{"id":183913,"date":"2026-10-21T11:41:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T09:41:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-7-3"},"modified":"2026-10-21T11:41:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T09:41:23","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-7-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-7-3","title":{"rendered":"Linux 7.3 kodola izlai\u0161ana","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0113c diviem m\u0113ne\u0161iem izstr\u0101des Linuss Torvalds iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ja ar Linux kodola 7.3 izlai\u0161anu. Starp ac\u012bmredzam\u0101kaj\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m ir failfs izcelsmes izol\u0101cijas meh\u0101nisms, balst\u012bts uz pseido-failu sist\u0113mas un sist\u0113mas izsaukuma fchroot(), atbalsts iepriek\u0161\u0113ju pl\u0101not\u0101ju SCHED_EXT veido\u0161anai, BPF apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji izpild\u0101mo failu palai\u0161anai, alternat\u012bvie datu pl\u016bsmas NTFS3, veiktsp\u0113jas optimiz\u0101cija FUSE, Btrfs un Ext4, Apple Time Machine atbalsts ksmbd, EFS un FreeVxFS failu sist\u0113mas iz\u0146em\u0161ana, tie\u0161as piek\u013cuves re\u017e\u012bms blokier\u012bc\u0113m, uzlabota video atmi\u0146as tr\u016bkuma apstr\u0101de, viesu sist\u0113mas atmi\u0146as piek\u013cuves uzraudz\u012bba caur userfaultfd, AppArmor noteikumu saspie\u0161ana, piek\u013cuves ierobe\u017eojumi AF_ALG, Apple M3 Pro, Max un Ultra mikrosh\u0113mu atbalsts.<\/p>\n<p>Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 ir 20260 labojumu no 3171 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ja, no kuriem 807 pirmo reizi nos\u016bt\u012bja savas izmai\u0146as kodolam. P\u0101rl\u0101des lielums \u2014 63 MB (izmai\u0146as sk\u0101ra 14923 failus, pievienoti 943849 kodu rindi\u0146as,<br \/>\niz\u0146emts 297515 rindi\u0146u). Iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 izlaidum\u0101 bija 17833 labojumi no 2766 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, p\u0101rl\u0101des izm\u0113rs \u2014 68 MB. Aptuveni 44% no visiem 7.3 izmai\u0146\u0101m ir saist\u012bti ar ier\u012b\u010du draiveriem, apm\u0113ram 12% izmai\u0146u attiecas uz aparat\u016bras arhitekt\u016br\u0101m specifiska koda atjaunin\u0101jumiem, 12% saist\u012btas ar t\u012bkla steku, 5% \u2014 ar failu sist\u0113m\u0101m un 3% \u2014 ar iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m kodola apak\u0161t sast\u0101vda\u013c\u0101m. <\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101s inov\u0101cijas kodol\u0101 7.3 (1, 2, 3):\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Disku apak\u0161sist\u0113ma, I\/O un failu sist\u0113mas<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika optimiz\u0113ta Btrfs failu sist\u0113mas veiktsp\u0113ja. Ne-SSD uzglab\u0101\u0161anas ier\u012bc\u0113m tika nov\u0113rsta lieka aizkave, kas nodro\u0161in\u0101ja pieck\u0101rt\u012bgu caurlaidsp\u0113jas pieaugumu slodz\u0113m, kur\u0101s akt\u012bvi tiek izmantota fsync funkcija, piem\u0113ram, \u017eurn\u0101lu rakst\u012b\u0161anai. Fsync ir izsl\u0113gta tuk\u0161uma noteik\u0161ana failos ar lielu extents skaitu un bez tuk\u0161umiem, kas piecas reizes pa\u0101trin\u0101ja da\u017eu specifisku testu izpildi.\n<p>Sekojot neke\u0161ojamo buferu extents, xarray strukt\u016bra tika aizvietota ar lok\u0101lo LRU sarakstu, kas tr\u012bs reizes paaugstin\u0101ja \u0161\u0101du oper\u0101ciju veiktsp\u0113ju. Nov\u0113rsti veik\u0161anas kritumi, izmantojot tie\u0161\u0101 ievada\/izvades re\u017e\u012bmu, ko izrais\u012bja regresijas iepriek\u0161\u0113jos kodola laidienos. Samazin\u0101tas blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 extents las\u012b\u0161anas proces\u0101, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di samazinot slogu, kad da\u017e\u0101das uzdevumi piek\u013c\u016bst savstarp\u0113ji p\u0101rkl\u0101jo\u0161\u0101m zon\u0101m. <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Btrfs ir izsl\u0113gta pirm\u0101s versijas atbalsts ke\u0161atmi\u0146ai ar inform\u0101ciju par br\u012bvo vietu. Failu sist\u0113mas, kas izveidotas vec\u0101k\u0101s sist\u0113m\u0101s, ir j\u0101nostiprina uz otr\u0101s versijas ke\u0161atmi\u0146as, izmantojot r\u012bku btrfstune, cit\u0101di t\u0101s darbosies l\u0113n\u0101k. T\u0101pat ir no\u0146emta opcija mont\u0113\u0161anai \u201eusebackuproot\u201d, viet\u0101 t\u0101s j\u0101n\u0101k lietot \u201erescue=usebackuproot\u201d.