{"id":29935,"date":"2019-10-31T21:32:43","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/network-maps-kratkij-obzor-softa-dlya-postroeniya-kart-seti\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:32:43","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:43","slug":"network-maps-kratkij-obzor-softa-dlya-postroeniya-kart-seti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/network-maps-kratkij-obzor-softa-dlya-postroeniya-kart-seti","title":{"rendered":"T\u012bklo\u0161anas kartes. \u012ass programmat\u016bras p\u0101rskats t\u012bkla kar\u0161u izveidei","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\n0. Ievads, vai nedaudz offtopika<\/b>\u0160is raksts rad\u0101s tikai t\u0101p\u0113c, ka ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi gr\u016bti atrast sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas \u0161\u0101da veida programmat\u016brai vai vismaz vienuviet eso\u0161u sarakstu. Nepiecie\u0161ams izp\u0113t\u012bt daudz materi\u0101la, lai non\u0101ktu pie kaut k\u0101da secin\u0101juma.<\/p>\n

T\u0101p\u0113c es nol\u0113mu nedaudz ietaup\u012bt laiku un sp\u0113kus tiem, kuriem \u0161is jaut\u0101jums interes\u0113, un apkopoju vienuviet p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas vair\u0101k man\u0101 izpratn\u0113 izmantojam\u0101s sist\u0113mas t\u012bkla kart\u0113\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

Da\u017eas no \u0161aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 aprakst\u012btaj\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m es esmu izmantojis person\u012bgi. Iesp\u0113jams, ka t\u0101s bija novecoju\u0161as versijas. Da\u013cu no zem\u0101k min\u0113t\u0101 es redzu pirmo reizi, un inform\u0101cija par t\u0101m tika apkopota izstr\u0101d\u0101jot \u0161o rakstu.<\/p>\n

T\u0101 k\u0101 es \u0161\u012bs sist\u0113mas sen neesmu izmantojis, un da\u017eas no t\u0101m visp\u0101r neesmu sk\u0101rusi, man nav saglab\u0101ju\u0161ies ne ekr\u0101nuz\u0146\u0113mumi, ne citi piem\u0113ri. T\u0101p\u0113c es atsvaidzin\u0101ju savas zin\u0101\u0161anas, mekl\u0113jot inform\u0101ciju Google, Vikip\u0113dij\u0101, YouTube, izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju m\u0101jaslap\u0101s, turpat atradu ekr\u0101nuz\u0146\u0113mumus, un gala rezult\u0101t\u0101 san\u0101ca \u0161\u0101ds apskats.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1. Teorija<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

1.1. K\u0101p\u0113c?<\/h3>\n

\nLai atbild\u0113tu uz jaut\u0101jumu \u00abK\u0101p\u0113c?\u00bb, vispirms j\u0101izprot, kas tad ir \u00abT\u012bkla karte\u00bb. T\u012bkla karte ir (visbie\u017e\u0101k) lo\u0123isk\u0101, grafisk\u0101 un schematisk\u0101 att\u0113lo\u0161ana t\u012bkla ier\u012b\u010du mijiedarb\u012bbai un to savienojumiem, kas apraksta to noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kos parametrus un \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. M\u016bsdien\u0101s t\u0101 bie\u017ei tiek izmantota kop\u0101 ar ier\u012b\u010du st\u0101vok\u013ca uzraudz\u012bbu un br\u012bdin\u0101jumu sist\u0113m\u0101m. T\u0101tad, lai ieg\u016btu priek\u0161statu par t\u012bkla mezglu izvietojumu, to mijiedarb\u012bbu un attiec\u012bb\u0101m starp t\u0101m. Kop\u0101 ar uzraudz\u012bbu m\u0113s ieg\u016bstam darba instrumentu diagnostikai un t\u012bkla darb\u012bbas prognoz\u0113\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

1.2. L1, L2, L3<\/h3>\n

\nTie ir Layer 1, Layer 2 un Layer 3 atbilsto\u0161i OSI modelim. L1 ir fiziskais sl\u0101nis (vadi un p\u0101rsl\u0113g\u0161ana), L2 ir fizisk\u0101s adres\u0113\u0161anas sl\u0101nis (MAC adreses), L3 ir lo\u0123isk\u0101s adres\u0113\u0161anas sl\u0101nis (IP adreses).
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNav j\u0113gas veidot L1 karti, jo t\u0101 lo\u0123iski izriet no L2, iz\u0146emot, iesp\u0113jams, mediju konvertorus. Un paties\u012bb\u0101, tagad ir mediju konvertori, kurus ar\u012b var uzraudz\u012bt. <\/p>\n

