{"id":139749,"date":"2025-07-28T17:11:54","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T15:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-16"},"modified":"2025-07-28T17:11:54","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T15:11:54","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-16","title":{"rendered":"Linux kodola 6.16 izlaidums","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0113c diviem att\u012bst\u012bbas m\u0113ne\u0161iem Linuss Torvalds prezent\u0113ja Linux 6.16 kodola izlai\u0161anu. Starp visiev\u0113rojam\u0101kaj\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m ir: OpenVPN pa\u0101trin\u0101juma draiveris, Kexec HandOver meh\u0101nisms, piecu l\u012bme\u0146u atmi\u0146as lapu tabulu iek\u013cau\u0161ana k\u0101 noklus\u0113jums x86 platform\u0101, DCCP protokola no\u0146em\u0161ana, zloop bloku draiveris, iesp\u0113ja s\u016bt\u012bt core dumps caur UNIX soketu, atom\u0101r\u0101 ieraksta atbalsts XFS, ska\u0146as offload apstr\u0101de USB ier\u012bc\u0113m, optimiz\u0101cijas Ext4, virtu\u0101lais TPM (Trusted Platform Module) draiveris, piln\u012bga Device Memory TCP realiz\u0101cija, iejauk\u0161an\u0101s kan\u0101lu atbalsts io_uring, sagatavo\u0161an\u0101s DRM draivera Asahi integr\u0101cijai, AMDGPU draivera 'usermode queue' meh\u0101nisms, Intel TDE (Trusted Domain Extensions) un Intel APE (Advanced Performance Extensions) atbalsts.    <\/p>\n<p>Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 ir 15924 labojumi no 2145 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, pl\u0101kstera izm\u0113rs ir 50 MB (izmai\u0146as sk\u0101ru\u0161as 13793 failus, pievienot\u0101s 655451 koda rindas, no\u0146emt\u0101s 316441 rindas). Iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 laidien\u0101 bija 15945 labojumi no 2154 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, pl\u0101kstera izm\u0113rs \u2013 59 MB. Aptuveni 45% no vis\u0101m 6.16 versij\u0101 prezent\u0113taj\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m ir saist\u012btas ar ier\u012b\u010du draiveriem, apm\u0113ram 16% izmai\u0146u attiecas uz aparat\u016bras arhitekt\u016br\u0101m specifisku koda atjauno\u0161anu, 13% saist\u012bti ar t\u012bkla steku, 4% \u2013 ar failu sist\u0113m\u0101m un 3% \u2013 ar kodola iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101m.       <\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101s jaun\u0101s funkcijas kodol\u0101 6.16:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Disku apak\u0161sist\u0113ma, I\/O un failu sist\u0113mas<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots zloop draiveris, lai izveidotu zon\u0113tus blokveida loopback ier\u012bces, kas mont\u0113tas loop re\u017e\u012bm\u0101. Draiveris imit\u0113 parasto blokier\u012b\u010du darb\u012bbu, izmantojot vair\u0101kus failus no eso\u0161\u0101s failu sist\u0113mas (pa vienam failam katrai zonai). \u0160\u012b iesp\u0113ja var b\u016bt noder\u012bga, lai test\u0113tu failu sist\u0113mas, ier\u012bces mapperi un lietotnes, p\u0101rbaudot, vai t\u0101s atbalsta zon\u0113t\u0101s ier\u012bces, kas izmanto blokgrupu vai sektoru zon\u0113\u0161anu, kur tiek pie\u013cauta tikai sec\u012bga datu pievieno\u0161ana ar visu bloku grupu atjauno\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> XFS failu sist\u0113m\u0101 ir ieviests atbalsts atom\u0101riem ierakstiem lielu datu partiju apstr\u0101d\u0113 \u2013 tagad vair\u0101kus blokus var ierakst\u012bt atom\u0101r\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 (vai nu visi bloki tiks ierakst\u012bti veiksm\u012bgi, vai ar\u012b neviens bloks netiks ierakst\u012bts).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ext4 failu sist\u0113m\u0101 ir uzlabota 'fast commit' meh\u0101nisma veiktsp\u0113ja. Ir pievienots atbalsts lieliem atmi\u0146as lapu folijiem (large folios) parastajiem failiem, kas testos palielin\u0101ja veiktsp\u0113ju par 37% intens\u012bv\u0101 sec\u012bg\u0101 ievades\/izvades proces\u0101. Pievienots atbalsts atom\u0101raj\u0101m ieraksta oper\u0101cij\u0101m, kas aptver vair\u0101kus blokus.