{"id":30199,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:08","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vozmozhno-vam-ne-nuzhen-kubernetes\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:08","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:08","slug":"vozmozhno-vam-ne-nuzhen-kubernetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/vozmozhno-vam-ne-nuzhen-kubernetes","title":{"rendered":"Iesp\u0113jams, jums nav nepiecie\u0161ams Kubernetes","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Iesp\u0113jams, jums nav nepiecie\u0161ams Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/4cd1c0ed29bf76731aab81ce67144352.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Meitene uz skrejriteni. Ilustr\u0101cija <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.freepik.com\/free-photos-vectors\/car\">freepik<\/a><\/noindex>, Nomad logo no <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nomadproject.io\/\">HashiCorp<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kubernetes ir 300 kilogramu smaga gorilla konteineru or\u0137estr\u0113\u0161anai. T\u0101 darbojas da\u017e\u0101s liel\u0101kaj\u0101s konteineru sist\u0113m\u0101s pasaul\u0113, bet t\u0101 ir d\u0101rga.<\/p>\n<p>\u012apa\u0161i d\u0101rga maz\u0101m komand\u0101m, kur\u0101m b\u016bs j\u0101t\u0113r\u0113 daudz laika atbalstam un sare\u017e\u0123\u012btai m\u0101c\u012bbu l\u012bknei. M\u016bsu \u010detru cilv\u0113ku komandai tas ir p\u0101r\u0101k liels izdevums. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c m\u0113s s\u0101k\u0101m mekl\u0113t alternat\u012bvas \u2013 un iem\u012bl\u0113j\u0101mies <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nomadproject.io\/\">Nomad<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1>Ko v\u0113lamies<\/h1>\n<p>\nM\u016bsu komanda atbalsta virkni tipisku dienestu monitor\u0113\u0161anai un veiktsp\u0113jas anal\u012bzei: API galapunktus metriku apkopo\u0161anai, kas rakst\u012btas Go, Prometheus eksport\u0113t\u0101jus, \u017eurn\u0101lu analizatorus, piem\u0113ram, Logstash un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/trivago\/gollum\">Gollum<\/a><\/noindex>, k\u0101 ar\u012b datub\u0101zes, piem\u0113ram, InfluxDB vai Elasticsearch. Katrs no \u0161iem pakalpojumiem darbojas sav\u0101 konteiner\u0101. Mums ir nepiecie\u0161ama vienk\u0101r\u0161a sist\u0113ma, lai uztur\u0113tu visu to darba k\u0101rt\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0113s s\u0101k\u0101m ar pras\u012bbu sarakstu konteineru or\u0137estr\u0113\u0161anai:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pakalu jumtu uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana uz vair\u0101k\u0101m ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101m.\n<\/li>\n<li>P\u0101rskats par uzst\u0101d\u012btaj\u0101m pakalpojumiem.\n<\/li>\n<li>Attiec\u012bbas starp pakalpojumiem.\n<\/li>\n<li>Autom\u0101tiska atk\u0101rtota palai\u0161ana, ja pakalpojums avar\u0113.\n<\/li>\n<li>Infrastrukt\u016bras apkalpo\u0161ana ar nelielu komandu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTurkl\u0101t sekojo\u0161as lietas b\u016bs pat\u012bkamas, bet ne oblig\u0101tas papildin\u0101jumus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ma\u0161\u012bnu apz\u012bm\u0113\u0161ana p\u0113c to iesp\u0113j\u0101m (piem\u0113ram, \u0101tru disku apz\u012bm\u0113\u0161ana smagiem I\/O pakalpojumiem).\n<\/li>\n<li>Iesp\u0113ja palaist pakalpojumus neatkar\u012bgi no or\u0137estratora (piem\u0113ram, izstr\u0101des laik\u0101).\n<\/li>\n<li>Kop\u0113j\u0101 vieta konfigur\u0101ciju un nosl\u0113pumu apmai\u0146ai.