L2 veido t\u012bkla karti, pamatojoties uz mezglu MAC adres\u0113m, bet L3 \u2013 uz mezglu IP adres\u0113m.<\/p>\n

1.3. K\u0101di dati j\u0101att\u0113lo<\/h3>\n

\nTas ir atkar\u012bgs no risin\u0101maj\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m un v\u0113lm\u0113m. Man, piem\u0113ram, noteikti gribas saprast, vai pati iek\u0101rta ir \u00abdzi\u013ca\u00bb, kur\u0101 t\u0101s port\u0101 kas \u00abkar\u0101jas\u00bb un k\u0101d\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b ir ports \u2013 up vai down. Tas var\u0113tu b\u016bt L2. Un visp\u0101r, L2 man \u0161\u0137iet vispiem\u0113rot\u0101k\u0101 topolo\u0123ija, pielietojot t\u012bkla kart\u0113. Bet, k\u0101 saka, par gaumi un kr\u0101su\u2026<\/p>\n

Savienojuma \u0101trums port\u0101 \u2013 nav slikti, bet nav kritiski, ja tur ir beigu ier\u012bce \u2013 printeris PC. B\u016btu labi apskat\u012bt procesora slodzes l\u012bmeni, br\u012bvas operat\u012bv\u0101s atmi\u0146as daudzumu un temperat\u016bru uz iek\u0101rtas. Bet tas vairs nav tik vienk\u0101r\u0161i, \u0161eit b\u016bs j\u0101iestata monitora sist\u0113ma, kas sp\u0113j las\u012bt SNMP un analiz\u0113t sa\u0146emtos datus. Par to v\u0113l\u0101k.<\/p>\n

Par L3 es atradu t\u0101du rakstu<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

1.4. K\u0101?<\/h3>\n

\nVar manu\u0101li, var autom\u0101tisk\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101. Ja manu\u0101li \u2013 tad ilgsto\u0161i un j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 cilv\u0113ka faktors. Ja autom\u0101tiski \u2013 tad j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, ka vis\u0101m t\u012bkla ier\u012bc\u0113m j\u0101b\u016bt \u00abgudr\u0101m\u00bb, sp\u0113j\u012bg\u0101m SNMP, un \u0161im SNMP j\u0101b\u016bt pareizi noregul\u0113tam, lai sist\u0113ma, kas v\u0101ks datus no t\u0101m, sp\u0113tu \u0161os datus nolas\u012bt.<\/p>\n

Izskat\u0101s, ka nav gr\u016bti. Bet ir zem\u016bdens akme\u0146i. S\u0101kot ar to, ka ne katra sist\u0113ma sp\u0113s nolas\u012bt no iek\u0101rtas visus tos datus, kurus m\u0113s v\u0113l\u0113tos redz\u0113t, vai ne visas t\u012bkla ier\u012bces sp\u0113j \u0161os datus nodot, un beidzot ar to, ka ne katra sist\u0113ma sp\u0113j autom\u0101tiski veidot t\u012bkla kartes.<\/p>\n

Autom\u0101tisk\u0101s t\u012bkla kartes veido\u0161anas process ir aptuveni \u0161\u0101ds:<\/p>\n

\u2014 sist\u0113ma nolas\u012bs datus no t\u012bkla apr\u012bkojuma
\n \u2014 pamatojoties uz datiem, katram mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ja portam tiek izveidota atbilst\u012bbas tabula adres\u0113m uz portiem
\n \u2014 sal\u012bdzina adreses un ier\u012b\u010du nosaukumus
\n \u2014 veido saites ports-ier\u012bce
\n \u2014 att\u0113lo visu \u0161\u0101du att\u0113lu, kas ir \u00abintuit\u012bvi saprotams\u00bb lietot\u0101jam<\/p>\n

