{"id":150190,"date":"2025-12-01T11:11:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T09:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-18"},"modified":"2025-12-01T11:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T09:11:58","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-18","title":{"rendered":"Linux kodola 6.18 izlaidums","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0113c divu m\u0113ne\u0161u izstr\u0101des Linuss Torvalds prezent\u0113ja Linux 6.18 kodola izlaidumu. Starp iev\u0113rojam\u0101kajiem uzlabojumiem ir: dm-pcache diska ke\u0161atmi\u0146as izmanto\u0161anai ilgsto\u0161\u0101 atmi\u0146\u0101 (PMEM), Bcachefs no\u0146em\u0161ana, XFS tie\u0161saistes p\u0101rbaudes re\u017e\u012bms, Binder (Android IPC) un Tyr (GPU Mali) draiveri uz Rust, iesp\u0113ja izveidot USB draiverus uz Rust, SLUB atmi\u0146as allocator ke\u0161atmi\u0146as optimiz\u0101cija, adres\u0113\u0161ana nosaukumu telp\u0101s ar failu identifikatoriem, swap darb\u012bbas pa\u0101trin\u0101\u0161ana, BPF programmu verifik\u0101cija ar digit\u0101lo parakstu, Intel CET virtualiz\u0101cija KVM, PSP t\u012bkla protokols (hibr\u012bds TLS un IPsec), AccECN IP papla\u0161in\u0101juma atbalsts, UDP steka optimiz\u0101cija.       <\/p>\n<p>Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 ir pie\u0146emti 15035 labojumi no 2217 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, un pl\u0101ksteris ir 45 MB (izmai\u0146as sk\u0101ru\u0161as 13142 failus, pievienotas 601897 rindas koda un izdz\u0113stas 355006 rindas). Iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 laidien\u0101 bija 14334 labojumi no 2118 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, pl\u0101ksteris ir 46 MB. Aptuveni 40% no vis\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m, kas pied\u0101v\u0101tas 6.18, attiecas uz ier\u012b\u010du draiveriem, aptuveni 16% izmai\u0146u attiecas uz aparat\u016bras arhitekt\u016brai specifisk\u0101 koda atjaunin\u0101\u0161anu, 12% ir saist\u012bti ar t\u012bkla steku, 5% \u2013 ar failu sist\u0113m\u0101m un 3% \u2013 ar iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m kodola subsist\u0113m\u0101m.      <\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101s jaun\u0101s funkcijas kodol\u0101 6.18 (1, 2, 3):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Disku apak\u0161sist\u0113ma, I\/O un failu sist\u0113mas<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Device Mapper ir pievienots dm-pcache apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101js, kas izmanto past\u0101v\u012bgo atmi\u0146u (CXL atmi\u0146a, adres\u0113ta caur DAX ier\u012bci) k\u0101 papildu augstas veiktsp\u0113jas ke\u0161u pirms l\u0113n\u0101k\u0101m tradicion\u0101laj\u0101m diska vai zibatmi\u0146as ier\u012bc\u0113m. Dm-pcache nodro\u0161ina ke\u0161a satura saglab\u0101\u0161anu av\u0101rijas gad\u012bjum\u0101 (crash-safe), izmantojot ilgsto\u0161u atmi\u0146u, metadatu dubl\u0113\u0161anu un datu un metadatu integrit\u0101tes p\u0101rbaudi, izmantojot CRC32 kontrolsummas. Patlaban tiek atbalst\u012bta tikai ke\u0161atmi\u0146as izmanto\u0161ana atpaka\u013crakst\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 (write-back).\n<li class=\"l\"> No kodola ir no\u0146emts Bcachefs failu sist\u0113mas kods, kas tagad tiks izplat\u012bts k\u0101 \u0101r\u0113js modulis, ko var izveidot, izmantojot DKMS (Dinamisk\u0101 kodola modu\u013cu atbalsts) r\u012bku komplektu. Bcachefs kods var tikt atgriezts kodol\u0101 p\u0113c tam, kad Kents Overstr\u012bts patiesi pier\u0101d\u012bs iesp\u0113ju pareizi sadarboties ar citiem kodola izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem un sp\u0113ju iev\u0113rot izstr\u0101des regulu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Izsist\u0113miskaj\u0101 