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ext2 failu sist\u0113mas draiver\u012b ir pasludin\u0101ts par novecojusi atbalsts DAX meh\u0101nismam, kas nodro\u0161ina tie\u0161u piek\u013cuvi FS, apejot lapu ke\u0161atmi\u0146u. DAX iz\u0146em\u0161ana no ext2 draivera pl\u0101nota gada beig\u0101s. Iemesls ir uzskats, ka ext2 draiveris ir stabila etalona \u012bsteno\u0161ana, kur\u0101 nav pie\u013caujamas specifiskas iesp\u0113jas, kas nav guvu\u0161as pietiekamu izplat\u012bbu.\n<li class=\"l\"> OrangeFS, UFS, BFS un OMFS failu sist\u0113mas ir p\u0101rg\u0101ju\u0161as uz jaun\u0101 API sadal\u012bjumu mont\u0113\u0161anai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sysctl ir pievienota iestat\u012bjums vfs_cache_pressure_denom, lai p\u0101rvald\u012btu d\u0113\u013cu 'dentry' (iek\u0161\u0113jais katalogu elementu att\u0113lojums) ierakstu skaitu ke\u0161atmi\u0146\u0101, sist\u0113mas atmi\u0146as tr\u016bkuma apst\u0101k\u013cos. Jo liel\u0101ks ir iestat\u012bjums, jo vair\u0101k ierakstu var tikt izdz\u0113sti no ke\u0161atmi\u0146as (maz\u0101k ierakstu paliks ke\u0161atmi\u0146\u0101) pie atmi\u0146as tr\u016bkuma.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bcachefs sist\u0113m\u0101 ir pievienota opcija \u00abrebalance_on_ac_only\u00bb, kas aizliedz veikt rebalan\u010du un fona saspie\u0161anas oper\u0101cijas, kad sist\u0113ma darbojas no akumulatora. Ir pa\u0101trin\u0101tas snapshots un ier\u012b\u010du dz\u0113\u0161anas oper\u0101cijas. Samazin\u0101ta atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161, piek\u013c\u016bstot tikai las\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101. Ir pievienota iesp\u0113ja uzs\u0101kt da\u017eas atjauno\u0161anas oper\u0101cijas fona re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, nep\u0101rtraucot darbu ar failu sist\u0113mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jaudas p\u0101rvald\u012bbas apak\u0161sist\u0113mai ir at\u013cauts patst\u0101v\u012bgi veikt failu sist\u0113mu un EFI main\u012bgo sasal\u0161anu gaido\u0161ajos un miegainajos re\u017e\u012bmos (ja FS jau ir sasalusi ar apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ja pal\u012bdz\u012bbu, atk\u0101rtota sasal\u0161ana netiek veikta).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienota iesp\u0113ja pa\u0101trin\u0101t EROFS darbu ar Intel procesoros ieb\u016bv\u0113to QAT (QuickAssist Technology) pa\u0101trin\u0101t\u0101ju, kas pied\u0101v\u0101 l\u012bdzek\u013cus, kas ietekm\u0113 saspie\u0161anas un \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas apr\u0113\u0137inu pa\u0101trin\u0101\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> NFS ir palielin\u0101ts maksim\u0101lais datu da\u013cas lielums las\u012b\u0161anas un rakst\u012b\u0161anas oper\u0101cij\u0101m no 1 l\u012bdz 4 MB (p\u0101rliecin\u0101ta v\u0113rt\u012bba ir 1 MB, jo ne visi klienti atbalsta liel\u0101ku izm\u0113ru).\n<li class=\"l\"> Nepieejami lietot\u0101jiem, kuriem ir CAP_SYS_ADMIN ties\u012bbas atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 lietot\u0101ja identifikatoru nosaukumu telp\u0101 (user namespace), bet kuriem nav papla\u0161in\u0101to ties\u012bbu pamatnosaukumu telp\u0101, ir pie\u0161\u0137irta iesp\u0113ja izmantot fanotify meh\u0101nismu, lai uzraudz\u012btu izmai\u0146as failu sist\u0113m\u0101s.\n<li class=\"l\"> Failu sist\u0113m\u0101m, kas izmanto FUSE apak\u0161t\u012bklu, ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta funkcionalit\u0101te, lai kop\u012bgi izt\u012br\u012btu visus ke\u0161atmi\u0146as ierakstus par katalogiem (dentries). FUSE apak\u0161t\u012bkl\u0101 ir iek\u013cauta atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te lieliem atmi\u0146as lapu svariem.