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ext4 failu sist\u0113m\u0101 ir uzlabota paral\u0113lo rakst\u012b\u0161anas oper\u0101ciju veiktsp\u0113ja tie\u0161aj\u0101 ievad\u0113\/izvad\u0113 (Direct I\/O) un pa\u0101trin\u0101ta tuk\u0161o apgabalu rezerv\u0113\u0161ana, izmantojot fallocate() izsaukumu. Ir nov\u0113rsta regresija, kas samazin\u0101ja veiktsp\u0113ju buferiz\u0113t\u0101 rakst\u012b\u0161an\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ext4 failu sist\u0113m\u0101 mont\u0113\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bms \u201edata=journal\u201d ir p\u0101rcelts uz novecojo\u0161o kategoriju. Atbalstu \u0161ai mont\u0113\u0161anas opcijai pl\u0101nots p\u0101rtraukt 2028. gad\u0101. Opcija \u201edata=journal\u201d iek\u013cauj piln\u012bgas \u017eurn\u0101lu \u017eurn\u0101la re\u017e\u012bmu, kur\u0101 \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 tiek ierakst\u012bta ne tikai metadati, bet ar\u012b pa\u0161i dati, kas nodro\u0161ina augstu notur\u012bbu neveiksmju gad\u012bjum\u0101, bet sare\u017e\u0123\u012b koda apkopi un rada b\u016btisku veiktsp\u0113jas samazin\u0101jumu, sal\u012bdzinot ar re\u017e\u012bmiem \u201edata=ordered\u201d un \u201edata=writeback\u201d.\n<li class=\"l\"> EFS failu sist\u0113ma, kas tika izmantota agr\u0101k\u0101s IRIX OS versij\u0101s, ir no\u0146emta; t\u0101 nav izmantota apm\u0113ram 30 gadus un jau vair\u0101k nek\u0101 20 gadus nav atbalst\u012bta. Tiem, kam nepiecie\u0161ams piek\u013c\u016bt EFS nodal\u012bjumiem, ir pieejamas util\u012btas, kas darbojas lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> FreeVxFS failu sist\u0113ma, kas \u012bsteno VERITAS VxFS failu sist\u0113mas form\u0101tu, kas tika izmantots SCO UnixWare 1990. gados un kop\u0161 t\u0101 laika vairs netiek izmantots praks\u0113, ir no\u0146emta.\n<li class=\"l\"> Failu sist\u0113mu veido\u0161anas meh\u0101nism\u0101 lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101 FUSE ir uzlabota veiktsp\u0113ja un samazin\u0101ta atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161, izmantojot asinkrono ievadi\/izvadi io_uring. Pa\u0101trin\u0101jums ir sasniegts, pievienojot iesp\u0113ju p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012bt buferu pulkus no lietot\u0101ja telpas uz kodolu un izsl\u0113dzot lieku buferiz\u0101ciju (zero-copy), kad FUSE serveris piek\u013c\u016bst klienta procesa atmi\u0146as lap\u0101m vai lapu ke\u0161atmi\u0146ai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bloku ier\u012bc\u0113m ir ieviests RWF_DONTCACHE karogs, kas ir l\u012bdz\u012bgs tie\u0161\u0101 ievad\u0113\/izvad\u0113 re\u017e\u012bmam.<br \/>\n(Direct I\/O), ko var izmantot funkcij\u0101s preadv2() un pwritev2() vai las\u012b\u0161anas un rakst\u012b\u0161anas piepras\u012bjumos caur io_uring, lai piek\u013c\u016btu blo\u0137\u0113jo\u0161ajiem ier\u012bc\u0113m, apejot lapu ke\u0161atmi\u0146u. Piem\u0113ram, \u0161o karogu var pielietot datu b\u0101z\u0113, veicot zemu l\u012bme\u0146u darbu ar ra\u017eo\u0161anas ier\u012bc\u0113m.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Filesystem overlayfs pievienota lietot\u0101ja identifikatoru kart\u0113\u0161anas atbalsts, kas piem\u0113rojams, lai sasaist\u012btu noteikta lietot\u0101ja failus pie mont\u0113t\u0101m citu lietot\u0101ju da\u013c\u0101m ar citiem lietot\u0101jiem pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzlabots atbalsts vair\u0101ku failu sist\u0113mu mont\u0113\u0161anai no vienas blo\u0137\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s ier\u012bces.\n<li class=\"l\"> ntfs3 draiver\u012b ir ieviests s\u0101kotn\u0113jais alternat\u012bvo datu pl\u016bsmu atbalsts, ko dal\u012btas ar kolonnu faila nosaukum\u0101. Lai izveidotu jaunu alternat\u012bvo pl\u016bsmu, var izmantot komandu \u201etouch file:pl\u016bsma\u201d, las\u012b\u0161anai \u2014 \u201ecat file:pl\u016bsma\u201d, dz\u0113\u0161anai \u2014 \u201erm file:pl\u016bsma\u201d, pieejamo pl\u016bsmu izvadei \u2014 \u201ecat file:query_streams\u201d.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jaunaj\u0101 NTFS implement\u0101cij\u0101 (ntfsplus) las\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 pievienots atbalsts caursp\u012bd\u012bgas failu saspie\u0161anas tehnolo\u0123ijai, izmantojot WOF (Windows Overlay Filter) filtrus.