2. Prakse<\/h2>\n

\nT\u0101tad, tagad parun\u0101sim par to, ar ko var veidot t\u012bkla karti. \u0145emsim k\u0101 s\u0101kumpunktu, ka m\u0113s v\u0113lamies, protams, maksim\u0101li automatiz\u0113t \u0161o procesu. Nu, t.i., Paint un MS Visio tiek izsl\u0113gti\u2026 lai ar\u012b\u2026 N\u0113, tom\u0113r tiek izsl\u0113gti.<\/p>\n

Ir past\u0101v specializ\u0113ts programmat\u016bras risin\u0101jums, kas risina t\u012bkla kartes izveides uzdevumu. Da\u017eas programmat\u016bras var pied\u0101v\u0101t tikai vidi \"roku\" piez\u012bmei ar att\u0113liem un \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m un grafisku sakaru z\u012bm\u0113\u0161anu, aktiviz\u0113jot \"uzraudz\u012bbu\" \u013coti ierobe\u017eot\u0101 form\u0101 (vai mezgls ir dz\u012bvs vai vairs nere\u0123istr\u0113jas). Citas sp\u0113j ne tikai patst\u0101v\u012bgi uzz\u012bm\u0113t t\u012bkla sh\u0113mu, bet ar\u012b skait\u012bt daudzus parametrus, izmantojot SNMP, pazi\u0146ot lietot\u0101jam pa SMS par trauc\u0113jumiem, sniegt daudz inform\u0101cijas par t\u012bkla ier\u012b\u010du portiem, un viss \u0161is ir tikai da\u013ca no vi\u0146u funkcionalit\u0101tes (t\u0101 pati NetXMS).<\/p>\n

2.1. Produkti<\/h3>\n

\nSaraksts ir t\u0101lu ne piln\u012bgs, jo past\u0101v \u013coti daudz \u0161\u0101da veida programmat\u016bras. Bet tas ir viss, ko google pied\u0101v\u0101 par \u0161o t\u0113mu (t.sk. ang\u013cu valodas vietnes):<\/p>\n

Open Source projekti:<\/b>
\nLanTopoLog
\nNagios
\nIcinga
\nNeDi
\nPandora FMS
\nPRTG
\nNetXMS
\nZabbix<\/p>\n

Maksas projekti:<\/b>
\nLanState
\nTotal Network Monitor
\nSolarwinds Network Topology Mapper
\nUVexplorer
\nAuvik
\nAdRem NetCrunch<\/p>\n

2.2.1. Bezmaksas programmat\u016bra<\/h3>\n

2.2.1.1. LanTopoLog<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nYu\u013cja Volokitina izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101 programmat\u016bra. Interfeiss ir tik vienk\u0101r\u0161s, cik vien tas visp\u0101r iesp\u0113jams. Programma atbalsta, teiksim, pusautom\u0101tisku t\u012bkla izveidi. Tam ir nepiecie\u0161ams \"pieg\u0101d\u0101t\" visu mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ju iestat\u012bjumus (IP, SNMP akredit\u0101cijas datus), p\u0113c tam viss notiks pats, proti, tiks izveidoti savienojumi starp ier\u012bc\u0113m, nor\u0101dot portus.<\/p>\n

Ir maksas un bezmaksas \u0161\u012b produkta versijas.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n

2.2.1.2. Nagios<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\n\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nOpen Source programmat\u016bra, past\u0101v kop\u0161 1999. gada. Sist\u0113ma ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ta t\u012bkla uzraudz\u012bbai, t.i., t\u0101 sp\u0113j nolas\u012bt datus caur SNMP un autom\u0101tiski izveidot t\u012bkla karti, ta\u010du t\u0101 k\u0101 t\u0101 nav t\u0101s galven\u0101 funkcija, tad t\u0101 to veic \u013coti\u2026 d\u012bvaini\u2026 Kartes izveidei tiek izmantots NagVis.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n

2.2.1.3. Icinga<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\n\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nIcinga ir Open Source sist\u0113ma, kas reiz izlobojusies no Nagios. Sist\u0113ma \u013cauj autom\u0101tiski izveidot t\u012bkla kartes. Probl\u0113ma ir t\u0101da, ka kartes t\u0101 izveido, izmantojot NagVis papla\u0161in\u0101jumu, kas tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ts Nagios, t\u0101p\u0113c uzskat\u0101m, ka k\u0101 t\u012bkla kartes izveid\u0113 \u0161\u012bs divas sist\u0113mas ir identiskas.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.1.4. NeDi<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nSp\u0113j autom\u0101tiski atkl\u0101t mezglus t\u012bkl\u0101 un uz \u0161o datu pamata izveidot t\u012bkla karti. Interfeiss ir diezgan vienk\u0101r\u0161s, ir SNMP statusa uzraudz\u012bba.<\/p>\n