izsaukum\u0101 pwritev2() pievienots karogs RWF_NOSIGNAL, kas atsl\u0113dz SIGPIPE sign\u0101la s\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu, rakstot izsistajos neizsak\u0101majos kan\u0101los vai soketos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Procfs ir pievienota mont\u0113\u0161anas opcija \u00abpidns\u00bb, lai nor\u0101d\u012btu procesu identifikatora (PID namespace) nosac\u012bjumus. Piem\u0113ram: \u00abmount -t proc -o pidns=\\\/proc\\\/self\\\/ns\\\/pid proc \\\/tmp\\\/proc\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> XFS atz\u012bta par stabilu un p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma iek\u013cauta iesp\u0113ja izmantot fsck util\u012btu probl\u0113mu p\u0101rbaudei un labojumam tie\u0161saistes re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, nep\u0101rmont\u0113jot failu sist\u0113mu. Pievienoti sist\u0113miskie izsaukumi file_getattr un file_setattr, lai main\u012btu \u012bpa\u0161o failu (jebkura inode) atrib\u016btu. KConfig p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma atsp\u0113jotas XFS_SUPPORT_V4 (4. versija XFS) un XFS_SUPPORT_ASCII_CI (ASCII simbolu neatkar\u012bg\u0101 re\u017e\u012bma) opcijas, kas ir atz\u012btas par novecoju\u0161\u0101m. No\u0146emti novecoju\u0161ie mont\u0113\u0161anas iestat\u012bjumi attr2, noattr2, ikeep un noikeep.\n<li class=\"l\"> MD RAID ir ieviests jauns bitu kartes veids \u2013 llbitmap (lockless bitmap), kas darbojas bez blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas un nodro\u0161ina augst\u0101ku veiktsp\u0113ju.\n<li class=\"l\"> No kop\u0113j\u0101s \u2018inode\u2019 strukt\u016bras ir iz\u0146emta inform\u0101cija, kas saist\u012bta ar \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu un verific\u0113\u0161anu (r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji i_crypt_info un i_verity_info). \u0160\u012b izmai\u0146a \u013cauj samazin\u0101t atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146u failu sist\u0113m\u0101s, kas neatbalsta \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu un verific\u0113\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> FUSE apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101 pievienota atbalsts sist\u0113miskajam izsaukumam copy_file_range() un tie\u0161ai diapazonu kop\u0113\u0161anai, izmantojot 64 bitu lielumu (iepriek\u0161 tika atbalst\u012bts tikai 32 bitu lielums). Pievienots atbalsts inicializ\u0113\u0161anai sinhronaj\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 mont\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101 (FUSE_DEV_IOC_SYNC_INIT).\n<li class=\"l\"> ext4 FS \u012bstenota 32 bitu lietot\u0101ju (uid) un grupu (gid) identifikatoru izmanto\u0161ana piek\u013cuvei rezerv\u0113tajiem blokiem. Pievienoti ioctl oper\u0101cijas superbloka parametru iestat\u012b\u0161anai un las\u012b\u0161anai mont\u0113taj\u0101s FS (tune2fs var\u0113s main\u012bt parametrus superbl\u0101k\u0101 bez rakst\u012b\u0161anas ties\u012bb\u0101m bloku ier\u012bc\u0113). Piln\u012bb\u0101 no\u0146emti novecoju\u0161ie iestat\u012bjumi, kas specifiski ext3.\n<li class=\"l\"> f2fs ir pievienota mont\u0113\u0161anas opcija \u00ablookup_mode\u00bb, lai izv\u0113l\u0113tos mekl\u0113\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bmu: perf \u2013 mekl\u0113\u0161ana p\u0113c hash, compat \u2013 line\u0101ra mekl\u0113\u0161ana, auto \u2013 autom\u0101tiska izv\u0113le. Re\u017e\u012bma mai\u0146ai ir j\u0113ga konfigur\u0101cij\u0101m ar direktorij\u0101m, kur\u0101s netiek \u0146emta v\u0113r\u0101 simbolu re\u0123istrs. Pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo mekl\u0113\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bmu var uzzin\u0101t, izmantojot failu \u00ab\\\/sys\\\/fs\\\/f2fs\\\/\\\/effective_lookup_mode\u00bb. Ir pievienota iesp\u0113ja re\u0123istr\u0113t inode, kas pieejami tikai privile\u0123\u0113tiem lietot\u0101jiem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Overlayfs pievienots re\u017e\u012bms, kas ignor\u0113 simbolu re\u0123istru, kas tiek iesl\u0113gts failu sist\u0113mas sl\u0101\u0146u l\u012bmen\u012b (izv\u0113les mai\u0146a atsevi\u0161\u0137iem direktorij\u0101m pa\u0161laik netiek atbalst\u012bta).