\n<li class=\"l\"> NFS server\u012b pievienots atbalsts oper\u0101cijai CB_NOTIFY, \u013caujot klientiem ke\u0161ot direktoriju metadatus sav\u0101 pus\u0113, sa\u0146emot pazi\u0146ojumus par izmai\u0146\u0101m no servera.\n<li class=\"l\"> F2FS failu sist\u0113m\u0101 pievienots atbalsts dinamiskai (bez failu sist\u0113mas demont\u0113\u0161anas) sada\u013cu dz\u0113\u0161anai no kop\u0113j\u0101 baseina ar autom\u0101tisku datu p\u0101rvieto\u0161anu uz cit\u0101m sada\u013c\u0101m un atgrie\u0161anu atpaka\u013c (piem\u0113ram, var pagaidu iz\u0146emt ier\u012bci citiem m\u0113r\u0137iem).\n<li class=\"l\"> XFS pievienots atbalsts FALLOC_FL_WRITE_ZEROES karogam sist\u0113mas izsauksm\u0113 fallocate(), \u013caujot nor\u0101d\u012bt\u0101 diapazona aizpild\u012b\u0161anu ar null\u0113m fail\u0101, izmantojot da\u017eiem SSD datu nes\u0113jiem atbalst\u012btu WRITE_ZERO komandu, kas veic null\u0113\u0161anu bez I\/O darb\u012bb\u0101m.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Atmi\u0146a un sist\u0113mas pakalpojumi<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzlabota grafik\u0101 atmi\u0146as tr\u016bkuma apstr\u0101de. Situ\u0101cij\u0101, kad ir izsmelta br\u012bv\u0101 grafik\u0101 atmi\u0146a, kodols tagad m\u0113\u0123ina izsist no grafik\u0101 atmi\u0146as sist\u0113mas atmi\u0146\u0101 (GTT) lietot\u0146u buferus, kuriem nav garant\u0113ta atmi\u0146as kvota (dmem cgroup), nevis uzreiz atteikt atlik\u0161anas grafik\u0101 atmi\u0146as. \u0160\u0101ds pieejas nodro\u0161ina resursu pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anu lietotnei, kurai sist\u0113ma ir rezerves traukusi noteiktu apjomu grafik\u0101 atmi\u0146as, pat ja atmi\u0146a jau ir pie\u0161\u0137irta citiem lietot\u0101jiem. Iepriek\u0161, ja lietotnei bez kvot\u0101m jau bija pie\u0161\u0137irta grafik\u0101 atmi\u0146a, tad grafik\u0101 atmi\u0146as tr\u016bkuma situ\u0101cij\u0101 lietotne ar garant\u0113t\u0101m kvot\u0101m to nevar\u0113ja sa\u0146emt, un t\u0101 viet\u0101 grafik\u0101 atmi\u0146as caur TTM (Translation Table Maps) apak\u0161sist\u0113mu lietotnei tika pie\u0161\u0137irta l\u0113n\u0101ka sist\u0113mas operat\u012bv\u0101 atmi\u0146a, ko adres\u0113ja no GPU (GTT).<br \/>\nAtbalsts dmem cgroup ir realiz\u0113ts draiveriem nouveau, xe un amdgpu.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> SCHED_EXT meh\u0101nism\u0101, kas \u013cauj izmantot BPF, lai izveidotu CPU pl\u0101not\u0101jus, ir pabeigta darbs pie iesp\u0113jas izveidot iegultos pl\u0101not\u0101jus (sub-scheduler), ar kuru pal\u012bdz\u012bbu katram cgroup var iesaist\u012bt savu uzdevumu pl\u0101not\u0101ju.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzdevumu pl\u0101not\u0101js ir uzlabots ar izmai\u0146\u0101m, kas saist\u012btas ar cgroup apstr\u0101di un svars sadales probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anu, kas rad\u012bja papildu izmaksas un kav\u0113\u0161anos. Ieteikti vair\u0101ki svara sadales metodes cgroup \u2014 'up', 'max', 'concur' un 'tasks', kas tiek iestat\u012bti caur parametru cgroup_mode. Tiek izmantota vienota izpildes rinda (runqueue), lai pl\u0101notu uzdevumus iek\u0161 cgroup. Samazin\u0101tas kav\u0113\u0161an\u0101s uzdevumu pl\u0101no\u0161an\u0101, kuriem tiek pie\u0161\u0137irti \u012bsi procesora laika kvanti, pateicoties<br \/>\niesp\u0113jai nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 atcelt, atjaunot vai samazin\u0101t uzdevumu izpildes laiku, kuri ir aizsarg\u0101ti no izsist\u012b\u0161anas.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> binfmt_misc meh\u0101nism\u0101 ( \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc) ir realiz\u0113ta<br \/>\niesp\u0113ja pievienot BPF apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jus, lai pievienotu atbalstu jauniem izpildfailu form\u0101tiem. Izmai\u0146as \u013cauj programmatiski analiz\u0113t izpildfaila veidu katra palai\u0161anas br\u012bd\u012b un izv\u0113l\u0113ties tam interpretatoru vai dinamisko lad\u0113t\u0101ju bez hakeriem, piem\u0113ram, izmantojot util\u012btu patchelf un skriptu apv\u012b\u0161anu. Piem\u0113ram, BPF programm\u0101 var defin\u0113t izpildfailus cit\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m vai platform\u0101m un palaist atbilsto\u0161os emulatorus vai Wine, k\u0101 ar\u012b atvieglot izpildfailu palai\u0161anu pakotn\u0113s, kas uzst\u0101d\u012btas da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s direktorij\u0101s sist\u0113m\u0101s ar pakot\u0146u p\u0101rvaldnieku Nix.