{"id":32852,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/samye-strashnye-yady\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:19","slug":"samye-strashnye-yady","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/samye-strashnye-yady","title":{"rendered":"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/c29155d157771099bb00b13801adf86e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSveiki, %username%<\/p>\n<p>J\u0101, es zinu, virsraksts ir izplat\u012bts un Google ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 9000 saites, kur\u0101s aprakst\u012bti briesm\u012bgi indes un st\u0101st\u012bti \u0161ausmu st\u0101sti.<\/p>\n<p>Bet es negribu uzskait\u012bt to pa\u0161u. Negribu sacensties ar LD50 dev\u0101m un izlikties par ori\u0123in\u0101lu.<\/p>\n<p>Es gribu rakst\u012bt par ind\u0113m, ar kur\u0101m tu, %username%, katru dienu saskaries ar lielu risku. Un kas nav tik vienk\u0101r\u0161i k\u0101 to tuv\u0101kie radinieki.<\/p>\n<p>Ienaidnieku j\u0101zina sej\u0101. Un ceru - b\u016bs interesanti.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101tad - mana let\u0101l\u0101 desmitnieka! N\u0113, viss tom\u0113r b\u016bs mazliet ori\u0123in\u0101ls - DOKA!<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Dev\u012btais vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">T\u0101lijs<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/629492f67feea1b574a0a90a1f086e98.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nT\u0101lijs ir m\u012bksts sudrabaini balts met\u0101ls ar zilganu nokr\u0101su. Bild\u0113 tas ir ampul\u0101 - un tas nav bez iemesla. 600 mg t\u0101lija dro\u0161i nogalin\u0101s jebkuru veselu cilv\u0113ku - \u0161aj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 t\u0101lijs ir lab\u0101ks par vis\u0101m \u0161\u012bm cit\u0101m smagaj\u0101m ind\u0113m. Turkl\u0101t, t\u0101pat k\u0101 visas smag\u0101s indes, t\u0101lijs ir uzkr\u0101jo\u0161s indes - uzkr\u0101jo\u0161ies patolo\u0123iski simptomi hroniskas saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no klasiskaj\u0101m smagaj\u0101m ind\u0113m, kas pamat\u0101 saist\u0101s ar ciste\u012bna tiola grupu olbaltumviel\u0101s un trauc\u0113 t\u0113lotiem dz\u012bvot, t\u0101lijs ir vilt\u012bg\u0101ks: viena v\u0113rt\u012bbas t\u0101lija joni p\u0113c izm\u0113riem un \u0137\u012bmiskaj\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m sakr\u012bt ar k\u0101lija joniem, t\u0101p\u0113c tie aizst\u0101j k\u0101lija jonus bio\u0137\u012bmiskajos procesos. T\u0101lijs uzkr\u0101jas matos, kaulos, nier\u0113s un musku\u013cos, ietekm\u0113 perif\u0113ro nervu sist\u0113mu, gremo\u0161anas traktu un nieres.<\/p>\n<p>Rakstur\u012bgs saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s simptoms ar t\u0101lija savienojumiem ir da\u013c\u0113ja matu izkri\u0161ana, bet lielu devu gad\u012bjum\u0101 - piln\u012bga alop\u0113cija. Augstas devas gad\u012bjum\u0101 - alop\u0113cija nav rakstur\u012bga, jo cilv\u0113ks mirst no saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s pirms matu izkri\u0161anas. Tas ir, ja tu m\u012bli sk\u016bt galvu, vari m\u0113\u0123in\u0101t sp\u0113l\u0113t ar devu, bet past\u0101v risks netikt pie pareizas devas.<\/p>\n<p>Saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar t\u0101liju vai t\u0101 savienojumiem antidota veid\u0101 izmanto Berl\u012bnes laz\u016bru, pirm\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u012bba saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101 ar t\u0101liju - ku\u0146\u0123a skalo\u0161ana ar 0,3 % n\u0101trija tiosulf\u0101ta \u0161\u0137\u012bdumu ar akt\u012bv\u0101s ogles pulveri. Teikts, ka pal\u012bdz, bet tas nav prec\u012bzi.<\/p>\n<p>Paties\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101lijs nevar tikt uzskat\u012bts par strat\u0113\u0123isku indi, t\u0101p\u0113c k\u0101p\u0113c tas visp\u0101r ir man\u0101 sarakst\u0101? Paties\u012bba ir t\u0101da, ka liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 laboratoriju, kas veic \u016bdens un p\u0101rtikas anal\u012bzes, tiek izmantots <noindex>br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bgs kalibr\u0113\u0161anas \u0161\u0137\u012bdums IV<\/noindex>. Es biju aculiecinieks, k\u0101 \u0161o \u0161\u0137\u012bdumu uz\u0146em pipete, jo nebija gumijas bumbas \u2014 <i>vilka \u0161\u0137\u012bdumu ar muti<\/i>. Ko lai es saku... Neap\u0161aub\u0101mi, tas nav lab\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 ieg\u016bt Darwin balvu.<\/p>\n<h3>Astot\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Fosg\u0113ns<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5b2a40d2cf08ad25bb7e8572d2ee6e8c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVienk\u0101r\u0161ais fosg\u0113ns paties\u012bb\u0101 ir lielisks: cilv\u0113ce to paz\u012bst kop\u0161 1812. gada, tom\u0113r \u0161is 'gaismas rad\u012btais' (tie\u0161i t\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 tiek tulkots nosaukums no fran\u010du valodas) g\u0101ze noteikti nav labv\u0113l\u012bga: t\u0101 izraisa toksisku plau\u0161u t\u016bsku, ko nesulaika izmantoja da\u017ei labv\u0113l\u012bgi cilv\u0113ki, kad ind\u0113ja citus labv\u0113l\u012bgus cilv\u0113kus Pirmaj\u0101 pasaules kar\u0101. Fosg\u0113na kontakts ar plau\u0161u audiem izraisa alveolu caurlaid\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumus un \u0101tri progres\u0113jo\u0161u plau\u0161u t\u016bsku. Labv\u0113l\u012bgi cilv\u0113ki to izmantoja, bet ar\u012b <i>joproj\u0101m nav izstr\u0101d\u0101ts antidoze fosg\u0113nam<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Burv\u012bba un vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bba ir t\u0101da, ka pirmie ac\u012bmredzamie saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s simptomi par\u0101d\u0101s p\u0113c sl\u0113pt\u0101 perioda no 4 l\u012bdz 8 stund\u0101m, ir nov\u0113roti pat 15 stundu periodi. P\u0113c tam s\u0101kas sp\u0113c\u012bga klepus, elpas tr\u016bkums, zilums sej\u0101 un l\u016bp\u0101s. Progres\u0113jo\u0161a plau\u0161u t\u016bsku noved pie stipras aizr\u012b\u0161an\u0101s, moko\u0161a spiediena