\n<li class=\"l\"> OverlayFS failu sist\u0113m\u0101 ir ieviesta atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te neprivili\u0123\u0113tos nosaukumu telp\u0101s datu sl\u0101\u0146u izveido\u0161anai, kuru integrit\u0101ti kontrol\u0113 dm-verity modulis. \u0160\u012b iesp\u0113ja \u013cauj kombin\u0113t uzticamus sl\u0101\u0146us ar metadatiem un neuzticamus sl\u0101\u0146us ar datiem, kas tiek apstr\u0101d\u0101ti neprivili\u0123\u0113tos nosaukumu telp\u0101s.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Atmi\u0146a un sist\u0113mas pakalpojumi<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots KHO (Kexec HandOver) meh\u0101nisms, kas \u013cauj palaist jaunu kodolu no vec\u0101 bez sist\u0113mas st\u0101vok\u013ca zuduma. Pirms vad\u012bbas nodo\u0161anas jaun\u0101 kodola versijai, svar\u012bgo kodola apak\u0161t\u012bklu st\u0101voklis, izmantojot KHO, var tikt serializ\u0113ts atmi\u0146as viet\u0101, kas netiks ietekm\u0113ta turpm\u0101kaj\u0101s oper\u0101cij\u0101s. Jaunais kodols, uz\u0146emot kontroli, atjauno serializ\u0113to st\u0101vokli atpaka\u013c. KHO pamata tiek att\u012bst\u012bts Live Update Orchestrator (LUO) apak\u0161t\u012bkl\u0101, kas \u013cauj restart\u0113t kodolu bez ier\u012b\u010du darb\u012bbas aptur\u0113\u0161anas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots kodola konfigur\u0101cijas parametrs CONFIG_X86_NATIVE, kas \u013cauj kompil\u0101cijas laik\u0101 izmantot opciju \u00ab-march=native\u00bb optimiz\u0101cijai, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101s sist\u0113mas procesora iesp\u0113jas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir ieviesta atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te Intel APX (Advanced Performance Extension) komandu kopas arhitekt\u016brai, kas nodro\u0161ina 16 papildu visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s lieto\u0161anas re\u0123istrus (papildus 16 eso\u0161ajiem), \u013caujot kod\u0101 izmantot maz\u0101k las\u012b\u0161anas un rakst\u012b\u0161anas darb\u012bbu uz atmi\u0146u, lai uzlabotu veiktsp\u0113ju un samazin\u0101tu ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots autom\u0101tisk\u0101s atmi\u0146as sadales politikas konfigur\u0101cijas re\u017e\u012bms NUMA sist\u0113m\u0101s, kur\u0101 visu mezglu svari tiek p\u0101rskait\u012bti, kad par\u0101d\u0101s jauna inform\u0101cija par caurlaidsp\u0113ju, kad sist\u0113ma tiek iel\u0101d\u0113ta vai karsti pievienojot atmi\u0146u.\n<li class=\"l\"> Futex realiz\u0101cij\u0101 tiek ieviesta atbalsts lok\u0101lajai procesu ha\u0161a tabulai (local futex_hash_bucket), kas, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no iepriek\u0161 atbalst\u012bt\u0101s kop\u0113j\u0101s ha\u0161a tabulas visiem procesiem, ir lok\u0101la konkr\u0113tam procesam un kop\u012bgi izmantojama vis\u0101m \u0161\u012b procesa pavedien\u0101m. Lok\u0101l\u0101s ha\u0161a tabulas tiek izmantotas tikai futex oper\u0101cij\u0101m PROCESS_PRIVATE. Turkl\u0101t jaunaj\u0101 laidien\u0101 ir pievienots atbalsts opcij\u0101m FUTEX2_NUMA un FUTEX2_MPOL, kas \u013cauj ietekm\u0113t futex izvietojumu atmi\u0146\u0101, tuv\u0101k procesiem, kuri tos izmanto.\n<li class=\"l\"> X86_64 sist\u0113m\u0101m ir ieviests past\u0101v\u012bgs atbalsts piecu l\u012bme\u0146u atmi\u0146as lapu tabul\u0101m (CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL parametrs, kas kontrol\u0113ja piecu l\u012bme\u0146u tabulu iesl\u0113g\u0161anu, ir no\u0146emts).