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\">  Turpin\u0101ts p\u0101rvietot izmai\u0146as no Rust-for-Linux zariem, kas saist\u012btas ar Rust valodas izmanto\u0161anu k\u0101 otro valodu draiveru un kodola modu\u013cu izstr\u0101d\u0113 (Rust atbalsts p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma nav aktiviz\u0113ts un nerada Rust iek\u013cau\u0161anu oblig\u0101to b\u016bvniec\u012bbas atkar\u012bbu vid\u016b kodolam). Paredz\u0113ta Rust izmanto\u0161ana PowerPC arhitekt\u016brai. Realiz\u0113ti: modulis veselu skait\u013cu bezzaud\u0113jumu p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161anai, obfusk\u0101cijas re\u017e\u012bms r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju v\u0113rt\u012bbu \u017eurn\u0101lo\u0161anai, lai nov\u0113rstu adre\u0161u telpas datu nopl\u016bdi, pal\u012bgu funkcijai synchronize_rcu(), atmi\u0146as barjeras, interrupts modulis, lai iesp\u0113jotu\/izsl\u0113gtu p\u0101rtraukumus, ievades\/izvades veidi, apv\u012b\u0161anas virs fwctl, SRCU (sleepable read-copy-update) meh\u0101nisms, apv\u012b\u0161ana virs gem shmem.<br \/>\nspinlock blo\u0137\u0113\u0161ana SpinLockIrq, kas ne\u013cauj p\u0101rtraukumiem notikt kritiskaj\u0101s sekcij\u0101s.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots sysctl parametrs syscall_user_dispatch, lai kontrol\u0113tu sist\u0113mas izsaukumu izvieto\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bma aktiviz\u0101ciju lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101, \u013caujot vienam procesam notvert cita procesa sist\u0113mas izsaukumus (tiek izmantots Wine Windows sist\u0113mas izsaukumu emul\u0101cijai).\n<li class=\"l\"> BPF pievienota funkcija bpf_sock_read_xattr(), ar kuras pal\u012bdz\u012bbu BPF programmas var las\u012bt lietot\u0101ja noteiktos papla\u0161in\u0101tos atrib\u016btus<br \/>\n(user.*) no soketu inode. BPF lietojumprogramm\u0101s ir iesp\u0113jams noteikt glob\u0101l\u0101s main\u012bg\u0101s, kas saist\u012btas ar CPU. BPF programmu verific\u0113t\u0101jam ir sniegta papildu inform\u0101cija par identific\u0113taj\u0101m k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m, kas atvieglo probl\u0113mu c\u0113lo\u0146u noteik\u0161anu.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kprobes, uprobes un fprobes meh\u0101nismos ir ieviesti tipa p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161anas atbalstu, izmantojot BTF (BPF Type Format) datus ar inform\u0101ciju tipu p\u0101rbaudei BPF pseido kod\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b uzlabota main\u012bgo inform\u0101cijas ieg\u016b\u0161ana.\n<li class=\"l\"> DAMON (Data Access MONitor) apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101, kas \u013cauj uzraudz\u012bt procesa piek\u013cuvi datiem operat\u012bvaj\u0101 atmi\u0146\u0101 (piem\u0113ram, var noskaidrot, kur\u0101m atmi\u0146as jom\u0101m process ir piek\u013cuvis, un kuras atmi\u0146as jomas ir paliku\u0161as neizmantotas), ir pievienota iesp\u0113ja uzraudz\u012bt datu atrib\u016btu izmai\u0146as (anon\u012bma atmi\u0146a, atmi\u0146\u0101 att\u0113lotie faili, piek\u013cuve tikai las\u012b\u0161anai, piek\u013cuves tr\u016bkums utt.).\n<li class=\"l\"> KHO (Kexec HandOver) meh\u0101nism\u0101, kas tiek izmantots, lai ielas\u012btu jaunu kodolu no vec\u0101, nezaud\u0113jot sist\u0113mas st\u0101vokli, ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta lielo atmi\u0146as lapu (huge pages) sadal\u012bjuma \u0146em\u0161ana v\u0113r\u0101 iel\u0101d\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101. \u0160\u0101das atmi\u0146as lapas tagad tiek mar\u0137\u0113tas un saglab\u0101tas p\u0113c jauna kodola iel\u0101des.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zem\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a swap sist\u0113mas kods ir p\u0101rveidots uz jaunu zem\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a datus strukt\u016bru swap_ops, kas ir atvieglojusi kodu uztur\u0113\u0161anu un \u012bstenojusi nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s abstrakcijas, lai papla\u0161in\u0101tu funkcionalit\u0101ti n\u0101kotn\u0113.