kr\u016bt\u012bs, elpo\u0161anas ritms palielin\u0101s, da\u017ereiz l\u012bdz 60-70 reiz\u0113m min\u016bt\u0113. Elpo\u0161ana ir krampjveid\u012bga. Mazliet deta\u013cu: prote\u012bnu saturo\u0161a t\u016bskain\u0101 putojo\u0161a un viskoza \u0161\u0137idruma iz\u0161\u013cakst\u0101s no alveoliem un bronhioliem plau\u0161\u0101s uz pla\u0161\u0101kaj\u0101m elpce\u013c\u0101m, kas noved pie elpo\u0161anas gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m un neiesp\u0113jam\u012bbas. Ko \u0161aj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b dara nelaim\u012bgais un k\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 izskat\u0101s \u2014 atceries \u0161ausmu att\u0113lus? Tie\u0161i t\u0101. Pie toksiskas plau\u0161u t\u016bskas aptuveni puse no kop\u0113j\u0101 asins daudzuma \u0137ermen\u012b tiek novirz\u012bta uz plau\u0161\u0101m, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 t\u0101s uzbriest un palielin\u0101s mas\u0101. Kam\u0113r norm\u0101la plau\u0161a sver apm\u0113ram 500-600 gramus, var\u0113ja nov\u0113rot 'fosg\u0113na' plau\u0161as, kas sv\u0113ra l\u012bdz 2,5 kilogramiem.<\/p>\n<p>Galu gal\u0101 asinsspiediens strauji kr\u012btas, saind\u0113tais ir stipr\u0101 satraukum\u0101, elpo ar troksni, ievelk gaisu mut\u0113, p\u0113c tam iest\u0101jas n\u0101ve.<\/p>\n<p>Izn\u0101k ar\u012b gad\u012bjumi, kad saind\u0113tais izvair\u0101s no lieka kust\u012bbu un, lai atvieglotu elpo\u0161anu, izv\u0113las k\u0101du vis\u0113rt\u0101ko st\u0101ju. \u0160\u0101du saind\u0113to cilv\u0113ku l\u016bpas ir pel\u0113kas, sviedri auksti un lip\u012bgi. Neskatoties uz nosmak\u0161anu, kr\u0113pas no vi\u0146iem nenodal\u0101s. P\u0113c da\u017e\u0101m dien\u0101m saind\u0113tais mirst. Retos gad\u012bjumos p\u0113c 2\u20133 dien\u0101m var nov\u0113rot st\u0101vok\u013ca uzlabo\u0161anos, kas p\u0113c 2\u20133 ned\u0113\u013c\u0101m var beigties ar atvese\u013co\u0161anos, ta\u010du bie\u017ei notiek komplik\u0101cijas, ko izraisa sekund\u0101ras infekcijas, kas noved pie let\u0101la izn\u0101kuma.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101tad, k\u0101 just fosgenu un izb\u0113gt no saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 garo latent\u0101 perioda un to, ka g\u0101ze nav gar\u0161as un p\u0113c smar\u017eas atg\u0101dina sapuvu\u0161us aug\u013cus vai sienu \u2014 nevis visspraig\u0101, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, k\u0101 smar\u017eo mikroautobus\u0101, kur\u0101 tu brauc? D\u012bvaini \u2014 sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t: sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana gais\u0101, kur\u0101 ir fosgens, ir nekomfortabli vai pat neiesp\u0113jami.<\/p>\n<p>Fosgens akt\u012bvi tiek izmantots organiskaj\u0101 sint\u0113z\u0113: kr\u0101su ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b poliikarbon\u0101ta termoplastu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101. Bet tu, %username%, atceries: fosgens veidojas, sadedzinot hloru saturo\u0161us freonus. Interesanti, ka \u0161\u012b iemesla d\u0113\u013c ir aizliegts sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t, apkalpojot ledusskapju ma\u0161\u012bnas un iek\u0101rtas. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101jam ir liel\u0101kas iesp\u0113jas sajust kaut ko nepareizu \u2014 gr\u016bti teikt, kas ir svar\u012bg\u0101k.<\/p>\n<h3>Sept\u012bt\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Svins<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/40fb4431f730f7068efa4392e4398cdb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> un <b class=\"spoiler_title\">Tetraetilsvins<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/812315c42c02a8c623e4bee4b5648a39.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNu par svina toksiskumu un to, k\u0101 tas izskat\u0101s, zina visi. Tom\u0113r neviens neuztraucas tur\u0113t to rok\u0101s, un da\u017ereiz pat \u0113st sviestmaizes ar \u0161\u012bm pa\u0161\u0101m rok\u0101m. Neviens neuztraucas p\u0101rkaus\u0113t svina ie\u017eu un elpot t\u0101s d\u016bmas. Tom\u0113r svins ir \u013coti ind\u012bgs un, k\u0101 visi smagie met\u0101li, ir lieliska sp\u0113ja uzkr\u0101ties. Svins var uzkr\u0101ties kaulos, izraisot to pak\u0101penisku izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anu, koncentr\u0113jas akn\u0101s un nier\u0113s. T\u0101tad, uzkr\u0101joties d\u0101rgajai devai, tu, %username%, likumsakar\u012bgi sajut\u012bsi sevi nedaudz neomul\u012bgi: par\u0101d\u012bsies s\u0101pes v\u0113der\u0101, loc\u012btav\u0101s, krampji, \u0123\u012bbo\u0146i. Turpinot, iesp\u0113jams, redz\u0113si gaismu tune\u013ca gal\u0101 ar vis\u0101m sek\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p>\u012apa\u0161i b\u012bstama ir svina ietekme uz b\u0113rniem: ilgsto\u0161as iedarb\u012bbas rezult\u0101t\u0101 tas izraisa gar\u012bgu atpalic\u012bbu un hroniskas smadze\u0146u saslim\u0161anas.<\/p>\n<p>Starp citu, svina acet\u0101ts ir salds! Tu nezin\u0101ji, %username%? J\u0101-j\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c to sauc par svina cukuru. Saltykov-\u0160\u010dedrin pat min\u0113ja to viltoto v\u012bnu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Uz mucu ielej kausu spirtu, un tad, atkar\u012bb\u0101 no ra\u017eot\u0101 v\u012bna \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m: maderai \u2014 tik daudz melases, malagai \u2014 darvas, reeksin\u0101jam \u2014 cukura svina un t\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k. \u0160o mais\u012bjumu maisa, l\u012bdz tas k\u013c\u016bst viendab\u012bgs, un p\u0113c tam to aizsl\u0113dz...