika izmantots zemas l\u012bme\u0146a CUDA kods. <\/p>\n

CUDA lietot\u0101ja kod\u0101 netiek veikta piek\u013cuve fiziskaj\u0101m atmi\u0146as adres\u0113m, ta\u010du NVIDIA vad\u012bt\u0101j\u0101 notika virtu\u0101l\u0101s atmi\u0146as atspogu\u013co\u0161ana vien\u0101 un taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 fiziskaj\u0101 atmi\u0146\u0101, ko p\u0113tnieki izmantoja, lai apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101tu virtu\u0101l\u0101s atmi\u0146as ofsetu un noteiktu banku izk\u0101rtojumu. Piek\u013cuves anal\u012bze da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m atmi\u0146as bank\u0101m tika veikta, analiz\u0113jot aiztures, kas at\u0161\u0137\u012br\u0101s, piek\u013c\u016bstot vienai vai da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m bank\u0101m. <\/p>\n

Sist\u0113m\u0101s, kas kop\u012bgi izmanto GPU, piem\u0113ram, serverus<\/a> Ma\u0161\u012bnm\u0101c\u012b\u0161an\u0101s mode\u013cu izpildei uzbrukums \u013cauj vienam lietot\u0101jam main\u012bt cita lietot\u0101ja videomemori, kas satur datus. K\u0101 aizsardz\u012bbas pas\u0101kumu uz\u0146\u0113mums NVIDIA iesaka aktiviz\u0113t k\u013c\u016bdu kori\u0123\u0113\u0161anas kodus (ECC, Error Correction Codes) ar komandu «nvidia-smi -e 1» vai izmantot grafiskos procesorus, kas atbalsta OD-ECC (On-Die ECC), piem\u0113ram, GeForce RTX 50, RTX PRO, GB200, B200, B100, H100, H200, H20 un GH200. <\/p>\n

P\u0113c p\u0113tnieku datiem ECC aktiviz\u0113\u0161ana sist\u0113m\u0101s ar GPU A6000 samazina ma\u0161\u012bnm\u0101c\u012b\u0161an\u0101s re\u017e\u012bmu izpildes veiktsp\u0113ju aptuveni par 10% un samazina atmi\u0146as apjomu par 6.25%. Instrumenti uzbrukuma veik\u0161anai un zemo l\u012bme\u0146u videomemori izp\u0113tes veik\u0161anai sist\u0113m\u0101s ar NVIDIA GPU ir public\u0113ti GitHub. <\/p>\n

RowHammer uzbrukums \u013cauj izkrop\u013cot atsevi\u0161\u0137u DRAM atmi\u0146as bitu saturu, cikliski nolasot datus no blakus eso\u0161aj\u0101m atmi\u0146as \u0161\u016bn\u0101m. T\u0101 k\u0101 DRAM atmi\u0146a ir divdimensiju \u0161\u016bnu mas\u012bvs, kur katra \u0161\u016bna sast\u0101v no kondensatora un tranzistora, nep\u0101rtrauktas vienas un t\u0101s pa\u0161as atmi\u0146as zonas nolas\u012b\u0161anas veik\u0161ana noved pie sprieguma sv\u0101rst\u012bb\u0101m un anom\u0101lij\u0101m, kas izraisa nelielu uzl\u0101des zudumu blakus eso\u0161aj\u0101s \u0161\u016bn\u0101s. Ja nolas\u012b\u0161anas intensit\u0101te ir liela, tad blakus eso\u0161\u0101 \u0161\u016bna var zaud\u0113t pietiekami daudz uzl\u0101des, un n\u0101kamais atjauno\u0161anas cikls nespej atjaunot t\u0101s s\u0101kotn\u0113jo st\u0101vokli, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 main\u0101s saglab\u0101to datu v\u0113rt\u012bba \u0161\u016bn\u0101. <\/p>\n

Rowhammer uzbrukuma metode tika ierosin\u0101ta 2014. gad\u0101, p\u0113c kuras s\u0101k\u0101s ka\u0137u-un-peles sp\u0113le starp dro\u0161\u012bbas p\u0113tniekiem un iek\u0101rtu ra\u017eot\u0101jiem \u2014 mikrosh\u0113mu ra\u017eot\u0101ji cent\u0101s blo\u0137\u0113t ievainojam\u012bbu, kam\u0113r p\u0113tnieki atrada jaunus veidus, k\u0101 to apiet. Piem\u0113ram, k\u0101 aizsardz\u012bbas l\u012bdzekli pret Rowhammer mikrosh\u0113mu ra\u017eot\u0101ji pievienoja TRR (Target Row Refresh) meh\u0101nismu, ta\u010du izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s, ka tas blo\u0137\u0113 \u0161\u016bnu izkrop\u013cojumus tikai noteiktos gad\u012bjumos, bet nepasarg\u0101 no vis\u0101m uzbrukuma vari\u0101cij\u0101m. Uzbrukuma metodes tika izstr\u0101d\u0101tas DDR3, DDR4 un DDR5 mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101s ar Intel, AMD un ARM procesoriem. T\u0101pat tika atrasti veidi, k\u0101 apiet k\u013c\u016bdu korekciju ECC, un ieteikti varianti, k\u0101 uzbrukt t\u012bkl\u0101 un izmantojot JavaScript kodu p\u0101rl\u016bk\u0101.
\n
Avots: opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e 8 \u0431\u0438\u0442 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