\n<li class=\"l\"> BTRFS uzlabots paral\u0113lo oper\u0101ciju izpilde pie augsta las\u012b\u0161anas slodzes un zem\u0101 rakst\u012b\u0161anas slodzes, samazin\u0101ts transakciju apstiprin\u0101\u0161anas laiks, iev\u0113rojami samazin\u0101ts sinhroniz\u0101cijas laiks (no min\u016bt\u0113m l\u012bdz desmitiem sekund\u017eu). Nodro\u0161in\u0101ta iesp\u0113ja izmantot blokiem (bs), kuru izm\u0113rs ir liel\u0101ks par atmi\u0146as lapu (ps).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ksmbd (kas darbojas uz SMB servera kodola l\u012bmen\u012b) pievienots parametrs, lai ierobe\u017eotu maksim\u0101lo savienojumu skaitu no viena. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adreses\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"740\">IP adreses<\/a>. Smbdirect, smbclient un smbserver p\u0101rveidoti, lai izmantotu standartiz\u0113tas kodola strukt\u016bras.\n<li class=\"l\"> SQUASHFS pievienota iesp\u0113ja izmantot sist\u0113mas izsaukum\u0101 lseek() opcijas SEEK_DATA un SEEK_HOLE, lai mekl\u0113tu datus un tuk\u0161umus retiem failiem. Da\u017eos testos fiks\u0113ta kop\u0113\u0161anas efektivit\u0101tes palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s l\u012bdz 150 reiz\u0113m.\n<li class=\"l\"> EXFAT pievienota atbalsts ioctl FS_IOC_GETFSLABEL un FS_IOC_SETFSLABEL, kas \u013cauj las\u012bt un rakst\u012bt sada\u013cu eti\u0137etes. Nodro\u0161in\u0101ta mont\u0113\u0161anas opciju mai\u0146a remounting laik\u0101. Pa\u0101trin\u0101ta bitu kar\u0161u iel\u0101de.\n<li class=\"l\"> NTFS3 pievienots atbalsts ioctl FS_IOC_GETFSLABEL un FS_IOC_SETFSLABEL, kas \u013cauj las\u012bt un iestat\u012bt sada\u013cu eti\u0137etes.                        <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Atmi\u0146a un sist\u0113mas pakalpojumi<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Iek\u013cauta interprocess\u0101li mijiedarb\u012bbas meh\u0101nisma Binder \u012bsteno\u0161ana, kas uzrakst\u012bta Rust valod\u0101. Binder tiek izmantots Android, lai organiz\u0113tu mijiedarb\u012bbu starp procesiem un att\u0101lin\u0101tu meto\u017eu izsauk\u0161anu (viens Android process var izsaukt metodi vai funkciju cit\u0101 Android proces\u0101, izmantojot Binder, lai identific\u0113tu, izsauktu un p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012btu argumentus starp procesiem). Binder kods tika p\u0101rrakst\u012bts Rust valod\u0101 Google iniciat\u012bvas ietvaros, lai uzlabotu Android dro\u0161\u012bbu.\n<li class=\"l\"> SLUB, kodola atmi\u0146as allocator, ir ieviests opcijas sl\u0101nis ke\u0161o\u0161anai \u00absheaves\u00bb, kas izmanto vair\u0101kus ke\u0161us, katrs no kuriem ir piesaist\u012bts atsevi\u0161\u0137ai CPU kodolam, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u013caujot vienam kodolam lokaliz\u0113t oper\u0101cijas atmi\u0146as pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas vai atbr\u012bvo\u0161anas laik\u0101. \u0160\u0101ds ke\u0161s ir paaugstin\u0101jis atmi\u0146as pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas un atbr\u012bvo\u0161anas veiktsp\u0113ju kodol\u0101, pateicoties nevajadz\u012bgu sinhroniz\u0101cijas prim\u012btu izsl\u0113g\u0161anai, kas nepiecie\u0161ama, ja iesaist\u012bti da\u017e\u0101di CPU kodoli. Veiktajos testos veiktsp\u0113jas pieaugums bija no 6.3% l\u012bdz 31% atkar\u012bb\u0101 no slodzes veida.