<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nStarptautisk\u0101 \u0161\u012b v\u0101rda 'svins' un 'v\u012bns' saist\u012bba - senie romie\u0161i (un Kauk\u0101z\u0101) glab\u0101ja v\u012bnu svina traukos, kas c\u0113la tam \u012bpatn\u0113ju gar\u0161u. \u0160o gar\u0161u nov\u0113rt\u0113ja tik augstu, ka nepiev\u0113rsa uzman\u012bbu saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar ind\u012bg\u0101m viel\u0101m iesp\u0113jam\u012bbai. Nu j\u0101, dz\u012bvo \u0101tri \u2014 mirsti jaun\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Tom\u0113r \u012bpa\u0161a uzman\u012bba j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 tetraetilsvinam \u2014 bezkr\u0101sainai e\u013c\u013cainai gaisto\u0161ai \u0161\u0137idrumam, kas ilgu laiku tika izmantots k\u0101 antidetonsants benz\u012bnam (tie\u0161i t\u0101ds Leaded Petrol). Padomju Savien\u012bb\u0101 benz\u012bn\u0101 pievienoja kr\u0101svielu, lai mar\u0137\u0113tu tetraetilsvina kl\u0101tb\u016btni: l\u012bdz 1979. gadam benz\u012bni, kas satur tetraetilsvinu, A\u041893, A-76 un A-66, tika kr\u0101soti attiec\u012bgi zil\u0101, za\u013c\u0101 un oran\u017e\u0101 kr\u0101s\u0101; kop\u0161 1979. gada svina benz\u012bni tika kr\u0101soti oran\u017ei-sarkani (A\u0418-93), dzelten\u0101 (A-76), zil\u0101 (A\u0418-98), za\u013c\u0101 (A-66) vai roz\u0101 (A-72) kr\u0101s\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Tas tika dar\u012bts ne tikai izskata d\u0113\u013c un pirc\u0113ju piesaist\u012b\u0161anai \u2014 turkl\u0101t izpl\u016bdes g\u0101zes pies\u0101r\u0146oja visu apk\u0101rt\u0113jo vidi ar svinu, un pats tetraetilsvins ir ar vair\u0101k\u0101m pat\u012bkam\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, s\u0101kot no kancerogenit\u0101tes l\u012bdz \u013coti augsta toksicit\u0101te. Tas sp\u0113j iek\u013c\u016bt gan caur tvaikiem (nez\u0101le lido, neaizmirs\u012bsim), gan caur \u0101du. \u0160\u012b viela selekt\u012bvi boj\u0101 nervu sist\u0113mu, radot ak\u016btas, subak\u016btas un hroniskas saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjumus (j\u0101-j\u0101, t\u0101pat k\u0101 svins \u0161\u012b viela pat\u012bk uzkr\u0101ties). <\/p>\n<p>Bie\u017e\u0101k saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ir ak\u016btas un subak\u016btas. Vispirms tiek ietekm\u0113ta liela smadze\u0146u garoza. Starpveida smadze\u0146u autonomo centru rajon\u0101 veidojas st\u0101vok\u013ca centrs, kas izraisa nopietnas kognit\u012bv\u0101s un subkognit\u012bv\u0101s saist\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumus.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 ak\u016btas saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s stadij\u0101 izpau\u017eas izteikti ve\u0123etat\u012bvi trauc\u0113jumi: samazin\u0101s \u0137erme\u0146a temperat\u016bra un asinsspiediens, miegs tiek trauc\u0113ts, par\u0101d\u0101s notur\u012bgas n\u0101ves bailes nakt\u012bs, trauc\u0113ta, nom\u0101kta noska\u0146a. Rakstur\u012bga ir matu vai pavedienu saj\u016bta uz m\u0113les.<\/p>\n<p>Preizkulmin\u0101cijas stadij\u0101 par\u0101d\u0101s izteikti psihiski trauc\u0113jumi: bailes no n\u0101ves s\u0101k satraukt ne tikai nakt\u012b, bet ar\u012b dien\u0101, rodas dzirdes, redzes un taustes halucin\u0101cijas bied\u0113jo raksturu, vaj\u0101\u0161anas un attiec\u012bbu m\u0101nijas. Zem m\u0101nijas ietekmes att\u012bst\u0101s psihomotoriska uzbudin\u0101jums, pacients k\u013c\u016bst agres\u012bvs, bie\u017ei ir gad\u012bjumi, kad, cen\u0161oties gl\u0101bt savu dz\u012bv\u012bbu no it k\u0101 vi\u0146us vaj\u0101jo\u0161\u0101m person\u0101m, cilv\u0113ki izlec no logiem. <\/p>\n<p>K kulmin\u0101cijas stadij\u0101 psihomotoriskais uzbudin\u0101jums sasniedz maksim\u0101lo spriedzi. Apzi\u0146a ir apjukusi. Nelaim\u012bgajam \u0161\u0137iet, ka vi\u0146u grie\u017e gabalos, ka \u0137ermeni apvij \u010d\u016bskas utt. Var att\u012bst\u012bties epilepsijas l\u0113kmes. Psihomotorisk\u0101 uzbudin\u0101juma augstum\u0101 palielin\u0101s temperat\u016bra (l\u012bdz 40 \u00b0C), paaugstin\u0101s spiediens un sirdsdarb\u012bbas ritms. Nosl\u0113gums ir skaidrs: kolapss, n\u0101ve.<\/p>\n<p>Ja tom\u0113r paveiksies \u2014 prognoze ir labv\u0113l\u012bga: psihomotorisk\u0101 uzbudin\u0101juma viet\u0101 n\u0101k ve\u0123etat\u012bvi-astenisks st\u0101voklis. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 paliek psihes defekti, emocion\u0101la stulb\u012bbas, intelekta samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, interese pret apk\u0101rt\u0113jo zaud\u0113\u0161ana utt. \u2014 bet tu dz\u012bvos. Neesmu p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, ka laim\u012bgi.<\/p>\n<p>Starpcitu, vai atceries vecm\u0101mi\u0146u st\u0101stus par bied\u0113jo toksikologu, kas sniff\u0113 benz\u012bnu? J\u0101! Saska\u0146\u0101 ar ietekm\u012bgu hipot\u0113zi, kas izteikta, lai izskaidrotu noziedz\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146a sv\u0101rst\u012bbas XX gadsimta otraj\u0101 pus\u0113 un XXI gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101, saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar tetraetilsvinu b\u0113rn\u012bb\u0101 izrais\u012bja centr\u0101l\u0101s nervu sist\u0113mas att\u012bst\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumus, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 pieauga delikventu uzved\u012bba pieaugu\u0161\u0101 vecum\u0101, kas noveda pie noziedz\u012bbas pieauguma no 1960. gadiem l\u012bdz 1990. gadu s\u0101kumam. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o hipot\u0113zi, noziedz\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146a samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s no 1990. gadiem ir izskaidrojama ar benz\u012bna pat\u0113ri\u0146a samazin\u0101\u0161anos, kas ra\u017eots ar tetraetilsvina izmanto\u0161anu s\u0101kot no 1970. gadiem.<\/p>\n<p>Ja ja gad\u012bjum\u0101 tev veicas slikti un tu esi saind\u0113jies ar tetraetilsvinu, tevi \u0101rst\u0113s k\u0101 parasti psihop\u0101tu: ar miegaz\u0101l\u0113m (barbitur\u0101tiem), heksen\u0101lu, aminaz\u012bnu, narkotik\u0101m (iz\u0146emot morf\u012bnu, kas dod paradoks\u0101lu efektu, pastiprinot uzbudin\u0101jumu). Tiek noz\u012bm\u0113ta ar\u012b intravenoza glikoze ar B grupas vitam\u012bniem un askorb\u012bnsk\u0101bi, dehidrat\u0113jo\u0161ie l\u012bdzek\u013ci (glikoze, magnija sulf\u0101ts), k\u0101 ar\u012b sirds un asinsvadu l\u012bdzek\u013ci (kolapss). Varb\u016bt no tevis izdosies atkal izveidot cilv\u0113ku. Ja paveiksies \u2014 tad pat sapr\u0101t\u012bgu.<\/p>\n<p>Starp citu, tetraetilsvins visur ir aizliegts, j\u0101. Krievij\u0101 \u2014 kop\u0161 2002. gada 15. novembra, bet da\u017ereiz, skatoties uz apk\u0101rt\u0113jiem, man rodas \u0161aubas...