\n<li class=\"l\"> Intel_pstate draiver\u012b, kas p\u0101rvalda ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a parametrus (P-st\u0101voklis) sist\u0113m\u0101s ar Intel procesoriem, ir pievienota atbalsts ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u apzin\u0101\u0161anai balst\u012btaj\u0101m uzdevumu pl\u0101no\u0161anas metod\u0113m (EAS \u2014 Energy Aware Scheduling) hibr\u012bdos procesoros, kas apvieno augstas veiktsp\u0113jas un energoefekt\u012bvus CPU kodolus, piem\u0113ram, Intel Lunar Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sysfs ir pievienoti interfeisi: \u00ab\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/cpuN\/cpu_capacity\u00bb inform\u0101cijai par da\u017e\u0101du CPU iesp\u0113j\u0101m hibr\u012bdo procesoru strukt\u016br\u0101s un \u00ab\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/cpuidle\/intel_c1_demotion\u00bb lai p\u0101rvald\u012btu iesp\u0113ju atst\u0101t CPU augstas veiktsp\u0113jas st\u0101vokl\u012b, pat ja kodols cen\u0161as p\u0101rcelt CPU uz zem\u0101ku ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a st\u0101vokli (piem\u0113ram, kodols var piepras\u012bt p\u0101reju uz C6 ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a st\u0101vokli, bet, ja CPU tiek bie\u017ei modin\u0101ts, aparat\u016bras programmat\u016bra var to atst\u0101t C1 st\u0101vokl\u012b).\n<li class=\"l\"> ARM64 arhitekt\u016brai ir iek\u013cauts atbalsts l\u0113nas ieie\u0161anas uzdevumu re\u017e\u012bmam (PREEMPT_LAZY), kas atbilst piln\u012bgas ieie\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bmam (\u00abfull preemption\u00bb) re\u0101l\u0101 laika uzdevumiem (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), bet kav\u0113 parasto uzdevumu (SCHED_NORMAL) ieie\u0161anu l\u012bdz takta robe\u017eai.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARM64 arhitekt\u016brai ir pievienots atbalsts SME (Scalable Matrix Extension) papla\u0161in\u0101jumu izmanto\u0161anai, kas tiek aktiviz\u0113ta, izmantojot CONFIG_ARM64_SME parametru.\n<li class=\"l\">  Turpin\u0101ta izmai\u0146u p\u0101rcel\u0161ana no Rust-for-Linux zara, kas saist\u012btas ar Rust valodas izmanto\u0161anu k\u0101 otro valodu draiveru un kodola modu\u013cu izstr\u0101d\u0113 (Rust atbalsts p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma nav aktiviz\u0113ts un neietekm\u0113 Rust iek\u013cau\u0161anu oblig\u0101to kodola b\u016bvniec\u012bbas atkar\u012bbu sarakst\u0101). Modu\u013ciem, kas uzrakst\u012bti Rust valod\u0101, ir iesp\u0113jams izmantot configfs. Tika pievienotas abstrakcijas, kas nepiecie\u0161amas grafisko draiveru izstr\u0101d\u0113. Tika papla\u0161in\u0101tas modu\u013cu alloc, time, str, list, workqueue un page iesp\u0113jas. Tika pievienots atbalsts makros 'assert!' KUnit b\u0101z\u0113tajos testos. Tika pievienots abstrakciju kopums CPU frekvences p\u0101rvald\u012bbai un ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a p\u0101rvald\u012bbas API izmanto\u0161anai. Tika pievienots atbalsts datu strukt\u016brai 'xarray'.\n<li class=\"l\"> RISC-V arhitekt\u016brai tiek p\u0101rvietota sist\u0113mas izsaukuma getrandom() \u012bsteno\u0161ana, kas optimiz\u0113ta, izmantojot vDSO (virtu\u0101l\u0101 dinamisk\u0101 koplietojam\u0101 objekta) meh\u0101nismu, \u013caujot p\u0101rcelt sist\u0113mas izsaukuma apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju no kodola uz lietot\u0101ja telpu un izvair\u012bties no konteksta mai\u0146\u0101m. Veiktajos testos optimiz\u0101cija 17 reizes pa\u0101trin\u0101ja nejau\u0161u skait\u013cu ieg\u016b\u0161anu. RISC-V ar\u012b ir \u012bstenots atbalsts vektoru papla\u0161in\u0101jumiem Zicbop, Zabha un Svinval, kas tiek izmantoti SiFive procesoros.\n<li class=\"l\"> LoongArch arhitekt\u016bras CPU skaita limits sist\u0113m\u0101 palielin\u0101ts no 256 l\u012bdz 2048. Pievienots uzdevumu pl\u0101no\u0161anas SCHED_MC (Multi-core) atbalsts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota Unix-soketu izmanto\u0161anas iesp\u0113ja failu descriptoru p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai. Lai atsp\u0113jotu \u0161\u0101du iesp\u0113ju, programmas var izmantot setsockopt() opciju SO_PASSRIGHTS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nodro\u0161in\u0101ta iesp\u0113ja mapp\u0113t ri\u0146\u0137a buferi, kas tiek izmantots kodola darb\u012bbas izseko\u0161anai, lietot\u0101ja telpas atmi\u0146\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Koda crash-dump apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji, kas tiek izmantoti probl\u0113mu zi\u0146ojuma veido\u0161anai p\u0113c kodola av\u0101rijas, tagad var izmantot av\u0101rijas l\u0101des LUKS atsl\u0113gas, lai saglab\u0101tu crash d\u00e4mpus \u0161ifr\u0113t\u0101s failu sist\u0113m\u0101s.