\n<li class=\"l\"> Papildin\u0101ta iesp\u0113ja izveidot failu aprakst\u012bt\u0101jus, kas saist\u012bti ar noteiktu nosaukumu telpu (namespace). At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no piek\u013cuves nosaukumu telp\u0101m, izmantojot identifikatorus (\/proc\/\/ns\/), failu aprakst\u012bt\u0101js ir saist\u012bts ar konkr\u0113tu nosaukuma telpas eksempl\u0101ru un nov\u0113r\u0161 situ\u0101ciju, kad identifikators tiek atk\u0101rtoti pie\u0161\u0137irts un nor\u0101da uz citu objektu. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 ar pidfd izmanto\u0161anu, failu aprakst\u012bt\u0101ju atv\u0113r\u0161ana, kas atsaucas uz nosaukumu telp\u0101m, tiek veikta, izmantojot funkcijas open_by_handle_at() un name_to_handle_at().\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir \u012bstenota meh\u0101nisms \u00abSwap Table\u00bb, kas \u013cauj paaugstin\u0101t lappu\u0161u apmai\u0146as veiktsp\u0113ju. Pa\u0101trin\u0101jums tiek pan\u0101kts, samazinot konkurenci par piek\u013cuvi apmai\u0146as ke\u0161am, efekt\u012bv\u0101k mekl\u0113jot ke\u0161\u0101 un samazinot fragment\u0113\u0161anu. T\u0101 k\u0101 Swap Table b\u0101z\u0113tais aizmugur\u0113jais modulis tiek izmantots, lai ke\u0161otu lappu\u0161u apmai\u0146u, nevis XArray, vid\u0113j\u0101 veiktsp\u0113ja ir palielin\u0101jusies par 5-20%. Test\u0101 usemem caurlaide pieauga par 17-28%, daudzpl\u0101nisk\u0101 kod\u0113\u0161anas laika test\u0101 kompil\u0101cijas laiks samazin\u0101j\u0101s par 1.12-3.19%, test\u0101 redis-benchmark ar BGSAVE tika nov\u0113rots apstr\u0101d\u0101to piepras\u012bjumu skaita pieaugums par 6-7%.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zswap apak\u0161sist\u0113ma ir p\u0101rg\u0101jusi uz tie\u0161u zsmalloc atmi\u0146as pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas sist\u0113mas izmanto\u0161anu viet\u0101 zpool sl\u0101\u0146a, kas vairs netiek izmantots un tagad ir iz\u0146emts no kodola.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lai p\u0101rvald\u012btu mikrosh\u0113mu iel\u0101des uzved\u012bbu x86 sist\u0113m\u0101s, ir ieviesta komandrindas opcija \u00abmicrocode=karogu saraksts\u00bb. \u0160\u012b jaun\u0101 opcija aizvieto \u00abmicrocode.force_minrev\u00bb un \u013cauj noteikt minim\u0101li pie\u0146emamo mikrosh\u0113mas versiju iel\u0101d\u0113\u0161anai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzs\u0101kta darbu reorganiz\u0101cija p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgi uzp\u016bstaj\u0101 \u00abpage\u00bb strukt\u016br\u0101, kas tiek izmantota operat\u012bv\u0101s atmi\u0146as lapu p\u0101rvald\u012bbai. Pievienots tips \u2018memdesc_flags_t\u2019 univers\u0101lo karogu laukiem, kas var tikt izmantoti p\u0113c gaid\u0101m\u0101s n\u0101kotnes izdal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s no \u00abpage\u00bb strukt\u016bras atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m strukt\u016br\u0101m slab un folij\u0101m (folio).\n<li class=\"l\"> Nios2 arhitekt\u016brai, kas tiek izmantota Altera Nios II mikroprocesoros (FPGA b\u0101zes m\u012bkstais mikroprocesors), ieviesta atbalsts sist\u0113mas izsaukumam clone3().\n<li class=\"l\"> Kodola konfigur\u0101cij\u0101 (KConfig) pievienots atrib\u016bts \u00abtransitional\u00bb, ko var izmantot, lai apz\u012bm\u0113tu iestat\u012bjumus, kas netiek att\u0113loti lietot\u0101ja saskarn\u0113s, piem\u0113ram, \u00abmake menuconfig\u00bb, un netiek iek\u013cauti \u0123ener\u0113tajos konfigur\u0101cijas failos. Atrib\u016bta galvenais m\u0113r\u0137is ir vienk\u0101r\u0161ot opciju p\u0101rd\u0113v\u0113\u0161anu, saglab\u0101jot atpaka\u013csavienojam\u012bbu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Minim\u0101l\u0101 var\u0113tu tikt izmantota Clang kompilatora versija, kas var saprast kodu, ir paaugstin\u0101ta l\u012bdz LLVM 15 r\u012bku komplektam. Debian 12 un Ubuntu 22.04 pieg\u0101d\u0101 LLVM 14.