<\/p>\n<h3>Sest\u0101 vieta.<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Botsulotoks\u012bns<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/11c387d527e22940c6bd62468c057191.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSare\u017e\u0123\u012bts neirotoks\u012bns, kas ir proteinisk\u0101 daba, ko ra\u017eo bakt\u0113rijas Clostridium botulinum. Stiprs no visiem zin\u0101majiem neirotoks\u012bniem \u2014 puslet\u0101l\u0101 deva ir aptuveni 0,000001 mg\/kg tava v\u0101ja \u0137erme\u0146a.<\/p>\n<p>Starp citu, botulotoks\u012bns ir viens no sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101kajiem prote\u012bniem, ko sint\u0113z\u0113 dabiski.<\/p>\n<p>Ko tu sajut\u012bsi, kad \u0161\u012b dabas sint\u0113zes virsotne non\u0101ks tav\u0101 ku\u0146\u0123\u012b? Indes izraisa trauc\u0113jumus galvas smadze\u0146u nervu, skeleta muskulat\u016bras un sirds nervu centru darb\u012bb\u0101. Priek\u0161\u0101 par\u0101d\u012bsies migla, mu\u0161i\u0146as, daudziem s\u0101kas \u0161\u0137iel\u0113\u0161ana (nevis t\u0101p\u0113c, ka tu esi p\u0101r\u0101k daudz izdz\u0113ris uz ball\u012btes). V\u0113l\u0101k pievienojas runas un nor\u012b\u0161anas trauc\u0113jumi, maskveida seja. N\u0101ve iest\u0101jas no hipoksijas, kas izraisa sk\u0101bek\u013ca apmai\u0146as trauc\u0113jumus, elpce\u013cu asfiksiju, elpojo\u0161\u0101s muskulat\u016bras un sirds muskulat\u016bras paral\u012bzi. \u012asum\u0101 \u2014 tu nomirsi, un, protams, diezgan mokPilni.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101p\u0113c tie\u0161i sest\u0101 vieta? Paties\u012bb\u0101 klostridijas botulinum \u2014 vien\u012bg\u0101s, kas neizplata \u0161\u012b toks\u012bna ra\u017eo\u0161anas nosl\u0113pumus \u2014 \u013coti nepat\u012bk str\u0101d\u0101t gais\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101s galvenok\u0101rt var atrast konservos un des\u0101s \u2014 \u012bpa\u0161i konserv\u0113t\u0101s cept\u0101s s\u0113n\u0113s un lielos gabalos ga\u013c\u0101 un ziv\u012bs ar virsmas boj\u0101jumiem. Otr\u0101 vieta \u2014 medic\u012bna: tas ir Botox, Relatox, Xeomin, BTXA, Dysport, Neuronox. T\u0101tad, ja tevi p\u0101r\u0161pric\u0113 ar ko l\u012bdz\u012bgu \u2014 ir visas izredzes piedz\u012bvot neaprakst\u0101mu kompleksu visu labumu, kas aprakst\u012bts iepriek\u0161. \u017d\u0113l, ka p\u0113c tam neb\u016bs, kam par to past\u0101st\u012bt.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101 izsist? Ne\u0113d to, kas san\u0101k. Bet ja \u0113d \u2014 tad p\u0113c termisk\u0101s apstr\u0101des: botulotoksi\u0146\u0161 \u013coti nepat\u012bk, kad to cep vai v\u0101ra. Neskatoties uz to, ka \u0161\u012b viela nebaid\u0101s no ku\u0146\u0123a sulas, t\u0101 piln\u012bb\u0101 izn\u012bkst v\u0101r\u012b\u0161anas proces\u0101 25-30 min\u016b\u0161u laik\u0101.<\/p>\n<h3>Piekt\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Amatoks\u012bni<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d5a9720be797e4d8512f8dc7f8640804.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPaties\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101 ir ind\u012bgu vielu grupa, viss atkar\u012bgs no t\u0101, kas piestiprin\u0101ts R1..R5 viet\u0101. P\u0113c savas b\u016bt\u012bbas tie ir cikliski oktapept\u012bdi, kas sast\u0101v no asto\u0146\u0101m aminosk\u0101bju atlikumu. Tie sastopami Amanita, Galerina un Lepiota s\u0113\u0146u aug\u013c\u0137erme\u0146os \u2014 j\u0101, j\u0101, b\u0101l\u0101 p\u016bt\u012bte ir tie\u0161i no \u0161ejienes.<\/p>\n<p>Amatoks\u012bni ir da\u017ei no sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kajiem hepatotoks\u012bniem pasaul\u0113. T\u0101tad, cik daudz tu neizdzertu, %username%, tas nevar sal\u012bdzin\u0101t ar \u0161o skaistumu: amatoks\u012bni dro\u0161i blo\u0137\u0113 RNS-polimer\u0101zi II, kas blo\u0137\u0113 mRNS sint\u0113zi un izraisa hepatoc\u012btu nekrozi. Un, t\u0101 k\u0101 m\u016bsu pasaul\u0113 bez akn\u0101m neizdz\u012bvot \u2014 visp\u0101r, tu saprati.<\/p>\n<p>\u012apa\u0161i pat\u012bkams \u0161\u012bs nez\u0101les aspekts ir garais latentais periods: 6-30 stundas. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka tu dro\u0161i nepag\u016bsi atg\u016bties un izskalot ku\u0146\u0123i. Simptomi par\u0101d\u0101s p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i: stipras, nemier\u012bgas vem\u0161anas, s\u0101pes v\u0113der\u0101, caureja. Caurejas izdal\u012bjumos (nu tu saprati) nov\u0113ro asinis, jo notiek enteroc\u012btu zarn\u0101s destrukcija. Kas \u0161aj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b notiek ar akn\u0101m\u2026 man patie\u0161\u0101m negribas dom\u0101t. Palielin\u0101s v\u0101jumus, \u016bdens-elektrol\u012btu l\u012bdzsvara trauc\u0113jumi. Otraj\u0101 - tre\u0161aj\u0101 dien\u0101 att\u012bst\u0101s toksisk\u0101s hepatop\u0101tijas paz\u012bmes: aknas palielin\u0101s, garast\u0101voklis pasliktin\u0101s, par\u0101d\u0101s dzelte un hemor\u0101\u0123isk\u0101 diat\u0113ze \u2014 tas ir, kad tevi apvij asins izsitumi. Att\u012bst\u0101s nefropatija, aknu-nieru nepietiekam\u012bba, hepatargija, an\u016brija, koma. Viss ir skumji. \u013boti smagi saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s notiek b\u0113rniem, \u012bpa\u0161i b\u012bstami, ja organism\u0101 iek\u013c\u016bst liels toks\u012bnu daudzums (vair\u0101k nek\u0101 200 mg): \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 intoksik\u0101cijas att\u012bst\u012bba notiek zibens \u0101trum\u0101, strauji izraisot aknu atrofiju un \u0101tru let\u0101lu izn\u0101kumu.<\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101 n\u0101ves c\u0113lonis ir ak\u016bta aknu nepietiekam\u012bba, ret\u0101k ak\u016bta aknu-nieru nepietiekam\u012bba. Pat ja tu izdz\u012bvo, tad, visticam\u0101k, ieg\u016bsi neatgriezeniskas izmai\u0146as aknu audu strukt\u016br\u0101, kas izr\u0101d\u0101s ar kop\u0113jiem nekroziem.