{"id":30031,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:20","slug":"linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami","title":{"rendered":"Linux Foundation nodarbosies ar open source mikrosh\u0113m\u0101m","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux Foundation ir atv\u0113ru\u0161i jaunu virzienu \u2014 CHIPS Alliance. \u0160\u012b projekta ietvaros organiz\u0101cija att\u012bst\u012bs atv\u0113rt\u0101s RISC-V komandu sist\u0113mas un tehnolo\u0123ijas, lai izstr\u0101d\u0101tu procesorus uz t\u0101s pamata. Past\u0101st\u012bsim s\u012bk\u0101k par to, kas notiek \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Linux<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Gareth Halfacree<\/a><\/noindex> CC BY-SA<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

K\u0101p\u0113c izveidota CHIPS Alliance<\/h2>\n

\nIer\u012bces, kas aizsarg\u0101 pret Meltdown un Spectre, da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos samazina veiktsp\u0113ju<\/a><\/noindex> serveriem par 50%. Tom\u0113r joproj\u0101m par\u0101d\u0101s jaunas ievainojam\u012bbas vari\u0101cijas, kas saist\u012btas ar spekulat\u012bvu komandu izpildi. Par vienu no t\u0101m pazi\u0146ots marta s\u0101kum\u0101<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas speci\u0101listi to nosauku\u0161i par Spoiler. \u0160\u012b situ\u0101cija ietekm\u0113 diskusiju<\/a><\/noindex> par nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0101rskat\u012bt eso\u0161os aparat\u016bras risin\u0101jumus un pieejas to izstr\u0101d\u0113. Jo \u012bpa\u0161i, Intel jau gatavo<\/a><\/noindex> jaunu arhitekt\u016bru saviem procesoriem, kas neb\u016bs pak\u013cauti Meltdown un Spectre.<\/p>\n

Neatpaliek ar\u012b Linux Foundation. Organiz\u0101cija uzs\u0101kusi savu iniciat\u012bvu \u2014 CHIPS Alliance \u2014 kuras dal\u012bbnieki str\u0101d\u0101s pie RISC-V b\u0101zes procesoru izstr\u0101des.<\/p>\n

Kuri projekti jau tiek izstr\u0101d\u0101ti<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

CHIPS Alliance dal\u012bbnieku sarakst\u0101 ir Google, Western Digital (WD) un SiFive. Katrs no tiem ir prezent\u0113jis savus izstr\u0101d\u0101jumus. Past\u0101st\u012bsim par da\u017eiem no tiem.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/p>\n

RISCV-DV<\/h5>\n

\nIT gigants ir nodevis open source platformu, lai test\u0113tu procesorus, kas balst\u012bti uz RISC-V. Risin\u0101jums nejau\u0161i \u0123ener\u0113<\/a><\/noindex> komandas, kas \u013cauj<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0101rbaud\u012bt ier\u012bces darb\u012bbu: test\u0113 p\u0101rejas procesus, izsaukumu stekus, CSR<\/a><\/noindex>-re\u0123istrus un citus.<\/p>\n

Piem\u0113ram, \u0160\u0101di izskat\u0101s klase<\/a><\/noindex>, kas atbild par vienk\u0101r\u0161a aritm\u0113tisko instrukciju testa veik\u0161anu:<\/p>\n