\n<li class=\"l\"> Turpin\u0101ts izmai\u0146u p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161ana no Rust-for-Linux zara, kas saist\u012bta ar Rust izmanto\u0161anu k\u0101 otro valodu draiveru un kodolu modu\u013cu izstr\u0101d\u0113 (Rust atbalsts p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma netiek aktiviz\u0113ts, t\u0101p\u0113c Rust nav oblig\u0101tas atkar\u012bbas no kodola b\u016bvniec\u012bbas). Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 kodam uz Rust ir ieviesti atomiskie oper\u0101cijas ar atmi\u0146u, maple tree strukt\u016bra, iesp\u0113ja izveidot DebugFS failus un funkcijas bitu kartes manipul\u0101cijai. Papla\u0161in\u0101ts API pieejam\u012bba draiveru izstr\u0101dei. Pied\u0101v\u0101ts pilns USB ier\u012b\u010du draiveru izstr\u0101des abstrakciju komplekts (USB draivera piem\u0113rs). Perf r\u012bk\u0101 pievienots atbalsts no rustc kompilatora \u0123ener\u0113tiem atk\u013c\u016bdo\u0161anas simboliem.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u0101cija un dro\u0161\u012bba<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots atbalsts kriptogr\u0101fiskajai verifik\u0101cijai aug\u0161upiel\u0101d\u0113tajiem BPF programm\u0101m p\u0113c digit\u0101l\u0101s paraksts. Turpm\u0101k \u0161\u012b iesp\u0113ja tiks papla\u0161in\u0101ta ar l\u012bdzek\u013ciem, lai noteiktu noteikumus, k\u0101das parakst\u012btas BPF programmas var aug\u0161upiel\u0101d\u0113t, un sniegt nepieredz\u0113ju\u0161iem lietot\u0101jiem iesp\u0113ju izmantot verific\u0113t\u0101s BPF programmas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hiperdivizor\u0101 KVM ir ieviesta Intel CET (Control-flow Enforcement Technology) virtualiz\u0101cijas atbalsts, kas tiek izmantots, lai aizsarg\u0101tu pret ekspluat\u0101cij\u0101m, kas izmanto atgriezenisk\u0101s programmat\u016bras tehnolo\u0123ijas (ROP \u2014 Return-Oriented Programming). Aizsardz\u012bbas b\u016bt\u012bba ir t\u0101da, ka p\u0113c kontroles nodo\u0161anas funkcijai, adresi atgrie\u0161anai glab\u0101 procesors ne tikai parastaj\u0101 stek\u0101, bet ar\u012b atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 \u0113nu stek\u0101, kuru nevar tie\u0161i main\u012bt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota iesp\u0113ja izmantot vair\u0101k nek\u0101 255 CPU viesu sist\u0113m\u0101s, kas darbojas Bhyve hipervizora vad\u012bb\u0101 FreeBSD 15 hostos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota dibs (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) pak\u0101pe, lai p\u0101rvald\u012btu koplietojam\u012bbu buferos izol\u0113t\u0101 vid\u0113, piem\u0113ram, hipervizor\u0101 vai Linux kodola instanc\u0113.\n<li class=\"l\"> Audita apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101 ir pievienots atbalsts darbam ar vair\u0101kiem vienlaic\u012bgi iesl\u0113gtiem LSM (Linux Security Module) moduliem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots virtio draiveris spi-virtio piek\u013cuvei SPI ier\u012bcei (Serial Peripheral Interface) no <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2239\">virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> KVM hipervizor\u0101 ir pievienots SEV-SNP CipherText Hiding re\u017e\u012bma atbalsts, kas blo\u0137\u0113 \u0161ifr\u0113ta atmi\u0146as las\u012b\u0161anu no aizsarg\u0101t\u0101m viesu sist\u0113m\u0101m neautoriz\u0113t\u0101 CPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots qtee draiveris TEE vidi (Trusted Execution Environment) Qualcomm mikrosh\u0113\u017e\u0101m.