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101 no t\u0101 izb\u0113gt? Diem\u017e\u0113l amatoks\u012bni ir iztur\u012bg\u0101ki pret siltumu nek\u0101 botulotoks\u012bni. Jebkur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 neizliec sevi par s\u0113\u0146u mekl\u0113t\u0101ju, un, ja jau esi izg\u0101jis me\u017e\u0101, atrodi k\u0101du citu nodarbi! Nep\u0113rc s\u0113nes no vec\u0101m kundz\u0113m, pat ja t\u0101s izskat\u0101s \u013coti m\u012b\u013cas! Atceries par Sniegul\u012bti \u2014 un tev nav ne r\u016bti\u0146u, ne paz\u012bstamu prin\u010du!<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101 neparasti, intoksik\u0101cijas gad\u012bjum\u0101 pal\u012bdz augstas penicil\u012bna devas. Run\u0101, ka silibinins (silib\u012bns) \u2014 b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 ir koncentr\u0101ts no s\u0113klu augu ekstrakta \u2014 ir pretl\u012bdzeklis pret amatoks\u012bniem, bet tas nav prec\u012bzi pier\u0101d\u012bts. Daudzi pied\u0101v\u0101 piedal\u012bties testos, bet kaut k\u0101p\u0113c neviens nevar piekrist.<\/p>\n<h3>Ceturt\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Aflatoks\u012bni<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2220d35a34cfa31186e3b2230e2262f4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAflatoks\u012bni ir poliket\u012bdu grupa, ko ra\u017eo mikroskopiskie s\u0113n\u012btes (mikromicetes) no vair\u0101kiem Aspergillus dzimtas veidiem (galvenok\u0101rt A. flavus un A. parasiticus). \u0160ie s\u012bkie organismi aug uz graudiem, s\u0113kl\u0101m un aug\u013ciem, kuros ir augsts e\u013c\u013cas saturs \u2014 piem\u0113ram, uz zemesriekstu s\u0113kl\u0101m. Aflatoks\u012bni laika gait\u0101 un nepareizas uzglab\u0101\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cos veidojas no novecojo\u0161\u0101m t\u0113jas un cit\u0101m z\u0101l\u0113m. Toks\u012bns tiek atrasts ar\u012b dz\u012bvnieku pien\u0101, kuri pat\u0113r\u0113ju\u0161i infic\u0113tu bar\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p>No visiem biolo\u0123iski ra\u017eotajiem ind\u0113m aflatoks\u012bni ir sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kie aknu v\u0113zi izraiso\u0161ie toks\u012bni, kas l\u012bdz \u0161im atkl\u0101ti. Ja organism\u0101 non\u0101k augsta inde deva, n\u0101ve iest\u0101jas da\u017eu dienu laik\u0101 neatgriezenisku aknu boj\u0101jumu d\u0113\u013c, savuk\u0101rt, ja non\u0101k zema deva, att\u012bst\u0101s hronisks aflatoksikozs, kas raksturojas ar im\u016bnsist\u0113mas nom\u0101kumu, DNS boj\u0101jumiem, onkog\u0113nu aktiv\u0101ciju \u2014 galu gal\u0101 aknu v\u0113zi. J\u0101, %username%, ap\u0113dot ne p\u0101r\u0101k labu zemesriekstu vai s\u0113klas \u2014 tu nokl\u016bsi. Varb\u016bt ne t\u016bl\u012bt, bet garant\u0113ti un moko\u0161i.<\/p>\n<p>Aflatoks\u012bni ir iztur\u012bgi pret produktu termiskaj\u0101m apstr\u0101d\u0113m \u2014 t\u0101p\u0113c ceptie zemesrieksti to attiecina ar\u012b uz sevi. <\/p>\n<p>Att\u012bst\u012btaj\u0101s valst\u012bs tiek veikta stingra produktu uzraudz\u012bba, kur visbie\u017e\u0101k sastopami aflatoks\u012bni (zemesrieksti, kukur\u016bza, \u0137irbju s\u0113klas utt.), infic\u0113t\u0101s partijas tiek izn\u012bcin\u0101tas. Att\u012bst\u012bbas valst\u012bs, kur \u0161\u0101da kontrole neeksist\u0113, produktu infic\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar pel\u0113juma s\u0113n\u012bt\u0113m paliek nopietns izdz\u012bvo\u0161anas faktors. Piem\u0113ram, Mozambik\u0101 mirst\u012bba no aknu v\u0113\u017ea ir 50 reizes augst\u0101ka nek\u0101 Francij\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Kurai valstij tu piederi, %username%?<\/p>\n<h3>Paaugstin\u0101m likmes! Tre\u0161\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Dz\u012bvsudrabs<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2ba76578fa9ec6c834eb0b43e09c3c22.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> un it \u012bpa\u0161i \u2014 <b class=\"spoiler_title\">Metildz\u012bvsudrabs<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/fa4b9a0370b33146d8794b03b4666f4a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPar dz\u012bvsudraba kait\u012bgumu zina visi. Par to, ka lauzt termometrus un sp\u0113l\u0113t ar skaistiem burvju bumbi\u0146\u0101m \u2014 es ceru ar\u012b.<\/p>\n<p>Dz\u012bvsudrabs un visi t\u0101 savienojumi ir ind\u012bgi. Dz\u012bvsudraba iedarb\u012bba \u2014 pat maz\u0101s dev\u0101s \u2014 var izrais\u012bt nopietnas vesel\u012bbas probl\u0113mas un apdraud\u0113t aug\u013ca iek\u0161\u0113jo att\u012bst\u012bbu un b\u0113rna att\u012bst\u012bbu agr\u012bn\u0101s dz\u012bves stadij\u0101s. Dz\u012bvsudrabs var negat\u012bvi ietekm\u0113t nervu, gremo\u0161anas un im\u016bnsist\u0113mas, k\u0101 ar\u012b plau\u0161as, nieres, \u0101du un acis. PVO uzskata dz\u012bvsudrabu par vienu no desmit galvenajiem \u0137\u012bmiskajiem elementiem vai \u0137\u012bmisko savienojumu grup\u0101m, kas rada noz\u012bm\u012bgu sabiedr\u012bbas vesel\u012bbas probl\u0113mu.<\/p>\n<p>Bet paties\u012bb\u0101 tas ir tagad. Tie pa\u0161i \u0101rsti l\u012bdz pat 1970. gadiem \u013coti akt\u012bvi izmantoja dz\u012bvsudraba savienojumus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dz\u012bvsudraba (I) hlor\u012bds (kalomelis) \u2014 caurejas l\u012bdzeklis;<\/li>\n<li>merkur\u0101ls un promer\u0101ns \u2014 sp\u0113c\u012bgi diur\u0113tiskie l\u012bdzek\u013ci;<\/li>\n<li>dz\u012bvsudraba (II) hlor\u012bds, dz\u012bvsudraba (II) cian\u012bds, amido dz\u012bvsudraba hlor\u012bds un dzeltenais dz\u012bv\u0101s sudraba oks\u012bds (II) \u2014 antiseptiki (tostarp zied\u0113s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIr zin\u0101mi gad\u012bjumi, kad zarnu v\u0113rpes gad\u012bjum\u0101 slimniekam ku\u0146\u0123\u012b iel\u0113ja gl\u0101zi dz\u012bvsudraba. Senie dziednieki, kas ieteica \u0161o \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas metodi, uzskat\u012bja, ka dz\u012bvsudrabs, pateicoties savai smagumam un kust\u012bbai, b\u016btu j\u0101iziet caur zarn\u0101m un ar savu svaru j\u0101atvieglo t\u0101s sakr\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s da\u013cas.