class riscv_arithmetic_basic_test extends riscv_instr_base_test;\n\n  `uvm_component_utils(riscv_arithmetic_basic_test)\n  `uvm_component_new\n\n  virtual function void randomize_cfg();\n    cfg.instr_cnt = 10000;\n    cfg.num_of_sub_program = 0;\n    cfg.no_fence = 1;\n    cfg.no_data_page = 1'b1;\n    cfg.no_branch_jump = 1'b1;\n    `DV_CHECK_RANDOMIZE_WITH_FATAL(cfg,\n                                   init_privileged_mode == MACHINE_MODE;\n                                   max_nested_loop == 0;)\n    `uvm_info(`gfn, $sformatf(\"riscv_instr_gen_config ir randomiz\u0113ts:n%0s\",\n                    cfg.sprint()), UVM_LOW)\n  endfunction\n\nendclass\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nP\u0113c v\u0101rdiem<\/a><\/noindex> izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, platforma at\u0161\u0137iras no analogiem ar to, ka \u013cauj sec\u012bgi p\u0101rbaud\u012bt visus mikrosh\u0113mas komponentus, tostarp atmi\u0146as bloku.<\/p>\n
OmniXtend protokols<\/h5>\n
\nTas ir t\u012bkla protokols no WD, kas nodro\u0161ina ke\u0161atmi\u0146as saska\u0146ot\u012bbu datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 pa Ethernet. OmniXtend<\/a><\/noindex> \u013cauj tie\u0161i sazin\u0101ties ar procesora ke\u0161u un tiek izmantots da\u017e\u0101du veidu pa\u0101trin\u0101t\u0101ju, piem\u0113ram, GPU vai FPGA, piesl\u0113g\u0161anai. Tas ir piem\u0113rots ar\u012b RISC-V mikrosh\u0113mu sist\u0113mu izveidei.<\/p>\n
Protokolu jau atbalsta SweRV mikrosh\u0113mas<\/a><\/noindex>, kas ir orient\u0113tas uz datu apstr\u0101di datu centros. SweRV ir 32 bitu divkan\u0101lu superskal\u0101rais process, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101ts 28 nanometru tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101. Katram kan\u0101lam ir devi\u0146i l\u012bme\u0146i, \u013caujot vienlaikus iel\u0101d\u0113t un izpild\u012bt vair\u0101kas komandas. Ier\u012bce darbojas ar 1,8 GHz frekvenci.<\/p>\n
Rocket Chip \u0123enerators<\/h5>\n
\nSiFive risin\u0101jums, kuru izveidoja RISC-V tehnolo\u0123ijas izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji. Rocket Chip<\/a><\/noindex> ir RISC-V procesoru kodolu \u0123enerators, kas veidots Chisel valod\u0101. Tas ir<\/a><\/noindex> ir parametriz\u0113tu bibliot\u0113ku komplekts, kas tiek izmantots, lai izveidotu SoC<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz Chisel<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u0101 ir aparat\u016bras defin\u0113\u0161anas valoda, kas balst\u012bta uz Scala. T\u0101 \u0123ener\u0113 zema l\u012bme\u0146a Verilog kodu, kas ir piem\u0113rots<\/a><\/noindex> ir paredz\u0113ts apstr\u0101dei ASIC un FPGA. Tas \u013cauj izmantot OOP principus izstr\u0101d\u0113 RTL<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Alianse perspekt\u012bvas<\/h2>\n
\nEksperti nor\u0101da, ka Linux Foundation iniciat\u012bva padar\u012bs procesoru tirgu demokr\u0101tisk\u0101ku un atv\u0113rt\u0101ku jauniem sp\u0113l\u0113t\u0101jiem. IDC atz\u012bm\u0113<\/a><\/noindex>, ka pieaugo\u0161\u0101 \u0161o projektu popularit\u0101te pozit\u012bvi ietekm\u0113s ma\u0161\u012bnm\u0101c\u012b\u0161an\u0101s tehnolo\u0123iju un AI sist\u0113mu att\u012bst\u012bbu kopum\u0101.<\/p>\n
\"Linux
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Fritzchens Fritz<\/a><\/noindex> PD<\/i><\/p>\n
Open source procesoru att\u012bst\u012bba ar\u012b pal\u012bdz\u0113s samazin\u0101t piel\u0101gotu mikrosh\u0113mu projekt\u0113\u0161anas izmaksas. Tom\u0113r tas notiks tikai tad, ja Linux Foundation kopienai izdosies piesaist\u012bt pietiekamu skaitu izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju.<\/p>\n
L\u012bdz\u012bgi projekti<\/h2>\n
\nAtv\u0113rt\u0101 aparat\u016bras projekta izstr\u0101d\u0113 piedal\u0101s ar\u012b citas organiz\u0101cijas. Piem\u0113rs var\u0113tu b\u016bt CXL konsorcijs, kas mart\u0101 pazi\u0146oja par Compute Express Link standartiem. Tehnolo\u0123ija ir analogs OmniXtend un ar\u012b savieno CPU, GPU, FPGA. Datu apmai\u0146ai standarts izmanto PCIe 5.0 sist\u0113mu.<\/p>\n
V\u0113l viens projekts, kas nodarbojas ar procesoru tehnolo\u0123iju att\u012bst\u012bbu, ir MIPS Open, kas rad\u0101s 2018. gada decembr\u012b. Iniciat\u012bvu izveidoja Wave Computing. Izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji pl\u0101no atv\u0113rt<\/a><\/noindex> IT kopienai pieejam\u012bbu jaun\u0101kajiem 32 un 64 bitu MIPS komandu komplektiem. Projekta uzs\u0101k\u0161ana versij\u0101 1.17.x 6-12 m\u0113ne\u0161u laik\u0101.<\/a><\/noindex> notiks tuv\u0101ko m\u0113ne\u0161u laik\u0101.<\/p>\n
Kopum\u0101 open source pieeja k\u013c\u016bst par visp\u0101rpie\u0146emtu ne tikai programmat\u016br\u0101, bet ar\u012b aparat\u016br\u0101. L\u012bdz\u012bgi projekti tiek atbalst\u012bti no liel\u0101m komp\u0101nij\u0101m. T\u0101p\u0113c var gaid\u012bt, ka tuv\u0101kaj\u0101 n\u0101kotn\u0113 tirg\u016b par\u0101d\u012bsies vair\u0101k ier\u012b\u010du, kuru pamat\u0101 ir atv\u0113rti aparat\u016bras standarti.<\/p>\n
\nJaun\u0101kie ieraksti no m\u016bsu korporat\u012bv\u0101 bloga:<\/p>\n