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>T\u012bkla subsist\u0113ma<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots TCP savienojumu \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas atbalsts, izmantojot PSP (PSP Security Protocol), ko izstr\u0101d\u0101jusi Google, lai \u0161ifr\u0113tu datu pl\u016bsmu starp datu centriem. PSP nodro\u0161ina \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu, kriptogr\u0101fisko integrit\u0101tes kontroli un avota autentifik\u0101ciju, realiz\u0113jot savdab\u012bgu protokolu TLS un IPsec iesp\u0113ju kombin\u0101ciju. PSP tiek izmantota atsevi\u0161\u0137a \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana atsevi\u0161\u0137iem t\u012bkla savienojumiem, nevis visam sakaru kan\u0101lam. PSP izmanto atsevi\u0161\u0137us \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas atsl\u0113gas da\u017e\u0101diem tunel\u0113tiem TCP savienojumiem, nodro\u0161inot stingru pl\u016bsmu izol\u0101ciju no da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m lietojumprogramm\u0101m un apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem. Lai samazin\u0101tu slodzi uz CPU, tiek atbalst\u012bta \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas un at\u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas oper\u0101ciju izne\u0161ana uz t\u012bkla kart\u0113m (offload). Datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai tiek izmantots UDP protokols, virs kura tiek p\u0101rraid\u012bta ori\u0123in\u0101l\u0101 TCP paketa saturu.     <\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux kodola 6.18 izlaidums\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/180701a9b56890a55860d65207471472.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota prim\u0101r\u0101 atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te AccECN (Prec\u012bza Izteikta Sastr\u0113guma Pazi\u0146o\u0161ana), kas ir uzlabota ECN papla\u0161in\u0101juma versija, \u013caujot hostiem sastr\u0113guma gad\u012bjum\u0101 mar\u0137\u0113t IP paketes, nevis t\u0101s noraid\u012bt, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u013caujot noteikt s\u0101kuma sastr\u0113guma f\u0101zi sakaru kan\u0101los bez paketes zuduma. S\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 ECN papla\u0161in\u0101juma ierobe\u017eojums at\u013cauj izsniegt tikai vienu sastr\u0113guma sign\u0101lu vien\u0101 TCP pie\u0146em\u0161anas-nodo\u0161anas cikl\u0101 (RTT, Round-Trip Time, piepras\u012bjuma nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161ana un atbildes sa\u0146em\u0161ana). AccECN nov\u0113r\u0161 \u0161o ierobe\u017eojumu un \u013cauj sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113jam nodot s\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam vair\u0101kas sastr\u0113guma atz\u012bmes TCP paketes galven\u0113. Sastr\u0113guma kontroles algoritmi var izmantot ieg\u016bto inform\u0101ciju, lai prec\u012bz\u0101k rea\u0123\u0113tu uz sastr\u0113gumiem un neizmantotu strauju nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas intensit\u0101tes samazin\u0101\u0161anu, ja rodas nelieli sastr\u0113gumi.\n<li class=\"l\"> UDP steka ietvaros ir optimiz\u0113ta iebrauco\u0161o paketi apstr\u0101de DDoS uzbrukumu apst\u0101k\u013cos, kas noved pie liela skaita paketi ien\u0101k\u0161anas vien\u0101 vai vair\u0101kos UDP soketos. Veiktie uzlabojumi, piem\u0113ram, konkur\u0113jo\u0161o blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas samazin\u0101\u0161ana, datu strukt\u016bru izvietojuma optimiz\u0113\u0161ana atmi\u0146\u0101 un NUMA (Neviendab\u012bgas Atmi\u0146as Piek\u013cuves) arhitekt\u016brai atbilsto\u0161o blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anu izmanto\u0161ana, ir \u013c\u0101vu\u0161i palielin\u0101t veiktsp\u0113ju UDP paketu pie\u0146em\u0161an\u0101 par 47% un vair\u0101k ekstrem\u0101los apst\u0101k\u013cos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ieviesta iesp\u0113ja atsl\u0113gt I\/O ke\u0161\u0113\u0161anu NFS server\u012b, \u013caujot izmantot NFS serveri sist\u0113m\u0101s ar nelielu atmi\u0146as apjomu (piem\u0113ram, ierobe\u017eot\u0101s m\u0101ko\u0146a vid\u0113s). Ke\u0161a atsl\u0113g\u0161ana var b\u016bt noder\u012bga ar\u012b noslogot\u0101 NFS server\u012b, lai nov\u0113rstu atmi\u0146as izsist\u012b\u0161anu datus, kas saist\u012bti ar lok\u0101lajiem kr\u0101tuv\u0113m, atbr\u012bvojot atmi\u0146u NFS ke\u0161am.