<\/p>\n<p>Dzintara prepar\u0101ti tika lietoti kop\u0161 XVI gadsimta (PSRS l\u012bdz 1963. gadam) sifilisa \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anai. Tas bija saist\u012bts ar to, ka b\u0101l\u0101 trepon\u0113ma, kas izraisa sifilisu, ir \u013coti jut\u012bga pret organiskajiem un neorganiskajiem savienojumiem, kas blo\u0137\u0113 tiola fermentu sulfhidrila grupas \u2014 dz\u012bvsudraba, ars\u0113na, bismuta un joda savienojumiem. Tom\u0113r \u0161\u0101da \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana bija nepietiekami efekt\u012bva un \u013coti toksiska pacientam, kura organism\u0101 ar\u012b ir sulfhidrila grupas, lai ar\u012b vair\u0101k nek\u0101 nelaim\u012bgaj\u0101 trepon\u0113m\u0101. \u0160\u0101da \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana rad\u012bja piln\u012bgu matu izkri\u0161anu un augstu nopietnu komplik\u0101ciju att\u012bst\u012b\u0161an\u0101s risku. Neskatoties uz to, labest\u012bgi, cilv\u0113kam\u012bli \u0101rsti g\u0101ja v\u0113l t\u0101l\u0101k: tika pielietotas visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s merkuriz\u0101cijas metodes, kur\u0101s pacients tika ievietots sild\u0101m\u0101 trauk\u0101, kur\u0101 tika padoti dz\u012bvsudraba tvaiki. \u0160\u012b metode, lai ar\u012b bija relat\u012bvi efekt\u012bva, tom\u0113r blakuspar\u0101d\u012bbas un n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161a dz\u012bvsudraba saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s risks noveda pie t\u0101s pak\u0101peniskas izsl\u0113g\u0161anas no kl\u012bnisk\u0101s prakses.<\/p>\n<p>Interesanti, ka sudraba amalgam\u0101 to izmantoja zob\u0101rstniec\u012bb\u0101 k\u0101 zobu plomb\u0113\u0161anas materi\u0101lu l\u012bdz gaismas ciet\u0113jo materi\u0101lu par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s. Atceries to katru reizi, kad virs tevis noliecas simp\u0101tiska zob\u0101rste brill\u0113s!<\/p>\n<p>Visb\u012bstam\u0101kie ir dz\u012bvsudraba tvaiki un \u0161\u0137\u012bsto\u0161ie savienojumi. Pats met\u0101lisks dz\u012bvsudrabs ir maz\u0101k b\u012bstams, tom\u0113r tas pak\u0101peniski iztvaiko pat istabas temperat\u016br\u0101, un tvaiki var izrais\u012bt smagu saind\u0113\u0161anos \u2014 un, starp citu, tvaikiem nav smar\u017eas. Dz\u012bvsudrabs un t\u0101 savienojumi (sul\u0113ma, kalomel\u012bns, cinabrs, dz\u012bvsudraba cian\u012bds) ietekm\u0113 nervu sist\u0113mu, aknas, nieres, gremo\u0161anas traktu, ieelpojot \u2014 elpce\u013cus. Dz\u012bvsudrabs ir tipisks kumulat\u012bvo inde p\u0101rst\u0101vis.<\/p>\n<p>Nedaudz atsevi\u0161\u0137i st\u0101v org\u0101niskie dz\u012bvsudraba savienojumi, \u012bpa\u0161i \u2013 metildz\u012bvsudrabs. Parasti tas veidojas, pateicoties dibena mikroorganismu metabolisma procesiem, kad dz\u012bvsudrabs non\u0101k \u016bde\u0146os. \u0160\u012b viela ir \u013coti ind\u012bga. Toksicit\u0101te ir augst\u0101ka nek\u0101 dz\u012bvsudrabam, pateicoties akt\u012bv\u0101kai mijiedarb\u012bbai ar s\u0113ra grup\u0101m enzim\u0113s un, attiec\u012bgi, \u0161o enz\u012bmu inaktiv\u0101cijai. T\u0101 k\u0101 viela ir kovalentais savienojums un maz\u0101k pol\u0101ra nek\u0101 dz\u012bvsudraba katjons, ietekme uz organismu ir l\u012bdz\u012bga smago met\u0101lu (\u012bpa\u0161i dz\u012bvsudraba) saind\u0113\u0161anai, ta\u010du tai ir viena \u012bpatn\u012bba: nervu sist\u0113mas boj\u0101jumi ir izteikt\u0101ki. \u0160ie boj\u0101jumi ir paz\u012bstami k\u0101 Minamata slim\u012bba. <\/p>\n<p>Pirmo reizi \u0161o sindromu re\u0123istr\u0113ja un p\u0113t\u012bja Jap\u0101n\u0101, Kumamoto prefekt\u016br\u0101, Minamata pils\u0113t\u0101 1956. gad\u0101. Slim\u012bbas ra\u0161an\u0101s iemesls bija ilgsto\u0161as uz\u0146\u0113muma \u00abChisso\u00bb neorganisk\u0101 dz\u012bvsudraba izpl\u016bde Minamata l\u012bc\u012b \u016bden\u012b, kuru dibena mikroorganismi metaboliz\u0113ja par metildz\u012bvsudrabu, un t\u0101 k\u0101 \u0161is savienojums ir tend\u0113ts uzkr\u0101ties organism\u0101, vielas koncentr\u0101cija audos palielin\u0101s ar paaugstin\u0101\u0161anos p\u0101rtikas \u0137\u0113d\u0113. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ziv\u012bs Minamata l\u012bc\u012b metildz\u012bvsudraba saturs sv\u0101rst\u012bj\u0101s no 8 l\u012bdz 36 mg\/kg, austried\u0113s \u2013 l\u012bdz 85 mg\/kg, kam\u0113r \u016bden\u012b t\u0101 bija ne vair\u0101k k\u0101 0,68 mg\/l.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomi ietver motoriku trauc\u0113jumus, dedzino\u0161as saj\u016btas, durst\u012b\u0161anu un tirp\u0161anu ekstremit\u0101t\u0113s, runas skaidr\u012bbas pasliktin\u0101\u0161anos, nogurumu, troksni aus\u012bs, redzes lauka sa\u0161aurin\u0101\u0161anos, dzirdes zaud\u0113\u0161anu un ne\u0113rti kust\u012bbas. Da\u017ei no smagajiem Minamata slim\u012bbas upuriem zaud\u0113ja pr\u0101tu, zaud\u0113ja sama\u0146u un mira m\u0113ne\u0161a laik\u0101 p\u0113c slim\u012bbas s\u0101k\u0161an\u0101s.<\/p>\n<p>Past\u0101v ar\u012b upuri ar hroniskiem Minamata slim\u012bbas simptomiem, piem\u0113ram, galvass\u0101p\u0113m, bie\u017eu nogurumu, o\u017eas un gar\u0161as zudumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b aizm\u0101r\u0161\u012bbu, kas ir maz paman\u0101ma, ta\u010du \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi apgr\u016btina ikdienas dz\u012bvi. Turkl\u0101t ir pacienti ar iedzimtu Minamata slim\u012bbu, kuri dzimu\u0161i ar patolo\u0123iju saist\u012bb\u0101 ar metildz\u012bvsudraba ietekmi, kam\u0113r vi\u0146i v\u0113l atrad\u0101s m\u0101\u0161u dzemd\u0113, kas lietoja infic\u0113t\u0101s zivis. <\/p>\n<p>Minaamata slim\u012bba joproj\u0101m nav izgudrota \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana, t\u0101p\u0113c \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana ir saist\u012bta ar simptomu mazin\u0101\u0161anu un fizisk\u0101s rehabilit\u0101cijas terapiju. Papildus fiziskajam kait\u0113jumam ir ar\u012b soci\u0101lais kait\u0113jums, kas izpau\u017eas k\u0101 diskrimin\u0101cija pret Minaamata slim\u012bbas upuriem. Nu ko, %username%, vai tu joproj\u0101m v\u0113lies p\u0101rcelties uz Fukusimu, Minaamatu un R\u012bta Sauli?<\/p>\n<p>Starpcitu, 1996. gad\u0101 Macei, kas atrodas pie l\u012b\u010da, tika uzcelts Minaamata slim\u012bbas muzejs. 