{"id":30030,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:18","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/koe-chto-pro-raspredelyonnye-data-tsentry-dlya-biznesa\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:18","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:18","slug":"koe-chto-pro-raspredelyonnye-data-tsentry-dlya-biznesa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/koe-chto-pro-raspredelyonnye-data-tsentry-dlya-biznesa","title":{"rendered":"Nedaudz par izplat\u012btiem datu centriem biznesam","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nedaudz<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNesen internetam \"palika\" 30 gadi. \u0160aj\u0101 laik\u0101 inform\u0101cijas un digit\u0101l\u0101s vajadz\u012bbas biznes\u0101 ir izaugu\u0161as l\u012bdz t\u0101diem apjomiem, ka \u0161odien m\u0113s run\u0101jam ne tikai par korporat\u012bvaj\u0101m serveru telp\u0101m un pat ne par datu centra nomu, bet gan par veselu datu centru t\u012bklu nomu ar papildus pakalpojumu komplektu. Turkl\u0101t, runa nav tikai par glob\u0101liem projektiem ar lieliem datiem (mil\u017eiem ir savi datu centri), bet pat par vid\u0113ja lieluma uz\u0146\u0113mumiem ar bie\u017eu datu b\u0101zes poz\u012bciju atjauno\u0161anu (piem\u0113ram, interneta veikali) un pakalpojumiem ar augstas \u0101truma datu apmai\u0146u (piem\u0113ram, bankas).
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

K\u0101p\u0113c biznesam ir nepiecie\u0161ama izplat\u012btu datu centru sist\u0113ma <\/h2>\n

\n\u0160\u0101da sist\u0113ma ietver IT kompleksus, kas ir teritori\u0101li izplat\u012bti saska\u0146\u0101 ar principu: galvenais datu centrs un re\u0123ion\u0101lie datu centri. Tie s\u0101kotn\u0113ji ir komplekt\u0113ti, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 m\u016bsdienu att\u012bst\u012bgas uz\u0146\u0113mumu iesp\u0113jam\u0101s inform\u0101cijas pl\u016bsmas un biznesa procesus, nodro\u0161inot \u0161o pl\u016bsmu un procesu nep\u0101rtraukt\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

\u258dK\u0101p\u0113c izplat\u012bti? <\/h3>\n

\nPirmk\u0101rt, riska d\u0113\u013c saboj\u0101t visus olas, kas liktas vien\u0101 groz\u0101. \u0160obr\u012bd piepras\u012bti ir atteikuma notur\u012bgi risin\u0101jumi, kas sp\u0113j nodro\u0161in\u0101t absol\u016bti nep\u0101rtrauktu korpor\u0101ciju lietojumprogrammu, pakalpojumu un t\u012bmek\u013ca viet\u0146u darb\u012bbu jebkuros apst\u0101k\u013cos. Pat pasaules beigu gad\u012bjum\u0101. \u0160\u0101d\u0101m skaitlisk\u0101m infrastrukt\u016br\u0101m j\u0101sp\u0113j ne tikai kvalitat\u012bvi saglab\u0101t datus, bet ar\u012b maksim\u0101li samazin\u0101t IT pakalpojumu uz\u0146\u0113muma (las\u012bt: biznesa) d\u012bkst\u0101ves laiku, vai tas b\u016btu saist\u012bts ar Roskomnadzor blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas epid\u0113mij\u0101m, dabas katastrof\u0101m, vai re\u0101lu tehnog\u0113nisku katastrofu, un jebk\u0101d\u0101m cit\u0101m force majeure situ\u0101cij\u0101m. Nav br\u012bnums, ka \u0161os risin\u0101jumus d\u0113v\u0113 par katastrofu notur\u012bgiem (Disaster Recovery). <\/p>\n

T\u0101p\u0113c datu centru kompleksu vietas, kas darbojas uz\u0146\u0113mumiem, ir j\u0101b\u016bt atdal\u012bt\u0101m viena no otras dro\u0161\u0101 att\u0101lum\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar noteiktu sh\u0113mu (sk. tabulu un ilustr\u0101ciju zem\u0101k). Ja nepiecie\u0161ams, tiek izmantots av\u0101rijas atjauno\u0161anas pl\u0101ns (disaster recovery plan, DR-Plan) un autom\u0101tiska pakalpojumu p\u0101rvieto\u0161ana uz citu t\u012bkla vietu, izmantojot atteikuma notur\u012bg\u0101s metodes un programmat\u016bras risin\u0101jumus, kas ir optim\u0101li katr\u0101 konkr\u0113taj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 (datu replik\u0101cija, datu dubl\u0113\u0161ana un citi).<\/p>\n