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienoti ioctl komandas ALLOCINFO_IOC_CONTENT_ID, ALLOCINFO_IOC_GET_AT un ALLOCINFO_IOC_GET_NEXT, kas \u013cauj selekt\u012bvi nodot lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101 atmi\u0146as pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas profil\u0113\u0161anas datus. Sal\u012bdzinot ar iepriek\u0161 pieejamo \/proc\/allocinfo interfeisu, pied\u0101v\u0101tie ioctl izsaukumi \u013cauj l\u012bdz 20 reizes palielin\u0101t profil\u0113\u0161anas vaic\u0101jumu veiktsp\u0113ju, filtr\u0113jot liekos datus.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u0101cija un dro\u0161\u012bba<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ieteikts jauns izol\u0101cijas meh\u0101nisms, kas blo\u0137\u0113 piek\u013cuvi failu sist\u0113mu saturam, iz\u0146emot resursus, kas skaidri nodoti sandbox videi caur failu descriptoriem. Meh\u0101nisms ir \u012bstenots, izmantojot pseido-FS failfs un sist\u0113mas izsaukumu fchroot.\n<p>Pseudo-FS failfs atg\u0101dina FS nullfs, ta\u010du at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 ievie\u0161 principu 'nekas netiek atbalst\u012bts' viet\u0101 'nekas netiek uzglab\u0101ts'. \u0160\u0101das \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c nav iesp\u0113jams mont\u0113t neko virs failfs, kop\u0113t FS un izsekot st\u0101vokli caur statmount(), listmount(), \/proc\/\/mountinfo un \/proc\/filesystems. Ja procesa saknes vai darba katalogs atrodas failfs, tiek blo\u0137\u0113tas jebk\u0101das navig\u0101cijas m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu caur FS, izmantojot absol\u016btus failu ce\u013cus, simbolisk\u0101s saites un relat\u012bvos ce\u013cus, kas atkar\u012bgi no pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 darba katalog\u0101. Procesam tiek atst\u0101ta tikai iesp\u0113ja piek\u013c\u016bt noteiktam katalogam caur failu deskriptoru, kas tika atv\u0113rti pirms izol\u0101cijas.<\/p>\n<p>Lai p\u0101rietu uz jauno izol\u0101cijas re\u017e\u012bmu, pievienots sist\u0113mas izsaukums fchroot, kas ir l\u012bdz\u012bgs sist\u0113mas izsaukumam chroot, bet darbojas failu deskriptoru l\u012bmen\u012b. Sist\u0113mas izsaukumiem fchdir pievienots karogs FD_FAILFS_ROOT, lai p\u0101rvietotu procesa darba katalogu uz FS failfs.<br \/>\nL\u012bdz\u012bgs karogs pieejams sist\u0113mas izsaukum\u0101 fchroot.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota iesp\u0113ja uzraudz\u012bt viesu sist\u0113mas atmi\u0146as piepras\u012bjumus, izmantojot userfaultfd meh\u0101nismu, kas \u013cauj izveidot apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jus piepras\u012bjumiem uz neizsniegt\u0101m vai aizsarg\u0101t\u0101m atmi\u0146as lap\u0101m lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101. Praks\u0113 pied\u0101v\u0101t\u0101 iesp\u0113ja \u013cauj hipergridam noteikt atmi\u0146as lapas, kuras virtu\u0101laj\u0101 ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101 netika piepras\u012btas, lai t\u0101s p\u0101rvietotu uz l\u0113n\u0101ku atmi\u0146u vai \u0101r\u0113jo kr\u0101tuvi. Lai uzraudz\u012btu aizsarg\u0101to las\u012b\u0161anas un rakst\u012b\u0161anas p\u0101rk\u0101pumus noregul\u0113taj\u0101 atmi\u0146as zon\u0101, pievienots karogs UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_RWP, ko var izmantot k\u0101 augstas veiktsp\u0113jas analogu, lietojot mprotect(PROT_NONE) kop\u0101 ar sign\u0101la apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju, kas tiek \u0123ener\u0113ts, pieprasot piek\u013cuvi atmi\u0146ai, kurai ir noteikts las\u012b\u0161anas un rakst\u012b\u0161anas aizliegums (userfaultfd gad\u012bjum\u0101 tiek rad\u012bta iz\u0146\u0113muma situ\u0101cija, kas tiek apstr\u0101d\u0101ta lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101). Izmai\u0146as sagatavotas, izmantojot AI ('Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6').\n<li class=\"l\"> Pastiprin\u0101ta at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp kodola pavedieniem (kthread) un init procesu (PID 1). Iepriek\u0161 kodola pavedienos un PID 1 kop\u012bgi tika izmantots kop\u012bgs failu sist\u0113mas st\u0101voklis.<br \/>\nkas \u013c\u0101va, izmantojot izsaukumu pivot_root(), p\u0101rdefin\u0113t failu sist\u0113mas st\u0101vokli visiem kodola pavedieniem. Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 PID 1 ir iesaist\u012bta piln\u012bb\u0101 atsevi\u0161\u0137a strukt\u016bra fs_struct, un kodola pavedieni ir izol\u0113ti atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 mont\u0113\u0161anas punkt\u0101 ar nullfs.