2006. gad\u0101 muzeja teritorij\u0101 tika uzb\u016bv\u0113ts memori\u0101ls, lai piemin\u0113tu dz\u012bvsudraba ind\u0113\u0161anas upurus, kas rad\u0101s no Minaamata l\u012b\u010da pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma. Teikts, ka no t\u0101 upuriem nepaliek viegl\u0101k.<\/p>\n<h3>Otr\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Metanols<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8375a342a7fdbb49e77247e6c848274e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVisi zina par metanolu. Bet, manupr\u0101t, to nov\u0113rt\u0113 par zemu.<\/p>\n<p>Metanola probl\u0113ma paties\u012bb\u0101 nav t\u0101, bet m\u016bsu organisma probl\u0113ma. Tie\u0161i taj\u0101 ir alkohola dehidrogen\u0101ze (jeb ADH I), ko m\u0101te daba ir d\u0101v\u0101jusi m\u016bsu alkoholisko dz\u0113rienu sadal\u012b\u0161anai. Un, ja parast\u0101 etanola gad\u012bjum\u0101 t\u0101 to p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161 acetaldeh\u012bd\u0101 (sveicieni, pa\u0123iras!), tad, ja paveicas, - pat bezapdraud\u012bg\u0101 un barojo\u0161\u0101 eti\u0137sk\u0101b\u0113 acetil-koenz\u012bm\u0101 A, tad ar metanolu notiek neveiksme: rodas toksiskais formaldeh\u012bds un formi\u0101ts. Izskat\u0101s, ka m\u0101tei  Daba ir \u013coti specifiska humora izj\u016bta.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u0113ma pasliktin\u0101s, jo, k\u0101 apgalvo drosm\u012bgie (to ir maz), metanols p\u0113c gar\u0161as un smar\u017eas neat\u0161\u0137iras no parast\u0101 spirta, bet mais\u012bjum\u0101 ar to - v\u0113l jo vair\u0101k. Starpcitu, jodoforolo\u0123isk\u0101 reakcija, kad ar etilspirta pievieno\u0161anu veidojas dzeltenais jodofors, bet ar metanolu nekas nepavisam neizkr\u012bt, nedarbojas metanola satura noteik\u0161anai etanola \u0161\u0137\u012bdum\u0101. <\/p>\n<p>1-2 mililitri metanola uz kilogramu \u0137erme\u0146a parasti garant\u0113 drosm\u012bgo nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu pie citiem interesantiem cilv\u0113kiem ar sp\u0101rniem aiz muguras, savuk\u0101rt \u0161\u012b viela \u012bpa\u0161\u0101s predispoz\u012bcijas d\u0113\u013c acs nervam - 10-20 ml padara cilv\u0113ku aklu. Uz visiem laikiem.<\/p>\n<p>Laime, metanola toksisk\u0101 iedarb\u012bba att\u012bst\u0101s da\u017eu stundu laik\u0101, un efekt\u012bvi antidoti sp\u0113j samazin\u0101t nodar\u012bto kait\u0113jumu. T\u0101p\u0113c, ja tu, %username%, p\u0113c p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgas lieto\u0161anas j\u016bti galvass\u0101pes, visp\u0101r\u0113ju v\u0101jumu, sliktu pa\u0161saj\u016btu, drebu\u013cus, sliktu d\u016b\u0161u un vem\u0161anu \u2014 izdzer v\u0113l. Es nerun\u0101ju nopietni: k\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bts \u0101tr\u0101s medic\u012bnisk\u0101s pal\u012bdz\u012bbas rokasgr\u0101mat\u0101, metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101 antidots ir etanols, ko ievada intravenozi 10% \u0161\u0137\u012bduma veid\u0101 pilienos vai 30\u201340% \u0161\u0137\u012bduma veid\u0101 peror\u0101li, apr\u0113\u0137inot 1\u20132 gramus \u0161\u0137\u012bduma uz 1 kg svara dien\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 labv\u0113l\u012bg\u0101 iedarb\u012bba tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta, nov\u0113r\u0161ot fermenta ADH I oksid\u0113jo\u0161o darb\u012bbu uz eksog\u0113nu etanolu. J\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, ka neprec\u012bzi diagnostic\u0113jot metanola saind\u0113\u0161anos, var pie\u0146emt parasto alkoholisko intoksik\u0101ciju (k\u0101 tu jau paman\u012bji iepriek\u0161) vai saind\u0113\u0161anos ar 1,2-dihloretu vai tetrahloCC (organiskie \u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101t\u0101ji, kas \u2014 tas ir cits st\u0101sts, bet ne tik spilgts) \u2014 \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 papildu etanol\u0113\u0161a ievad\u012b\u0161ana ir b\u012bstama. Kopum\u0101, %username%, tev nevedas labi. Noturiies.<\/p>\n<p>Metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ir diezgan bie\u017ea par\u0101d\u012bba. Piem\u0113ram, ASV 2013. gad\u0101 tika re\u0123istr\u0113ti 1747 gad\u012bjumi (un j\u0101 \u2014 ASV). Ir zin\u0101mi daudzi masveida metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjumi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Masveida metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s Sp\u0101nij\u0101 1963. gada s\u0101kum\u0101; ofici\u0101lais boj\u0101g\u0101ju\u0161o skaits 51 cilv\u0113ks, ta\u010du ir nov\u0113rt\u0113jumi, kas sv\u0101rst\u0101s no 1000 l\u012bdz 5000 cilv\u0113ku.<\/li>\n<li>Masveida metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s Beng\u0101l\u016bru (Indija) 1981. gada j\u016blij\u0101. Boj\u0101 g\u0101ju\u0161o skaits \u2014 308 cilv\u0113ki.<\/li>\n<li>Masveida saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar v\u012bnu, pievienojot metanolu, It\u0101lij\u0101 1986. gada pavasar\u012b; boj\u0101 g\u0101ja 23 cilv\u0113ki.<\/li>\n<li>Masveida metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s Salvador\u0101 2000. gada oktobr\u012b izrais\u012bja 122 cilv\u0113ku n\u0101vi. Varas iest\u0101des aizdomas par teroraktu, jo izmekl\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101 ra\u017eotn\u0113s metanols alkoholiskajos dz\u0113rienos netika atrasts.<\/li>\n<li>Masveida metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s 2001. gada 9.\u201310. septembr\u012b P\u0113rnav\u0101 (Igaunija); boj\u0101 g\u0101ja 68 cilv\u0113ki.<\/li>\n<li>Masveida metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s \u010cehij\u0101, Polij\u0101 un Slov\u0101kij\u0101 2012. gada septembr\u012b; 51 cilv\u0113ks boj\u0101g\u0101ja.<\/li>\n<li>Masveida metanola saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s 2016. gada 17.\u201320. decembr\u012b Irkutsk\u0101 (Krievija). Boj\u0101 g\u0101ju\u0161o skaits \u2014 78 cilv\u0113ki.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u0101p\u0113c metanols m\u016bsu reiting\u0101 ie\u0146em otro vietu. Un tas vairs nav smiekl\u012bgi.<\/p>\n<h3>Aha! Fanf\u0101ras! Mums ir pirm\u0101 vieta!