\n<li class=\"l\"> Maksim\u0101lais ien\u0101ko\u0161o un izejo\u0161o paketi buferu izm\u0113rs t\u012bkla soketos (net.core.rmem_max un net.core.wmem_max) ir palielin\u0101ts no 2 MB l\u012bdz 4 MB. Noklus\u0113juma noteiktais izm\u0113rs ir palicis nemain\u012bgs (net.core.rmem_default un net.core.wmem_default = 2 MB).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots draiveris Qualcomm PPE (Paku Apstr\u0101des Dzin\u0113jam), kas pa\u0101trina t\u012bkla oper\u0101cijas, kas tiek izmantots Qualcomm SoC IPQ9574.        <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Apr\u012bkojums<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kern\u0101 tika pie\u0146emts draiveris Tyr, kas uzrakst\u012bts Rust valod\u0101 un nodro\u0161ina saskari ar GPU ARM Mali, kuros tiek izmantota tehnolo\u0123ija CSF (Saskaru pl\u016bsmu priek\u0161nieks), piem\u0113ram, Mali G310, G510 un G710. Draiveris \u0161obr\u012bd nav gatavs ikdienas lieto\u0161anai parastajiem lietot\u0101jiem un tiek uzskat\u012bts par eksperiment\u0101lu prototipu draiveru izstr\u0101des abstrakciju test\u0113\u0161anai Rust valod\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ievades ier\u012b\u010du draiveriem ar HID (Cilv\u0113ka saskares ier\u012bce) interfeisu pievienota atbalsts sk\u0101rienpalikt\u0146iem ar Taust\u0101mo atgriezenisko saiti un spiediena sensoriem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Turpin\u0101ta darba virz\u012bba pie drm-draivera (Tie\u0161\u0101 render\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rvaldnieks) Xe GPU, kas balst\u012bti uz Intel Xe arhitekt\u016bras, kas tiek izmantota Intel Arc grafiskaj\u0101 kart\u0113 un integr\u0113t\u0101 grafik\u0101, s\u0101kot ar Tiger Lake procesoriem. Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 ir pievienota madvise saskarne, iek\u013cauta SR-IOV PF (Single Root I\/O Virtualization Physical Function) atbalsts, pievienota Intel PSMI re\u017e\u012bma atbalsts aparat\u016bras valid\u0101cijai, nodro\u0161in\u0101ta veiksm\u012bga p\u0101rraid\u012bto datu par k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m apstr\u0101de, izstr\u0101d\u0101ts SLPC ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a profils, pievienots atbalsts papildu mikrokodam (piem\u0113ram, dzes\u0113t\u0101ja kontrollerim un sprieguma regulatoram) draivera p\u0101rbaudes laik\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> AMDGPU draiver\u012b pievienots atbalsts Cyan Skillfish APU ier\u012bc\u0113m, uzlabots AMD GCN 1.0 atbalsts, nodro\u0161in\u0101ta sader\u012bba ar criu instrumentu, sysfs pievienotas temperat\u016bras metrikas, at\u013cauti MMIO p\u0101rk\u0101rto\u0161anas piepras\u012bjumi no lietot\u0101ja telpas.\n<li class=\"l\"> i915 draiver\u012b iek\u013cauts atbalsts Wildcat Lake s\u0113rijas mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m un uzlabota Jasper Lake, Elkhart Lake, Gen7 un Gen6 GPU darb\u012bba.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nouveau draiver\u012b p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma tiek izmantoti GSP NVIDIA mikrokodi un uzlabota k\u013c\u016bdu apstr\u0101de.\n<li class=\"l\"> Turpin\u0101ta Nova draivera komponentu integr\u0101cija NVIDIA GPU, kas apr\u012bkoti ar GSP mikrokod\u0113m, kas tiek izmantoti kop\u0161 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 s\u0113rijas uz Turing mikroarhitekt\u016bras. Draiveris ir uzrakst\u012bts Rust valod\u0101. Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 ir papla\u0161in\u0101ta GSP mikrokodu atbalsts, uzlabota makro &#171;register!&#187; realiz\u0101cija, pievienots PCI ier\u012b\u010du klases un ra\u017eot\u0101ju identifikatoru atbalsts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots rocket draiveris NPU pa\u0101trin\u0101t\u0101jiem, ko izmanto Rockchip RK3588 SoC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots kodola parametrs &#171;boot_display&#187; izv\u0113lei par izvadi, lai par\u0101d\u012btu iel\u0101des procesu sist\u0113m\u0101s ar vair\u0101kiem GPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> vesadrm draiver\u012b ieviesta atbalsts 8-bit paletei.\n<li class=\"l\"> Msm draiver\u012b ir pievienota GPU Adreno 663 atbalsts, k\u0101 ar\u012b \u012bstenota IFPC (Inter Frame Power Collapse) tehnolo\u0123ijas ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a samazin\u0101\u0161anai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Panthor draiver\u012b ir pievienota GPU Mali-G710, Mali-G510, Mali-G310, Mali-Gx15, Mali-Gx20 un Mali-Gx25 atbalsts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots ASoC Qualcomm Glymur un PM4125, Realtek RT1321, Shanghai FourSemi FS2104\/5S, Texas Instruments PCM1754 un TAS2783A, qcs615, CS35L56 B2, tas2118, tas2x20, tas5825 audio sist\u0113mu atbalsts. Pievienots Tascam US-144mkII un Presonus S1824c USB audio kart\u0113m atbalsts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots ARM CPU Cortex-A320\/A520AE\/A720AE un C1-Nano\/Pro\/Premium\/Ultra atbalsts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots ARM platformu, SoC un ier\u012b\u010du atbalsts: Apple M2 Pro, M2 Max un M2 Ultra, Sony Xperia SP, Samsung Galaxy S22, Samsung Galaxy S20 FE, ASUS Eee Pad Slider SL101, Lenovo ThinkBook 16, HP Omnibook X14 X1P42100, Dell Inspiron 7441 \/ Latitude 7455, Sige1, NanoPi Zero2, Axis Artpec8, NXP i.MX91, ROCK 2A\/2F, Qualcomm Lemans Auto, Renesas RZ\/T2H, RZ\/N2H, RZ\/T2H un RZ\/N2H, Aspeed AST27xx, Meta Clemente BMC, Netcube Nagami som, Tqma91xx, Ultratronik i.MX8MP Ultra-MACH, i.MX8ULP EVK9, Buffalo WXR-1750DHP.       <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 Lat\u012b\u0146amerikas Br\u012bv\u0101 programmat\u016bras fonds izveidoja piln\u012bgi br\u012bvu kodolu 6.18 \u2014 Linux-libre 6.18-gnu, kas ir att\u012br\u012bts no mikrokodiem un draiveriem, kuri satur nesavienojam\u0101s sast\u0101vda\u013cas vai koda da\u013cas, kuras ra\u017eot\u0101js ierobe\u017eo. 6.18 laidien\u0101 ir atjaunin\u0101ts blobu t\u012br\u012b\u0161anas kods Nova-Core, Intel XE, TI PRUeth, Lantiq GSWIP, Marvell WiFi-Ex draiveros. Ir izt\u012br\u012bti blobu nosaukumi dts failos (devicetree) Qualcomm, Mediatek un TI ARM64 mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m. Jaunos FourSemi fs2104\/5s, TI TAS2783 un Qualcomm GENI draiveros ir neitraliz\u0113ta blobu iel\u0101de.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64346\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.18. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: dm-pcache \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (PMEM), \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 Bcachefs, online-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 XFS, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b Binder (Android IPC) \u0438 Tyr (GPU Mali) \u043d\u0430 Rust, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f USB-\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 Rust, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 SLUB, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":150191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 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