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ieb\u016bv\u0113taj\u0101 kriptogr\u0101fijas bibliot\u0113k\u0101 (libcrypto) pievienota atbalsts AES \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bmiem \u2014 ECB, CBC, CBC-CTS, CTR, XCTR, XTS, GCM un CCM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mand\u0101t\u0101 piek\u013cuves kontroles sist\u0113m\u0101 AppArmor ir ieviesta iesp\u0113ja iel\u0101d\u0113t saspie\u017eamus noteikumu komplektus un pievienots audita re\u017e\u012bms.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots sysctl parametrs af_alg_restrict, kas kontrol\u0113 piek\u013cuvi kriptogr\u0101fijas API AF_ALG no lietot\u0101ja telpas. AF_ALG \u013cauj izmantot aparat\u016bras pa\u0101trin\u0101t\u0101jus kriptogr\u0101fiskajiem apr\u0113\u0137iniem kodola Crypto API, ta\u010du to pielieto diezgan specifisk\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s un ne vienm\u0113r sniedz veiktsp\u0113jas palielin\u0101jumu sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101 \u012bstenotu pa\u0101trin\u0101jumu. Turkl\u0101t saist\u012btajos ar AF_ALG apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jos ir konstat\u0113ta vair\u0101ku ievainojam\u012bbu s\u0113rija, piem\u0113ram, Copy Fail, kas \u013cauj main\u012bt datus lapu ke\u0161atmi\u0146\u0101. Lai samazin\u0101tu uzbrukuma virsmu, p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma piek\u013cuve AF_ALG ir da\u013c\u0113ji ierobe\u017eota. Tiek apsv\u0113rta iesp\u0113ja iz\u0146emt AF_ALG k\u0101d\u0101 no n\u0101kamajiem laidieniem.\n<li class=\"l\"> BPF programmu, kas apliecin\u0101tas ar digit\u0101lo parakstu, verific\u0113\u0161ana ir pastiprin\u0101ta. Pievienota BPF programmas metadatu integrit\u0101tes p\u0101rbaude pirms t\u0101s iel\u0101des.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sist\u0113mas izsauksmei landlock_restrict_self(), ko izmanto, lai aktiviz\u0113tu Landlock blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anu, ir pievienota karte.<br \/>\nLANDLOCK_RESTRICT_SELF_NO_NEW_PRIVS, kas aizliedz pa\u0161reiz\u0113jam procesam ieg\u016bt jebk\u0101das jaunas privil\u0113\u0123ijas. Landlock meh\u0101nisms \u013cauj nepiedero\u0161\u0101m programm\u0101m atteikties no nevajadz\u012bgaj\u0101m privil\u0113\u0123ij\u0101m, br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgi ierobe\u017eojot savu turpm\u0101ko piek\u013cuvi sist\u0113mai dro\u0161\u012bbas uzlabo\u0161anas nol\u016bk\u0101, piem\u0113ram, aizsarg\u0101jot pret m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumiem izmantot programmas ievainojam\u012bbas. <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> VirtIO-GPU draiver\u012b, kas nodro\u0161ina virtu\u0101l\u0101 GPU darb\u012bbu, ir pievienots atbalsts S4 miega re\u017e\u012bmam (hibern\u0101cija).\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>T\u012bkla subsist\u0113ma<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ksmbd, ieb\u016bv\u0113ts serveris SMB protokolam, pievienota Apple Time Machine papla\u0161in\u0101jumu atbalsts rezervkopij\u0101m, kas veidotas macOS, izmantojot \u0161o lietotni. Ieviesta komandu sec\u012bbu izol\u0101cijas meh\u0101nisms SMB, kas saist\u012bts ar MessageId, lai blo\u0137\u0113tu uzbrukumus, nos\u016btot neder\u012bgus vai dubl\u0113tus piepras\u012bjumus. Pievienots atbalsts atk\u0101rtoto piepras\u012bjumu nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai SMB3 protokol\u0101, nenodarot kait\u0113jumu sesijas st\u0101voklim, ja iepriek\u0161\u0113jais piepras\u012bjums bija pazudis. SMB3 ievie\u0161 iesp\u0113ju \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anai atsevi\u0161\u0137os koplieto\u0161anas (share) l\u012bme\u0146os. Pievienots atbalsts SMB Direct sazi\u0146as kan\u0101la \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anai, izmantojot RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) tehnolo\u0123iju.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ieviesta iesp\u0113ja izmantot TCP paketes ar BIG TCP papla\u0161in\u0101jumu, kas \u013cauj palielin\u0101t maksim\u0101lo TCP paketes izm\u0113ru l\u012bdz 4GB VXLAN un GENEVE protokolu b\u0101zes UDP tune\u013cos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots atbalsts MCTP (Management Component Transport Protocol) virs USB (MCTP-over-USB 1.1).