Otrk\u0101rt, lai uzlabotu veiktsp\u0113ju. Standarta re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 (ne \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cij\u0101s, bet ar augstiem slodzes periodiem) izplat\u012btie datu centri ir paredz\u0113ti, lai palielin\u0101tu uz\u0146\u0113muma veiktsp\u0113ju un minimiz\u0113tu inform\u0101cijas zudumus (piem\u0113ram, DDoS uzbrukumu laik\u0101). \u0160eit tiek iek\u013cauti slodzes balans\u0113\u0161anas kompleksi starp skait\u013co\u0161anas mezgliem: slodze tiek vienm\u0113r\u012bgi p\u0101rdal\u012bta, un mezgla atteikuma gad\u012bjum\u0101 t\u0101 funkcijas p\u0101r\u0146em citi komplekta mezgli.<\/p>\n

Tre\u0161k\u0101rt, lai efekt\u012bvi darbotos att\u0101lin\u0101tie fili\u0101les. Uz\u0146\u0113mumiem, kuriem ir daudz strukt\u016brvien\u012bbu, tiek izmantoti centraliz\u0113ti datu uzglab\u0101\u0161anas un apstr\u0101des risin\u0101jumi ar teritori\u0101li izplat\u012btu replik\u0101ciju. Katrs fili\u0101le taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 var str\u0101d\u0101t ar savu datu apjomu, kas tiks apvienots centr\u0101laj\u0101 biroj\u0101. Savuk\u0101rt izmai\u0146as centr\u0101laj\u0101 datu b\u0101z\u0113 tiek atspogu\u013cotas ar\u012b strukt\u016brvien\u012bbu datu b\u0101z\u0113s.<\/p>\n

\u258dIzplat\u012bto datu centru strukt\u016bra<\/h3>\n

\n\u0122eogr\u0101fiski izplat\u012btie datu centri tiek dal\u012bti \u010detros veidos. \u0100r\u0113jiem lietot\u0101jiem tie izskat\u0101s k\u0101 vienota sist\u0113ma: p\u0101rvald\u012bba notiek caur vienu pakalpojumu un atbalsta interfeisu. <\/p>\n

\"Nedaudz<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Nedaudz
\n\u0122eogr\u0101fiski izplat\u012btie datu centri<\/i><\/p>\n

\u258dM\u0113r\u0137i, k\u0101diem uz\u0146\u0113mumam nepiecie\u0161ami izplat\u012btie datu centri:<\/h3>\n

\nNep\u0101rtraukt\u012bba datu apstr\u0101d\u0113. Nep\u0101rtraukt\u012bba ir nepiecie\u0161ama, lai risin\u0101tu neizb\u0113gami radu\u0161\u0101s tehnisk\u0101s probl\u0113mas bez biznesa procesu p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anas pat tad, kad da\u017ei sakaru kan\u0101li un iev\u0113rojama da\u013ca sist\u0113mas atsak\u0101s. J\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka sist\u0113mas sp\u0113ja veikt savas funkcijas pl\u0101notaj\u0101 laik\u0101, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 vid\u0113jo dro\u0161as darb\u012bbas laiku un p\u0101rsl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s laikus (Recovery Time Objective<\/a><\/noindex>) nosaka datu centra uzticam\u012bbas l\u012bmeni. Ir \u010detri l\u012bme\u0146i: TIER1, TIER2, TIER3, TIER4; jo augst\u0101ks r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js, jo uzticam\u0101ka ir centra iek\u0101rta un augst\u0101ks ir visas t\u0101s infrastrukt\u016bras standarts. <\/p>\n

Veiktsp\u0113jas un kapacit\u0101tes palielin\u0101\u0161ana. Vajadz\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 (raksturojot p\u012b\u0137a slodzes) \u2014 iesp\u0113ja palielin\u0101t jaudas un uzlabot rezerves datu centru efektivit\u0101ti, pateicoties m\u0113rogam: maksim\u0101lai visas izplat\u012bt\u0101s sist\u0113mas apr\u0113\u0137inu resursu izmanto\u0161anai. M\u0113rogojam\u012bba nodro\u0161ina elast\u012bgas apr\u0113\u0137inu iesp\u0113jas piepras\u012bjumam, pateicoties dinamiskai konfigur\u0101cijai.<\/p>\n

Katriotr\u012bbu. Nodro\u0161ina, re\u0123istr\u0113jot apr\u0113\u0137inu jaudas att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101 viet\u0101. Sist\u0113mas darbsp\u0113ja tiek sasniegta ar noteiktu atjauno\u0161anas punktu RPO un atjauno\u0161anas laika RTO iestat\u012b\u0161anu (dro\u0161\u012bbas l\u012bmenis un atjauno\u0161anas \u0101trums ir atkar\u012bgs no pl\u0101na).<\/p>\n