\n<li class=\"l\"> Asinhronaj\u0101 ievades\/izvades sist\u0113m\u0101 io_uring pievienota oper\u0101cija IORING_OP_PIPE neizmantoto cauru\u013cu izveidei, kas ir l\u012bdz\u012bga sist\u0113mas izsaukumam pipe2, iz\u0146emot fix\u0113to failu descriptoru atbalstu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika pievienota kodola komandrindas opcija 'rt_group_sched' grupas realtime uzdevumu (SCHED_RR) izpildes pl\u0101not\u0101ja aktiviz\u0113\u0161anai. Opcija ir l\u012bdz\u012bga RT_GROUP_SCHED iestat\u012bjumam Kconfig.\n<li class=\"l\"> CXL (Compute Express Link) b\u0101zes ier\u012bc\u0113m, kas izmantotas augstas veiktsp\u0113jas CPU un atmi\u0146as ier\u012b\u010du mijiedarb\u012bbai, ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ta RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability) papla\u0161in\u0101jumu atbalsts, kas \u013cauj \u012bstenot da\u017e\u0101das k\u013c\u016bdu noteik\u0161anas un kori\u0123\u0113\u0161anas sh\u0113mas. CXL \u013cauj pievienot jaunas atmi\u0146as jomas, kuras pied\u0101v\u0101 \u0101r\u0113jas atmi\u0146as ier\u012bces, un izmantot t\u0101s k\u0101 papildu resursus fizisk\u0101s adres\u0101cijas telp\u0101, lai papla\u0161in\u0101tu sist\u0113mas operat\u012bvo atmi\u0146u (DDR) vai past\u0101v\u012bgo atmi\u0146u (PMEM).\n<li class=\"l\"> Nepiecie\u0161am\u0101 minim\u0101l\u0101 GCC versija kodola sast\u0101d\u012b\u0161anai vis\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m ir paaugstin\u0101ta l\u012bdz GCC 8 zariem. Tagad kodola sast\u0101d\u012b\u0161anai ir nepiecie\u0161ama ar\u012b vismaz versija binutils 2.30.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika no\u0146emta sist\u0113mas izsaukums uselib(), kas jau ilgi tika atz\u012bts par novecoju\u0161u, un t\u0101 viet\u0101 kopshared library piek\u013cuvei tiek izmantots mmap().                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u0101cija un dro\u0161\u012bba<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika pievienots s\u0101kotn\u0113jais atbalsts Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) meh\u0101nisma izmanto\u0161anai, lai aizsarg\u0101tu viesu sist\u0113mas, kas darbojas uz KVM hipervizora, no viesu sist\u0113mas administratoru iejauk\u0161an\u0101s un fizisk\u0101m uzbrukumiem ekip\u0113jumam. Aizsardz\u012bba tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta, \u0161ifr\u0113jot atmi\u0146u. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2021\">virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika pievienots virtu\u0101lais TPM (Trusted Platform Module) draiveris, kas \u013cauj virtu\u0101laj\u0101m ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101m mijiedarboties ar TPM ier\u012bc\u0113m, ko emul\u0113 SVSM (Secure VM Service Module).\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika atjaunota iesp\u0113ja izmantot GCC spraudni randstruct, kas randomiz\u0113 datu strukt\u016bru izk\u0101rtojumu kompil\u0101cijas laik\u0101, lai apgr\u016btin\u0101tu ievainojam\u012bbu izmanto\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika pievienota IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) tehnolo\u0123ijas izmanto\u0161anas iesp\u0113ja, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu integrit\u0101ti, palai\u017eot jaunus kodolus, izmantojot sist\u0113mas izsaukumu kexec.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika veikti pas\u0101kumi, lai samazin\u0101tu SELinux ietekmi uz veiktsp\u0113ju. Lai pa\u0101trin\u0101tu darbu, tika pievienota ke\u0161atmi\u0146a ar piek\u013cuves p\u0101rbaudes rezult\u0101tiem katalogiem. Genfscon noteikumos tika pievienota masku izmanto\u0161ana.