\n<li class=\"l\"> Iesp\u0113jams atsl\u0113gt (unregistration) t\u012bkla ier\u012bces (netkit, veth, vxcan, bareudp, geneve, ipvlan, macvlan utt.) izv\u0113l\u0113taj\u0101s nosaukumu telp\u0101s.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bluetooth 6.2+ atbalsta SCI (Shorter Connection Interval) meh\u0101nismu, lai samazin\u0101tu aizkaves datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161an\u0101 Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) re\u017e\u012bm\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> API nl80211 pievienots vienots meh\u0101nisms (NL80211_CMD_PROBE_PEER) pievienoto p\u012bru p\u0101rbaudei, kas darbojas gan bezvadu piek\u013cuves punktos, gan klienta pus\u0113.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Apr\u012bkojums<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kernel 7.5 novecojusi un pl\u0101nots dz\u0113st vec\u0101s ARM platformas, kas tiek ret\u0101k izmantotas un apgr\u016btina aktu\u0101lo apak\u0161sist\u0113mu uztur\u0113\u0161anu. Pl\u0101nots dz\u0113st aptuveni 55 t\u016bksto\u0161us koda rindi\u0146u, kas saist\u012bts ar sa1100, omap24xx, i.MX31, samv7, lpc18xx, riscpc, axxia, footbridge, vecaj\u0101m pqa pl\u0101ksn\u0113m, orion, dove un mv78xx0, \u010dipiem bez atmi\u0146as vad\u012bbas bloka (MMU) un mikroprocesoriem stm32f4\/f7\/h7.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 atbalsts Apple M3 Pro, Max un Ultra mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m. Ieviesta energoefektivit\u0101tes st\u0101vok\u013ca p\u0101rvald\u012bba Apple SoC.\n<li class=\"l\"> DRM apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101 (Direct Rendering Manager) pievienota \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba \u00abkr\u0101su form\u0101ts\u00bb, kas \u013cauj lietot\u0101jam p\u0101rsl\u0113gt kr\u0101su att\u0113lo\u0161anas form\u0101tu izvades ier\u012bcei. \u0160\u012b \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba ir \u012bstenota GPU i915 (HDMI, DP), amdgpu (HDMI, DP) un rockchip (HDMI) draiveriem. Test\u0113\u0161anai var izmantot komandu \u00abmodetest -s 115:1920\u00d71080-60@NV12 -w 115:'kr\u0101su form\u0101ts':4\u00bb, kur 115 ir savienot\u0101ja identifikators, bet '4' ir YUV420 form\u0101ta numurs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Amdgpu draiver\u012b pievienota DRM modifikatoru atbalsts AMD GPU s\u0113rij\u0101m GFX6-8 (Southern Islands, Sea Islands un Volcanic Islands). Ieviests s\u0101kotn\u0113js atbalsts DCN 6.0.0 (Display Core Next). Notika novecoju\u0161\u0101 koda t\u012br\u012b\u0161ana.<br \/>\nIek\u013cauts CACP (Content Adaptive Contrast and Power) atbalsts, kas \u013cauj samazin\u0101t OLED pane\u013cu ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u. Displeju dzin\u0113jiem, kas balst\u012bti uz DCN4 arhitekt\u016bras, ir ieviests IPS (Idle Power State) meh\u0101nisma atbalsts, lai samazin\u0101tu ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u neaktivit\u0101tes laik\u0101. Pievienots AMD Barco grafisko kar\u0161u atbalsts.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> I915 draiver\u012b p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101ta laka, lai noteiktu DisplayPort piesl\u0113gvietu iesp\u0113jas un atjaunotu to st\u0101vokli. Novalake (NVL) GPU pievienots CMTG (Common mode timing generator) un DC3DO (Display C3 with Clock Off) atbalsts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Turpin\u0101ta darba pie drm-draivera (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe GPU, kas balst\u012bts uz Intel Xe arhitekt\u016bras, kura tiek izmantota Intel Arc s\u0113rijas grafikas kart\u0113s un integr\u0113taj\u0101 grafik\u0101, s\u0101kot no Tiger Lake procesoriem. Pievienoti jauni atbalst\u012bto ier\u012b\u010du identifikatori. configfs \u012bstenots atrib\u016bts 'enable_multi_queue', lai atsl\u0113gtu vienlaic\u012bgu vair\u0101ku komandu p\u0101rvades rindu izmanto\u0161anu. Uzlabota p\u0101rejas uz miega re\u017e\u012bmu atbalsts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Turpin\u0101ta Nova draivera komponentu integr\u0101cija NVIDIA GPU, kas apr\u012bkoti ar GSP mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m, kuras tiek izmantotas kop\u0161 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 s\u0113rijas, kas balst\u012bta uz Turing mikroarhitekt\u016bras. Draiveris ir uzrakst\u012bts Rust valod\u0101. Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 veikts p\u0101rejas process uz jaun\u0101m TLV mikrosh\u0113mu att\u0113liem, nomainot vecos variantus, kas tika izmantoti Nouveau draiver\u012b. Pievienots atbalsts<br \/>\nGSP (GPU System Processor) mikrosh\u0113mas programmat\u016bras iel\u0101des iesp\u0113jai, aktiviz\u0113jot vGPU. Pievienots API, lai ieg\u016btu inform\u0101ciju par video atmi\u0146as apjomu.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tyr draiver\u012b, kas uzrakst\u012bts Rust valod\u0101 un nodro\u0161ina darbu ar ARM Mali GPU, pievienota iesp\u0113ja iel\u0101d\u0113t Mali CSF form\u0101ta programmat\u016bru, aktiviz\u0113t GPU virtu\u0101lo atmi\u0146u un palaist MCU.\n<li class=\"l\"> MSM draiver\u012b pievienots GPU Adreno Shikra (A704) un Eliza (722) atbalsts.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots atbalsts audio ier\u012bc\u0113m un ASoC: Pioneer DJ DJM-S11,<br \/>\nAW88399 (Lenovo Legion Pro), AW88399 (Lenovo Legion), Lisuan, ALC235, RME HDSPe AIO, RT766\/RT767 SDCA, Maili, Hawi, CS35L62 (SoundWire), RT766\/RT767 VA1.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots Steam Controller atbalsts (2026. gada modelis); Logitech G502 X Plus un G502 X Lightspeed peli; Endorfy Thock TKL tastat\u016bra, Zenbook A16; Nova 5X, Nova 7 un Arctis 7 austi\u0146as; Turtle Beach VelocityOne Race sp\u0113\u013cu st\u016bre; MSI Claw sp\u0113\u013cu kontrolleris.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzlabots ska\u0146as atbalsts ASUS VivoBook M515DA\/X515DAP ier\u012bc\u0113s,<br \/>\nLG gram 16 (16Z90TR), Minisforum AI X1 Pro, HP Pavilion 15-eh2xxx, HP Laptop 15-dy0xxx un HP Spectre x360 16-aa0xxx, HP EliteBook 6 G1, HP OmniBook X Flip 14, Lenovo Yoga Pro 7, Huawei Matebook,<br \/>\nThinkPad X1 Carbon 6th, HP ProBook 440 G5, Acer Aspire A515-57. <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota atbalsts viedt\u0101lru\u0146iem, tablet\u0113m un portat\u012bvaj\u0101m datoriem: Motorola Edge 30, Motorola Moto G2, Xiaomi 12 Lite 5G, Microsoft Surface Pro, Honor MagicBook art 1412in, Sony Xperia M2, Vicharak Axon, Axon Mini un Vaaman2, Asus Zenbook A16, Lenovo Thinkedge se70.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots atbalsts ARM platform\u0101m un SoC Samsung Exynos 1580 (kas tiks izmantots augst\u0101k\u0101s klases viedt\u0101lru\u0146os no 2024. gada), Orange Pi 5 pro, Sophgo SG2000 (hibr\u012bds Arm\/RISC-V), BeagleBadge, Qualcomm \u00abShikra\u00bb un \u00abAltera\u00bb (Cortex-A78C), Agilex72 (Cortex-A720), Alientek ATK-DLRV1126, Variscite SoC DART-MX8M-PLUS, DART-MX8M-MINI, VAR-SOM-MX8QM un to pamata plates, 9Tripod X3568 v4, Youyeetoo YY3588, milk-v duo, ArmSoM CM5, Freescale Verdin iMX8M Mini, Anbernic rg vita-pro, Embedfire lubancat 4, Vicharak Vaaman, LincStation E1, HINLINK H28K.\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 Lat\u012b\u0146amerikas Br\u012bv\u0101 programmat\u016bras fonds izveidoja<br \/>\nPiln\u012bgas br\u012bv\u0101s kodola 7.3 versijas \u2014 Linux-libre 7.3-gnu, kas att\u012br\u012bts no elementiem no firmware un draiveriem, kas satur nesaturo\u0161u komponentu vai koda da\u013cas, kuru lieto\u0161anu ierobe\u017eo ra\u017eot\u0101js. 7.3 izlaidum\u0101 veikta jauno GPU Mali Tyr, Morse Micro mm81x wi-fi, NXP wi-fi, un t\u012bkla kar\u0161u Realtek mikro\u010dipus att\u012br\u012b\u0161ana. Atjaunin\u0101ts att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas kods draiveriem nova-core, amdgpu, adreno, tegra, iris, rtw89 un mt76 wifi, Qualcomm Q6V5 PAS, qla2xxx scsi un ska\u0146u kodekiem aw88399. Veikta blob v\u0101rdu att\u012br\u012b\u0161ana dts failos (devicetree) ARM Qualcomm mikro\u010dipiem.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=66499\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 7.3. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0424\u0421 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e-\u0424\u0421 failfs \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 fchroot(), \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 SCHED_EXT, BPF-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 NTFS3, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 FUSE, Btrfs \u0438 Ext4, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Apple Time Machine \u0432 ksmbd, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0424\u0421 EFS [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 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