Ir bezmaksas un maksas \u0161\u012b produkta versijas.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.1.5. Pandora FMS<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nSp\u0113j autom\u0101tiski atkl\u0101t un izveidot t\u012bklu, SNMP. Pat\u012bkams interfeiss.<\/p>\n

Ir bezmaksas un maksas \u0161\u012b produkta versijas.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.1.6. PRTG<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nProgramma neveic autom\u0101tisku t\u012bkla kartes izveidi, tikai manu\u0101lu att\u0113lu p\u0101rvieto\u0161anu. Ta\u010du t\u0101 prot uzraudz\u012bt ier\u012b\u010du st\u0101vokli, izmantojot SNMP. Interfeiss man\u0101 subjekt\u012bvaj\u0101 skat\u012bjum\u0101 atst\u0101j ko v\u0113lams.<\/p>\n

30 dienas \u2014 pilna funkcionalit\u0101te, p\u0113c tam \u2014 \"bezmaksas versija\".<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.1.7. NetXMS<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nNetMXS ir galvenok\u0101rt atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda uzraudz\u012bbas sist\u0113ma, t\u012bkla kartes izveide ir blakus funkcija. Ta\u010du t\u0101 ir realiz\u0113ta pietiekami r\u016bp\u012bgi. Autom\u0101tiska izveide, pamatojoties uz autom\u0101tisku atkl\u0101\u0161anu, uzraudz\u012bba pa SNMP, sp\u0113j nov\u0113rot mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ju portu st\u0101vokli un citas statistikas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jus.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.1.8. Zabbix<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nZabbix ir ar\u012b atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda uzraudz\u012bbas sist\u0113ma, un t\u0101 ir elast\u012bg\u0101ka un jaud\u012bg\u0101ka nek\u0101 NetXMS, ta\u010du t\u012bkla kartes t\u0101 prot veidot tikai manu\u0101li, bet uzraudz\u012bt var praktiski jebk\u0101dus mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ju parametrus, kuru v\u0101k\u0161ana ir tikai j\u0101konfigur\u0113.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.2. Maksas programmat\u016bra<\/h3>\n

2.2.2.1. LanState<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nMaksas programmat\u016bra, kas \u013cauj autom\u0101tiski sken\u0113t t\u012bkla topolo\u0123iju un pamatojoties uz atkl\u0101taj\u0101m ier\u012bc\u0113m izveidot t\u012bkla karti. Tas \u013cauj uzraudz\u012bt atkl\u0101to ier\u012b\u010du st\u0101vokli tikai p\u0113c pa\u0161as mezgla up\/down statusa.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n

2.2.2.2. Total Network Monitor<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nMaksas programmat\u016bra, kas neprot autom\u0101tiski veidot t\u012bkla karti. T\u0101 pat nevar autom\u0101tiski atkl\u0101t mezglus. Tas b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 ir tas pats Visio, ta\u010du orient\u0113ts uz t\u012bkla topolo\u0123iju. Tas \u013cauj uzraudz\u012bt atkl\u0101to ier\u012b\u010du st\u0101vokli tikai p\u0113c pa\u0161a mezgla up\/down statusa.<\/p>\n

Peld! Es tak iepriek\u0161 rakst\u012bju, ka m\u0113s atsak\u0101mies no Paint un Visio\u2026 Labi, lai t\u0101 b\u016btu.<\/p>\n

Es neatradu video pam\u0101c\u012bbu, un t\u0101 nemaz nav nepiecie\u0161ama\u2026 Programma t\u0101da viduv\u0113ja.<\/p>\n