\n<\/li>\n<li>Galapunkts metriku un \u017eurn\u0101lu apkopo\u0161anai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>K\u0101p\u0113c Kubernetes mums neder<\/h1>\n<p>\nVeidojot prototipu ar Kubernetes, m\u0113s paman\u012bj\u0101m, ka s\u0101kam pievienot arvien sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101kas lo\u0123ikas k\u0101rtas, uz kur\u0101m m\u0113s bez ierun\u0101m pa\u013c\u0101v\u0101mies.<\/p>\n<p>Piem\u0113ram, Kubernetes atbalsta ieb\u016bv\u0113t\u0101s pakalpojumu konfigur\u0101cijas caur <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/configure-pod-container\/configure-pod-configmap\/\">ConfigMaps<\/a><\/noindex>. J\u016bs varat \u0101tri apjukt, \u012bpa\u0161i apvienojot vair\u0101kas konfigur\u0101cijas failus vai pievienojot papildu pakalpojumus pod\u0101. Kubernetes (vai <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/helm.sh\/\">helm<\/a><\/noindex> \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101) \u013cauj ieviest dinamiskas \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s konfigur\u0101cijas interesu sadal\u012b\u0161anai. Tom\u0113r tas noved pie stingras sl\u0113pt\u0101s saiknes starp j\u016bsu projektu un Kubernetes. J\u0101, Helm un ConfigMaps ir papildus iesp\u0113jas, t\u0101p\u0113c nav oblig\u0101ti t\u0101s izmantot. J\u016bs varat vienk\u0101r\u0161i kop\u0113t konfigur\u0101ciju Docker att\u0113l\u0101. Tom\u0113r vilino\u0161i ir iet pa \u0161o ce\u013cu un veidot nevajadz\u012bgas abstrakcijas, par ko v\u0113l\u0101k varat no\u017e\u0113lot.<\/p>\n<p>Turkl\u0101t Kubernetes ekosist\u0113ma \u0101tri att\u012bst\u0101s. Nepiecie\u0161ams daudz laika un ener\u0123ijas, lai sekotu jaun\u0101kaj\u0101m lab\u0101kaj\u0101m praks\u0113m un r\u012bkiem. Kubectl, minikube, kubeadm, helm, tiller, kops, oc \u2014 saraksts turpin\u0101s un turpin\u0101s. Darba s\u0101kum\u0101 nav nepiecie\u0161ami visi \u0161ie r\u012bki, bet j\u016bs nezin\u0101t, kas b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams, t\u0101p\u0113c j\u0101b\u016bt inform\u0113tam par visu. Tas padara m\u0101c\u012bbu l\u012bkni diezgan st\u0101vu.<\/p>\n<h1>Kad lietot Kubernetes<\/h1>\n<p>\nM\u016bsu uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 daudzi izmanto Kubernetes un ir diezgan apmierin\u0101ti ar to. \u0160os instance p\u0101rvalda Google vai Amazon, kuriem ir pietiekami daudz resursu atbalstam.<\/p>\n<p>Kubernetes n\u0101k ar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/jvns.ca\/blog\/2017\/08\/05\/how-kubernetes-certificates-work\/\">p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161\u0101m funkcij\u0101m<\/a><\/noindex>, kas padara pla\u0161u konteineru or\u0137estr\u0101ciju viegl\u0101k p\u0101rvald\u0101mu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Detaliz\u0113ta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/access-authn-authz\/authorization\/\">ties\u012bbu p\u0101rvald\u012bba<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/extend-kubernetes\/api-extension\/custom-resources\/#custom-controllers\">Piel\u0101gotie kontrolieri<\/a><\/noindex> pievieno lo\u0123iku klasterim. Tie ir tikai programmas, kas run\u0101 ar Kubernetes API.\n<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/run-application\/horizontal-pod-autoscale\/\">Autom\u0101tisk\u0101 m\u0113rogo\u0161ana<\/a><\/noindex>! Kubernetes sp\u0113j m\u0113rogot pakalpojumus p\u0113c piepras\u012bjuma, izmantojot pakalpojumu metriku un neprasot manu\u0101ru iejauk\u0161anos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nJaut\u0101jums ir, vai jums tie\u0161\u0101m nepiecie\u0161amas visas \u0161\u012bs funkcijas. Nav iesp\u0113jams pa\u013cauties tikai uz abstrakcij\u0101m; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/jvns.ca\/blog\/2017\/08\/05\/how-kubernetes-certificates-work\/\">jums b\u016bs j\u0101iem\u0101c\u0101s, kas notiek aizkulis\u0113s<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u016bsu komanda nodro\u0161ina liel\u0101ko da\u013cu pakalpojumu att\u0101lin\u0101ti (sakar\u0101 ar tuvu saikni ar galveno infrastrukt\u016bru), t\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s nev\u0113l\u0113j\u0101mies uzcelt savu Kubernetes klasteri. M\u0113s v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101mies vienk\u0101r\u0161i sniegt pakalpojumus.