Izplat\u012btie pakalpojumi. Uz\u0146\u0113muma IT resursi un pakalpojumi ir nodal\u012bti no pamatinfrastrukt\u016bras un tiek sniegti daudzk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 vid\u0113 uz piepras\u012bjumu un vajadz\u012bgaj\u0101 m\u0113rog\u0101.<\/p>\n

\u0122eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 pakalpojumu lokaliz\u0101cija. Lai papla\u0161in\u0101tu z\u012bmola m\u0113r\u0137auditoriju un uz\u0146\u0113muma iek\u013c\u016btu jaunos \u0123eogr\u0101fiskajos tirgos.<\/p>\n

Izdevumu optimiz\u0101cija. Pa\u0161a datu centra izveide un uztur\u0113\u0161ana ir \u013coti d\u0101rga<\/a><\/noindex> projekta. Liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai uz\u0146\u0113mumu, \u012bpa\u0161i lieliem \u0123eogr\u0101fiski izklied\u0113tiem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem un tiem, kas pl\u0101no jaunas tirgus kl\u0101tb\u016btnes vietas, IT infrastrukt\u016bras nodo\u0161ana \u0101rpakalpojumos pal\u012bdz\u0113s iev\u0113rojami ietaup\u012bt.<\/p>\n

K\u0101p\u0113c uz\u0146\u0113mumam ir izdev\u012bgi, ka datu centrs ir 'blakus'<\/h2>\n

\nDaudziem m\u016bsdienu pakalpojumiem un biznesa lietojumprogramm\u0101m piek\u013cuves \u0101trums platformai var b\u016bt kritisks. \u0160is \u0101trums liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 ir atkar\u012bgs no att\u0101luma starp izplat\u012bto datu centru viet\u0101m. Ja tas ir neliels, sazi\u0146a k\u013c\u016bst vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101ka, un produktivit\u0101te palielin\u0101s, jo samazin\u0101s sign\u0101la nob\u012bde (latency). \u012apa\u0161i tas ir svar\u012bgi rezerves nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai. Optiskaj\u0101 \u0161\u0137iedr\u0101 gaismas izplat\u012b\u0161anas nob\u012bde ir aptuveni 5 ms\/km. Nob\u012bde ietekm\u0113 ievada-izvada oper\u0101ciju izpildes laiku, kas ir aptuveni 5\u201310 ms. <\/p>\n

T\u0101 k\u0101 pakalpojumiem j\u0101darbojas nep\u0101rtraukti, nodro\u0161inot augstu pieejam\u012bbu un minim\u0101lu d\u012bkst\u0101ves laiku, uz\u0146\u0113mumam izdev\u012bgi ir nom\u0101t IT infrastrukt\u016bru \u0123eogr\u0101fiski tuvu m\u0113r\u0137a tirgu lietot\u0101jiem.<\/p>\n

Piek\u013cuves \u0101trums uz platformu ir atkar\u012bgs ar\u012b no apr\u012bkojuma. Piem\u0113ram, m\u016bsu jaunaj\u0101 datu centr\u0101 \"IT parks\" Kaza\u0146\u0101 var ieg\u016bt interneta kan\u0101lu 100 Mbit\/s, nodro\u0161inot maksim\u0101lu komforta piek\u013cuvi savam virtu\u0101lajam serverim. <\/p>\n

Uz\u0146\u0113mumiem ar pla\u0161u starptautisko p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu ir izdev\u012bgi izmantot \u0101rvalstu platformas datu glab\u0101\u0161anai, lai samazin\u0101tu datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas izmaksas un samazin\u0101tu lappu\u0161u reakcijas laiku \u0101rvalstu lietot\u0101jiem. Gar\u0161 reakcijas laiks ir iemesls zema rang\u0113juma Google mekl\u0113\u0161anas rezult\u0101tos<\/a><\/noindex> un, kas ir v\u0113l svar\u012bg\u0101k, iemesls m\u0113r\u0137auditorijas aizpl\u016b\u0161anai no j\u016bsu vietn\u0113m (augsts atteik\u0161an\u0101s r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js, kas noved pie potenci\u0101lo klientu zuduma).<\/p>\n