\n<li class=\"l\"> Efi saskarsm\u0113 ar kodu tika sniegta iesp\u0113ja iek\u013caut SBAT (UEFI Secure Boot Advanced Targeting) sada\u013cu ar metadatiem par atsaukt\u0101m boot komponentu versij\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iel\u0101d\u0113jamos modu\u013cos tika veikts sekcijas '.static_call_sites' p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161ana par tikai las\u0101mu re\u017e\u012bmu p\u0113c inicializ\u0101cijas pabeig\u0161anas.\n<li class=\"l\"> 64 bit ARM sist\u0113m\u0101m KVM hipervizor\u0101 ir ieviesta atbalsts ieliktajai virtualiz\u0101cijai (p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma atsl\u0113gts).\n<li class=\"l\"> KVM hipervizor\u0101 ir pasludin\u0101ts stabils atbalsts RISC-V arhitekt\u016brai.                                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>T\u012bkla subsist\u0113ma<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Iek\u013cauts ovpn draiveris, kas b\u016btiski pa\u0101trina OpenVPN veiktsp\u0113ju, p\u0101rvietojot \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas, pakot\u0146u apstr\u0101des un sakaru p\u0101rvald\u012bbas oper\u0101cijas uz Linux kodolu. Draiveris \u013cauj izvair\u012bties no p\u0101rsl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s izmaks\u0101m, optimiz\u0113jot darbu, tie\u0161i piek\u013c\u016bstot kodola iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m API un nov\u0113r\u0161ot l\u0113nu datu p\u0101rraidi starp kodolu un lietot\u0101ja telpu (\u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana, at\u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana un mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161ana tiek veikta moduli bez datu pl\u016bsmas s\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas uz lietot\u0101ja telpu apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju).\n<li class=\"l\"> Device Memory TCP meh\u0101nism\u0101 ir pievienots atbalsts datu nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai no ier\u012bces atmi\u0146as (TX ce\u013c\u0161). Iepriek\u0161, lai atvieglotu Device Memory TCP integr\u0101ciju kodol\u0101, funkcionalit\u0101te bija ierobe\u017eota tikai uz datu pie\u0146em\u0161anu (RX ce\u013c\u0161). Device Memory TCP \u013cauj izmantot t\u012bkla soketus tie\u0161ai ier\u012bces atmi\u0146as satura nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai pa t\u012bklu (zero-copy re\u017e\u012bms), k\u0101 ar\u012b tie\u0161ai t\u012bkla paketu satura ievieto\u0161anai ier\u012bces atmi\u0146as jom\u0101 sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja pus\u0113. P\u0101rs\u016bt\u012btie dati tiek nos\u016bt\u012bti no t\u012bkla kartes uz perif\u0113r\u0101s ier\u012bces atmi\u0146u (DMABUF), piem\u0113ram, video atmi\u0146u GPU, vai tie\u0161i no ier\u012bces atmi\u0146as uz t\u012bkla karti, apejot CPU, bet paketa galvenes non\u0101k parastajos kodola buferos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iesp\u0113ja s\u016bt\u012bt core dump saturu caur AF_UNIX soketu ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta, \u013caujot lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101 izveidot dro\u0161\u0101kas core dump apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jus, kas nav atkar\u012bgi no kodola privile\u0123\u0113to procesu izsaukumiem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atbalsts DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol) t\u012bkla protokolam ir iz\u0146ems, jo tas nav guvis izplat\u012bbu un piecus gadus palicis kodol\u0101 bez apkop\u0161anas. DCCP iz\u0146em\u0161ana no kodola nov\u0113rs\u012bs \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cus, kas trauc\u0113 p\u0101rdizain\u0113t inet_connection_sock datu strukt\u016bru, lai uzlabotu TCP staka efektivit\u0101ti. Atbalsts netfilter modu\u013ciem DCCP pakot\u0146u filtr\u0113\u0161anai ir saglab\u0101ts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lai vienk\u0101r\u0161otu k\u013c\u016bdu apstr\u0101di, lietojot soketus, SO_PEERPIDFD, kodols tagad var nodot pidfd jau pabeigt\u0101m procesiem (pidfd ir saist\u012bts ar konkr\u0113tiem procesiem un, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no pid, netiek atk\u0101rtoti pie\u0161\u0137irts).