<\/p>\n<h1>Baterijas nav iek\u013cautas<\/h1>\n<p>\nNomad ir 20% or\u0137estr\u0101cijas, kas sniedz 80% nepiecie\u0161am\u0101. Viss, ko tas dara, ir p\u0101rvalda dislok\u0101cijas. Nomad r\u016bp\u0113jas par dislok\u0101cij\u0101m, restart\u0113 konteinerus k\u013c\u016bdu gad\u012bjum\u0101... un tas ir viss.<\/p>\n<p>Visa Nomad j\u0113ga ir t\u0101, ko tas dara <i>minim\u0101li<\/i>: nav nek\u0101das detaliz\u0113tas ties\u012bbu p\u0101rvald\u012bbas vai <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/network-policies\/\">papla\u0161in\u0101t\u0101m t\u012bkla politik\u0101m<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u0101 speci\u0101li izstr\u0101d\u0101ts. \u0160ie komponenti tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ti no \u0101rpuses vai visp\u0101r netiek pied\u0101v\u0101ti.<\/p>\n<p>Dom\u0101ju, ka Nomad atrada ide\u0101lu l\u012bdzsvaru starp lieto\u0161anas vieglumu un lietder\u012bbu. Tas ir lieliski piem\u0113rots mazajiem, neatkar\u012bgajiem pakalpojumiem. Ja nepiecie\u0161ama liel\u0101ka kontrole, tad b\u016bs j\u0101dibina tie pa\u0161iem vai j\u0101izmanto cits pieejas veids. Nomad ir <i>vienk\u0101r\u0161s<\/i> or\u0137estrators.<\/p>\n<p>Vislab\u0101kais Nomad ir tas, ka to ir viegli <i>aizst\u0101t<\/i>. Piek\u013cuve pie pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101j\u0101m gandr\u012bz nav, jo t\u0101 funkcijas viegli integr\u0113jas ar jebkuru citu sist\u0113mu, kas p\u0101rvalda pakalpojumus. Tas darbojas k\u0101 parasts bin\u0101rais fails uz katras ma\u0161\u012bnas klaster\u012b, un tas ir viss!<\/p>\n<h1>Nomad ekosist\u0113ma sast\u0101v no v\u0101ji saist\u012btiem komponentiem.<\/h1>\n<p>\nRe\u0101l\u0101 jauda Nomad ir t\u0101s ekosist\u0113m\u0101. Tas \u013coti labi integr\u0113jas ar citiem \u2014 piln\u012bgi izv\u0113les \u2014 produktiem, piem\u0113ram, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.consul.io\/\">Consul<\/a><\/noindex> (atsl\u0113ga-v\u0113rt\u012bba kr\u0101tuve) vai <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vaultproject.io\/\">Vault<\/a><\/noindex> (nosl\u0113pumu apstr\u0101de). Iek\u0161 Nomad faila ir sada\u013cas, lai ieg\u016btu datus no \u0161iem pakalpojumiem:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">template {\n  data = &lt;&lt;EOH\nLOG_LEVEL=&quot;{{key &quot;service\/geo-api\/log-verbosity&quot;}}&quot;\nAPI_KEY=&quot;{{with secret &quot;secret\/geo-api-key&quot;}}{{.Data.value}}{{end}}&quot;\nEOH\n\n  destination = &quot;secrets\/file.env&quot;\n  env         = true\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u0160eit m\u0113s las\u0101m atsl\u0113gu <code>service\/geo-api\/log-verbosity<\/code> no Consul un procesa gait\u0101 pie\u0161\u0137iram to k\u0101 vides main\u012bgo <code>LOG_LEVEL<\/code>. M\u0113s ar\u012b pie\u0161\u0137iram atsl\u0113gu <code>secret\/geo-api-key<\/code> no Vault k\u0101 <code>API_KEY<\/code>. Viegli, bet jaud\u012bgi!<\/p>\n<p>Pateicoties savai vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bbai, Nomad viegli papla\u0161in\u0101s ar citiem pakalpojumiem caur API. Piem\u0113ram, tiek atbalst\u012bti mar\u0137\u0113jumi uz uzdevumiem. M\u0113s apz\u012bm\u0113jam visus pakalpojumus ar metrik\u0101m ar mar\u0137\u0113jumu <code>trv-metrics<\/code>. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di Prometheus viegli atrod \u0161os pakalpojumus caur Consul un regul\u0101ri p\u0101rbauda gala punktu <code>\/metrics<\/code> jauniem datiem. To pa\u0161u var izdar\u012bt, piem\u0113ram, ar \u017eurn\u0101liem, izmantojot <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/grafana.com\/loki\">Loki<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ir daudz citu papla\u0161in\u0101m\u012bbas piem\u0113ru:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jenkins uzdevuma palai\u0161ana ar s\u0101kuma sign\u0101lu, un Consul uzrauga Nomad uzdevuma atk\u0101rtotu izvieto\u0161anu, ja main\u0101s pakalpojuma konfigur\u0101cija.\n<\/li>\n<li>Ceph pievieno Nomad izplat\u012btu failu sist\u0113mu.\n<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/fabiolb\/fabio\">fabio<\/a><\/noindex> slodzes l\u012bdzsvaro\u0161ana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVisi \u0161ie aspekti \u013cauj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tech.trivago.com\/2019\/01\/25\/nomad-our-experiences-and-best-practices\/\">organiski att\u012bst\u012bt infrastrukt\u016bru<\/a><\/noindex> bez lielas saist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s ar pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju.<\/p>\n<h1>God\u012bgais br\u012bdin\u0101jums<\/h1>\n<p>\nNeviens sist\u0113ma nav perfekta. Neiesaku uzreiz ieviest produkcij\u0101 visjaun\u0101k\u0101s funkcijas. Protams, ir k\u013c\u016bdas un tr\u016bksto\u0161as funkcijas, bet tas pats attiecas ar\u012b uz Kubernetes.<\/p>\n<p>Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar Kubernetes, Nomad kopiena nav tik liela. Kubernetes ir ap 75 000 ap\u0146em\u0161anos un 2000 l\u012bdzdal\u012bbnieku, kam\u0113r Nomad ir ap 14 000 ap\u0146em\u0161anos un 300 l\u012bdzdal\u012bbnieku. Nomad b\u016bs gr\u016bti notur\u0113t un neatpalikt no Kubernetes \u0101truma, ta\u010du varb\u016bt tas ar\u012b nav nepiecie\u0161ams! T\u0101 ir specializ\u0113t\u0101ka sist\u0113ma, un maz\u0101ka kopiena noz\u012bm\u0113, ka j\u016bsu pull piepras\u012bjums tiks paman\u012bts un pie\u0146emts \u0101tr\u0101k, sal\u012bdzinot ar Kubernetes.<\/p>\n<h1>CV<\/h1>\n<p>\nSecin\u0101jums: nelietojiet Kubernetes tikai t\u0101p\u0113c, ka to dara visi. R\u016bp\u012bgi nov\u0113rt\u0113jiet savas pras\u012bbas un p\u0101rbaudiet, kur\u0161 r\u012bks ir izdev\u012bg\u0101ks.<\/p>\n<p>Ja pl\u0101nojat izv\u0113rst lielu homog\u0113nu pakalpojumu apjomu pla\u0161\u0101 infrastrukt\u016br\u0101, tad Kubernetes ir laba izv\u0113le. Tikai atcerieties par papildu sare\u017e\u0123\u012bjumiem un uztur\u0113\u0161anas izmaks\u0101m. K\u0101das izmaksas var izvair\u012bties, izmantojot p\u0101rvald\u012btu Kubernetes vidi, piem\u0113ram, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/kubernetes-engine\/\">Google Kubernetes Engine<\/a><\/noindex> vai <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/eks\/\">Amazon EKS<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ja vienk\u0101r\u0161i mekl\u0113jat uzticamu or\u0137estratoru, kas ir viegli uzturams un papla\u0161in\u0101ms, k\u0101p\u0113c gan neizm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t Nomad? Varb\u016bt j\u016bs p\u0101rsteigs, cik t\u0101lu tas j\u016bs noved\u012bs.<\/p>\n<p>Ja Kubernetes sal\u012bdzin\u0101tu ar ma\u0161\u012bnu, tad Nomad b\u016btu sk\u016bteris. Da\u017ereiz jums nepiecie\u0161ams viens, da\u017ereiz otrs. Abiem ir ties\u012bbas past\u0101v\u0113t.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445030\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0418\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f freepik, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f Nomad \u043e\u0442 HashiCorp Kubernetes\u00a0\u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e 300-\u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 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\u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" 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