K\u0101di ir rezerves datu centru priek\u0161roc\u012bbas<\/h2>\n

\n\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 bie\u017ei nestabilo situ\u0101ciju Krievij\u0101 inform\u0101cijas dro\u0161\u012bbas jom\u0101 (piem\u0113ram, nesen\u0101 masveida IP adre\u0161u blo\u0137\u0113\u0161ana ar Roskomnadzor, kas sk\u0101ra pat vietnes, kas nav saist\u012btas ar Telegram), ir \u0113rti izvietot da\u013cu biznesa IT infrastrukt\u016bras ne Krievijas jurisdikcij\u0101. Pie\u0146emsim, ka, iznom\u0101jot serverus \u0160veices datu centr\u0101, j\u016bs pak\u013caujat sevi \u0160veices datu aizsardz\u012bbas likumiem, kas ir diezgan stingri. Proti: ne valsts instit\u016bcijas pa\u0161\u0101 \u0160veic\u0113 (iz\u0146emot vald\u012bbu \u012bpa\u0161os gad\u012bjumos), ne citu valstu ties\u012bbaizsardz\u012bbas org\u0101ni nevar piek\u013c\u016bt jebk\u0101dai inform\u0101cijai uz \"\u0161veicie\u0161u\" serveriem. Bez klienta zi\u0146as dati nevar tikt piepras\u012bti no datu centriem un pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113jiem.<\/p>\n

Rezerves datu centra (vai hostinga) izvieto\u0161ana att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101 (\u0101rvalstu<\/a><\/noindex>) platform\u0101 ir strat\u0113\u0123iski pamatota, ja nepiecie\u0161ams viegli migr\u0113t biznesa kritiskos pakalpojumus to nep\u0101rtrauktai darb\u012bbai. <\/p>\n

V\u0113l nedaudz par Kaza\u0146as datu centru<\/h2>\n

\nT\u0101 k\u0101 m\u0113s run\u0101jam par datu centru Kaza\u0146\u0101, \u013caujiet sev mazu rekl\u0101mas bloku. \"IT parks\", kur atrodas datu centrs, ir liel\u0101kais tehnolo\u0123iju parks augsto tehnolo\u0123iju jom\u0101 Tatarst\u0101n\u0101. Tas ir datu centrs ar plat\u012bbu vien\u0101 kvadr\u0101tkilometr\u0101 TIER3 l\u012bmen\u012b ar jaudu 2,5 MW, kas sp\u0113j uz\u0146emt vair\u0101k nek\u0101 300 stendus. <\/p>\n

\"Nedaudz
\nFizisk\u0101 dro\u0161\u012bba tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta ar diviem bru\u0146ota apsardzes kont\u016briem, videokamer\u0101m ap perimetru, pases iece\u013co\u0161anas sist\u0113mu, biometrijas piek\u013cuves kontroli (pirkstu nospiedumi) \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440u z\u0101l\u0113 un pat ap\u0123\u0113rba kodeksu apmekl\u0113t\u0101jiem (m\u0113te\u013ci, \u012bpa\u0161as ze\u0137es ar autom\u0101tu uzvilk\u0161anai).<\/p>\n

\"Nedaudz
\nVisas tehnisk\u0101s telpas un serveru z\u0101les ir apr\u012bkotas ar autom\u0101tisku g\u0101zes ugunsdz\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113mu ar d\u016bmu sensoriem, kas \u013cauj nov\u0113rst ugunsgr\u0113ka avotu bez augsto tehnolo\u0123iju iek\u0101rtu boj\u0101\u0161anas. Energoefektivit\u0101tes, dzes\u0113\u0161anas, ventil\u0101cijas sist\u0113mas ir realiz\u0113tas augst\u0101kaj\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b, un \u0161o sist\u0113mu atsl\u0113gvien\u012bbas ir izvietotas atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101s telp\u0101s.<\/p>\n

\"Nedaudz
\nM\u0113s esam iev\u0113ru\u0161i savu hermetisko zonu datu centr\u0101 'IT parks'. Datu centram ir SLA 99.982%, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tas piln\u012bb\u0101 atbilst augstajiem starptautiskajiem datu centru operat\u012bv\u0101s notur\u012bbas standartiem. Tam ir FSTEK un FSB licences, PCI-DSS sertifik\u0101ts, kas \u013cauj izvietot organiz\u0101ciju, kas apstr\u0101d\u0101 personas datus (bankas un citas), iek\u0101rtas. Un, k\u0101 vienm\u0113r, cenas par virtu\u0101lajiem serveriem no mitin\u0101\u0161anas pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ja RUVDS \u0161aj\u0101 datu centr\u0101 neat\u0161\u0137iras no cen\u0101m VPS<\/a><\/noindex> citos m\u016bsu datu centros Maskav\u0101, Sanktp\u0113terburg\u0101, London\u0101, C\u012brih\u0113.<\/p>\n

\"Nedaudz<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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