\n<li class=\"l\"> Izmantojot BPF, tagad var izveidot paketu apstr\u0101des rindas (qdiscs) t\u012bkla stek\u0101, lai ietekm\u0113tu t\u012bkla paketu apstr\u0101des sec\u012bbu.\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u012bkla failu sist\u0113m\u0101 AFS tiek izmantots GSSAPI (Generic Security Services API) savienojumu \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rvald\u012bbai ar <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"serveriem\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3430\">serveriem<\/a> YFS un OpenAFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Veiktas b\u016btiskas optimiz\u0101cijas. P\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101ta blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas organiz\u0101cija IPv6 mar\u0161rutu tabul\u0101m (da\u017eas darb\u012bbas ar mar\u0161rutiem tagad tiek veiktas l\u012bdz 3 reizes \u0101tr\u0101k). Pa\u0101trin\u0101ta programmatisk\u0101 crc32c kontrolsummu apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161ana. GRO dzin\u0113js tunel\u0113tam UDP satiksmei ir pa\u0101trin\u0101ts par 10%. Uzlabota autom\u0101tisk\u0101 iestat\u012b\u0161ana pie\u0146em\u0161anas buferim TCP un palielin\u0101ti p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma piem\u0113rojamie ierobe\u017eojumi (veiktajos testos caurlaid\u012bba modes pl\u016bsm\u0101m 200Gbs kan\u0101l\u0101 palielin\u0101j\u0101s par 60%).\n<li class=\"l\"> Netfilter pievienota iesp\u0113ja izmantot maskas t\u012bkla ier\u012b\u010du nosaukumos, kuras tiek izmantotas netdev un flowtable. Infrastrukt\u016br\u0101 nft trace integr\u0113ta inform\u0101cija par savienojumu uzraudz\u012bbu (conntrack). Pa\u0101trin\u0101ta savienojumu uzraudz\u012bbas tabulu (conntrack) ieg\u016b\u0161ana caur procfs.      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Apr\u012bkojums<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te audio pl\u016bsmu apstr\u0101des p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai uz USB ier\u012b\u010du pusi (USB audio offload). \u0160is main\u012bjums iev\u0113rojami samazina portat\u012bvo ier\u012b\u010du ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u, turpinot audio pl\u016bsmas apstr\u0101di, kam\u0113r p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 sist\u0113ma ir miega re\u017e\u012bm\u0101. Iepriek\u0161 Android platformas kodolos tika nodro\u0161in\u0101ta specifiska audio offload apstr\u0101de USB ier\u012bc\u0113m, bet tagad galvenaj\u0101 kodol\u0101 ir par\u0101d\u012bjusies univers\u0101la izpilde, ko var izmantot jebkuri projekti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Turpin\u0101ta Nova draivera komponentu integr\u0101cija NVIDIA GPU, kas apr\u012bkoti ar GSP aparat\u016bras programm\u0101m, s\u0101kot ar NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 s\u0113riju, kas balst\u012bta uz Turing mikroarsitekt\u016bru. Draiveris rakst\u012bts Rust valod\u0101. Papildus iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 laidiena pievienotajai nova-core komponentai, kas \u012bsteno pamatabstrakcijas p\u0101r GSP aparat\u016bras programm\u0101m, versij\u0101 6.16 iek\u013cauta s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 DRM draivera nova-drm (Direct Rendering Manager) implement\u0101cija, lai mijiedarbotos ar GPU no lietot\u0101ja telpas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzs\u0101kts Asahi DRM draivera virz\u012bbas process Apple AGX GPU, kas tiek izmantoti Apple Silicon mikrosh\u0113m\u0101s. Draiveris rakst\u012bts Rust valod\u0101. Pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 posm\u0101 kodol\u0101 iek\u013cautas tikai galvene faila UAPI no Asahi draivera, kas nepiecie\u0161ams Mesa, bet galvenais Asahi draivera kods tiks integr\u0113ts v\u0113l\u0101k.