2.2.2.3. Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nMaksas programmat\u016bra, ir izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101juma periods. Var autom\u0101tiski sken\u0113t t\u012bklu un patst\u0101v\u012bgi sast\u0101d\u012bt karti, pamatojoties uz nor\u0101d\u012btajiem parametriem. Interfeiss ir diezgan vienk\u0101r\u0161s un pat\u012bkams.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.2.4. UVexplorer<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nMaksas programmat\u016bra, 15 dienu izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumam. Prot autom\u0101tisko atkl\u0101\u0161anu un autom\u0101tisku kartes izveidi, uzraudz\u012bba ier\u012bc\u0113m tikai p\u0113c up\/down statusa, t.i.,, veicot ier\u012bces ping.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.2.5. Auvik<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nSal\u012bdzino\u0161i skaista maksas programma, prot autom\u0101tisko atkl\u0101\u0161anu un t\u012bkla ier\u012b\u010du uzraudz\u012bbu. <\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2.2.2.6. AdRem NetCrunch<\/h3>\n

\nVietne<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\nMaksas programma ar 14 dienu izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101juma periodu. Prot autom\u0101tisko atkl\u0101\u0161anu un autom\u0101tisku t\u012bkla izveidi. Interfeiss neizsauca saj\u016bsmu. T\u0101pat prot SNMP uzraudz\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Video rokasgr\u0101mata<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

3. Sal\u012bdzin\u0101\u0161anas tabula<\/h2>\n

\nIzr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s, ka ir diezgan gr\u016bti izdom\u0101t aktu\u0101lus un svar\u012bgus parametru sal\u012bdzino\u0161os r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jus un taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 iek\u013caut tos vien\u0101 maz\u0101 tabul\u0101. Man rad\u0101s \u0161is:<\/p>\n

\"T\u012bklo\u0161anas
\n
\n*Parametrs \u00abUser Friendly\u00bb ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi subjekt\u012bvs, un es to apzinos. Bet k\u0101 v\u0113l aprakst\u012bt \u00abaukstumu un neizlas\u0101m\u012bbu\u00bb, es neesmu izdom\u0101jis.<\/p>\n

**\u00abMonitorings ne tikai t\u012bklam\u00bb noz\u012bm\u0113 sist\u0113mas darb\u012bbu k\u0101 \u00abmonitoringa sist\u0113mu\u00bb ierastaj\u0101 \u0161\u012b termina izpratn\u0113, proti, iesp\u0113ju nolas\u012bt metriku no oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113m\u0101m, virtualiz\u0101cijas hostiem, sa\u0146emt datus no lietojumprogramm\u0101m viesos OS utt. <\/p>\n

4. Person\u012bg\u0101 viedok\u013ca<\/h2>\n

\nNo personisk\u0101s pieredzes \u2014 es nesaskatu j\u0113gu izmantot programmat\u016bru t\u012bkla monitor\u0113\u0161anai atsevi\u0161\u0137i. Man lab\u0101k pat\u012bk doma izmantot visaptvero\u0161u monitoringa sist\u0113mu ar iesp\u0113ju izveidot t\u012bkla karti. Ar Zabbix to ir\u2026 gr\u016bti. Ar\u012b Nagios un Icinga nav viegli. Un tikai NetXMS \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101 priec\u0113ja. Tom\u0113r, ja piep\u016bl\u0113ties un izveidot karti Zabbix, t\u0101 izskat\u0101s pat daudz perspekt\u012bv\u0101k nek\u0101 NetXMS. Ir ar\u012b Pandora FMS, PRTG, Solarwinds NTM, AdRem NetCrunch un, iesp\u0113jams, v\u0113l daudz kas, kas nav iek\u013cauts \u0161aj\u0101 rakst\u0101, bet es tos esmu redz\u0113jis tikai att\u0113los un video, t\u0101p\u0113c par vi\u0146iem neko nevaru teikt.<\/p>\n

Par NetXMS tika uzrakst\u012bts raksts<\/a><\/noindex> ar nelielu sist\u0113mas iesp\u0113ju apskatu un nelielu how to.<\/p>\n

P.S.:<\/h2>\n

\nJa es kaut kur k\u013c\u016bd\u012bjos, un es, visticam\u0101k, k\u013c\u016bd\u012bjos, l\u016bdzu, labojiet koment\u0101ros, es labo\u0161anu rakstu, lai tiem, kam \u0161\u012b inform\u0101cija var\u0113tu b\u016bt noder\u012bga, neb\u016btu j\u0101p\u0101rbauda viss no jauna p\u0113c pieredzes.<\/p>\n

Paldies.
\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

0. \u0412\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0444\u0444\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c 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