\n<li class=\"l\"> Draiver\u012b Nouveau pievienota atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te NVIDIA Hopper un Blackwell GPU s\u0113rij\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Turpin\u0101ta darba att\u012bst\u012bba pie Intel Xe arhitekt\u016bras DRM draivera (Direct Rendering Manager), kas tiek izmantots Intel Arc grafiskaj\u0101s kart\u0113s un integr\u0113taj\u0101 grafik\u0101, s\u0101kot ar Tiger Lake procesoriem. Pievienota iesp\u0113ja izmantot da\u017e\u0101dus aparat\u016bras programmu failus da\u017e\u0101diem Intel GPU \u0123ime\u0146u mode\u013ciem.\n<li class=\"l\"> AMDGPU draiver\u012b ir ieviests 'usermode queue' meh\u0101nisma atbalsts, kas \u013cauj izveidot savu darbu rindas lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101 un nos\u016bt\u012bt tos tie\u0161i GPU bez p\u0101rejas uz kodola pl\u0101not\u0101ju. 'Usermode queue' atbalsts ir iek\u013cauts GPU Navi 4X un GFX 12.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika pievienots atbalsts Intel WCL (Whiskey Lake) audio sist\u0113m\u0101m, AMD ACP 7.x (Audio Co-Processor), Cirrus Logic CS35L63 un CS48L32, Everest Semiconductor ES8375 un ES8389, Pioneer DJM-V10, Longsoon-1 AC'97, NVIDIA Tegra264, Richtek ALC203, RT9123 un Rockchip SAI, k\u0101 ar\u012b jauniem Intel AVS platform\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots atbalsts ARM platform\u0101m, SoC un ier\u012bc\u0113m: Samsung Exynos7870, Qualcomm Snapdragon X1P42100, Qualcomm MSM8926, RK3562, NXP i.MX94, Renesas RZ\/V2N, Amlogic S6\/S7\/S7D, WonderMedia wm8950, Amlogic s805y, Allwinner A523, Toradex Verdin AM62P, ROCK 5B+, Nitrogen8M Plus, Retronix R-Car V4H Sparrow Hawk, MT8186 Ponyta Chromebook, VIA APC Rock\/Paper, Renesas rz\/t2h, ASUS Transformer Pad LTE TF300TL, LG Nexus 4, Google Pixel 4a, Raspberry Pi 2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz\u0146emts draiveris video ieraksta kart\u0113m, kas balst\u012btas uz STA2X11 mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m.                    <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vienlaikus Lat\u012b\u0146amerikas Br\u012bv\u0101s programmat\u016bras fonds ir izveidojis piln\u012bb\u0101 br\u012bvas kodola 6.16 variantu \u2014 Linux-libre 6.16-gnu, kas not\u012br\u012bts no elementiem, kas satur nenodro\u0161in\u0101tas sast\u0101vda\u013cas vai kodola fragmentus, kuru izmanto\u0161ana ir ierobe\u017eota ra\u017eot\u0101ja noteikumu d\u0113\u013c. 6.16 izlaidums nov\u0113r\u0161 bloku iel\u0101di jaunos Intel qat 6xxx crypto, ST vd55g1 sensor, ath12k AHB wifi, Aeonsemi AS21xxx un MediaTek 25Gb Ethernet draiveros. Tika veikta bloku nosaukumu t\u012br\u012b\u0161ana dts failos (devicetree) Qualcomm un MediaTek ARM mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m. Tika atjaunin\u0101ts bloku t\u012br\u012b\u0161anas kods Nova Core, Nouveau, Realtek r8169 Ethernet, Qualcomm Iris, Venus, Mediatek mt7996 wifi, Qualcomm ath11k un ath12k wifi, Texas Instruments tas2781 un Renesas R-Car gen4 PCIe draiveros.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63632\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.16. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f OpenVPN, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c Kexec HandOver, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f x86, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 DCCP, \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 zloop, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 core-\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 UNIX-\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 XFS, offload-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f USB-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 Ext4, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-139749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta 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