<\/h3>\n<p>\nPirmaj\u0101 viet\u0101 neb\u016bs k\u0101da b\u012bstama ind\u012bga viela, ko var atrast tropos pie dz\u012bvniekiem vai ziv\u012bm. T\u0101tad par tetrodotoks\u012bnu un batrachotoks\u012bnu aizmirstam.<\/p>\n<p>Tas neb\u016bs k\u0101ds neorganisks savienojums, ko var sastapt tikai specifisk\u0101s ra\u017eotn\u0113s \u2014 piem\u0113ram, berilija nitr\u0101ts, kas, starp citu, ir salds, vai ars\u0113na hlor\u012bds, kas bija popul\u0101rs viduslaikos.<\/p>\n<p>Tas neb\u016bs k\u0101ds organisk\u0101s \u0137\u012bmijas savienojums, ko ar\u012b visur nemaz tik viegli nevar atrast \u2014 piem\u0113ram, ric\u012bns, vai kas jau sen ir p\u0113t\u012bts un glab\u0101jas medic\u012bn\u0101 \u2014 piem\u0113ram, strihn\u012bns vai digitoks\u012bns.<\/p>\n<p>Tas neb\u016bs paz\u012bstamais cian\u012bds un cian\u016bde\u0146ra\u017ea sk\u0101be, ar kuru viss beidz\u0101s nesekm\u012bgi attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz Rasputinu.<\/p>\n<p>Tas neb\u016bs polonijs-210 vai VX, kas garant\u0113ti nos\u016bta uz otro pasauli pat minim\u0101l\u0101s dev\u0101s \u2014 bet tas noteikti nav pieejams pla\u0161ai sabiedr\u012bbai.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0113, m\u016bsu l\u012bderis b\u016bs patiess slepkava, kura r\u0113\u0137in\u0101 ir miljoni dz\u012bv\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bds<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d8f4986ce2e9d0e66d1a940d28491e65.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPaties\u012bb\u0101 tie\u0161i oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bds noveda daudzas dz\u012bv\u012bbas pie beig\u0101m. \u0160\u012b bezkr\u0101sain\u0101 g\u0101ze, kas nav smar\u017eas un gar\u0161as, non\u0101k atmosf\u0113r\u0101 vis\u0101s dedzin\u0101\u0161anas form\u0101s. Oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bds akt\u012bvi saist\u0101s ar hemoglob\u012bnu, veidojot karboksihemo glob\u012bnu, un blo\u0137\u0113 sk\u0101bek\u013ca transportu uz audu \u0161\u016bn\u0101m, kas izraisa hipo\u0137siju. Oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bds ar\u012b iesaist\u0101s oksid\u0113\u0161an\u0101s reakcij\u0101s, trauc\u0113jot bio\u0137\u012bmisko l\u012bdzsvaru audos. \u0160aj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 t\u0101 iedarb\u012bba ir \u013coti l\u012bdz\u012bga cian\u012bdiem.<\/p>\n<p>Nopietna saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s iesp\u0113jama:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u0113c ugunsgr\u0113kiem;<\/li>\n<li>ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesos, kur oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bds tiek izmantots, lai sintez\u0113tu virkni organisko vielu (acetons, metilspirts, fenols u.c.);<\/li>\n<li>g\u0101z\u0113t\u0101s telp\u0101s, kur ir g\u0101zu izmanto\u0161anas apr\u012bkojums (pl\u012btis, pl\u016bsto\u0161ie \u016bdens sild\u012bt\u0101ji, siltuma \u0123eneratori ar atv\u0113rtu sadedzin\u0101\u0161anas kameru) ar nepietiekamu gaisa apmai\u0146u, piem\u0113ram, ja ir trauc\u0113jumi d\u016bmvadu un\/vai ventil\u0101cijas kan\u0101los vai nepietiekams iepl\u016bsto\u0161ais gaiss g\u0101zes dedzin\u0101\u0161anai;<\/li>\n<li>gar\u0101\u017e\u0101s ar sliktu ventil\u0101ciju, cit\u0101s neventil\u0113t\u0101s vai v\u0101ji ventil\u0113t\u0101s telp\u0101s, tunel\u012b, jo automobi\u013ca izpl\u016bd\u0113 var b\u016bt l\u012bdz 1-3% CO saska\u0146\u0101 ar norm\u0101m;<\/li>\n<li>Ilgi atrodoties uz intens\u012bvas satiksmes ce\u013ca vai t\u0101 tuvum\u0101 - lielaj\u0101s \u0161osej\u0101s vid\u0113j\u0101 CO koncentr\u0101cija p\u0101rsniedz saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s slieksni;<\/li>\n<li>M\u0101jas apst\u0101k\u013cos, ja gaismas g\u0101ze nopl\u016bst un laik\u0101 nav sl\u0113gtas kr\u0101sns v\u0101rti telp\u0101s ar kr\u0101sns apkuri (m\u0101jas, pirtis);<\/li>\n<li>Ja tiek izmantots nekvalitat\u012bvs gaiss elpo\u0161anas apar\u0101tos;<\/li>\n<li>K\u0101 ar\u012b sm\u0113\u0137\u0113jot \u016bdenspipe (j\u0101, \u013coti liels procentu\u0101lais daudzums cilv\u0113ku izj\u016bt galvass\u0101pes, reiboni, nelabumu, miegain\u012bbu p\u0113c \u016bdenspipes sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anas, kas ir saist\u012bts ar oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bda intoksik\u0101ciju, kas veidojas nepietiekamas sk\u0101bek\u013ca pieg\u0101des d\u0113\u013c \u016bdenspipes apar\u0101tam).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u0101tad tev, %username%, ir daudz iesp\u0113ju saprast intoksik\u0101ciju. <\/p>\n<p>Ja gais\u0101 ir 0,08 % CO, cilv\u0113ks izj\u016bt galvass\u0101pes un nosmak\u0161anas saj\u016btu. Ja CO koncentr\u0101cija palielin\u0101s l\u012bdz 0,32 %, rodas paral\u012bze un apzi\u0146as zudums (n\u0101ve iest\u0101jas p\u0113c 30 min\u016bt\u0113m). Ja koncentr\u0101cija p\u0101rsniedz 1,2 %, apzi\u0146a paz\u016bd p\u0113c div\u0101m l\u012bdz trim ieelpo\u0161an\u0101m, cilv\u0113ks mirst maz\u0101k nek\u0101 3 min\u016b\u0161u laik\u0101 krampju st\u0101vokl\u012b. Pie detoksik\u0101cijas koncentr\u0101cij\u0101m (zem 0,08%) var ieg\u016bt \u0161\u0101das pievilc\u012bbas (palielinoties koncentr\u0101cijai):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Psihomotorisko reakciju \u0101truma samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, da\u017ek\u0101rt - kompensatoriska asins pl\u016bsmas palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s dz\u012bvotsp\u0113j\u012bgajiem org\u0101niem. Person\u0101m ar izteiktu sirds un asinsvadu nepietiekam\u012bbu var rasties kr\u016b\u0161u s\u0101pes fizisk\u0101s slodzes laik\u0101, elpas tr\u016bkums.<\/li>\n<li>Neliela galvass\u0101pe, samazin\u0101ta gar\u012bg\u0101 un fizisk\u0101 darba sp\u0113ja, elpas tr\u016bkums vid\u0113j\u0101 fizisk\u0101 slodzes laik\u0101. Redzes uztveres trauc\u0113jumi. Var b\u016bt let\u0101li auglim, person\u0101m ar smagu sirds un asinsvadu nepietiekam\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<li>Pulsa saj\u016bta galvass\u0101p\u0113s, reibonis, uzbudin\u0101m\u012bba, emocion\u0101la nestabilit\u0101te, atmi\u0146as trauc\u0113jumi, nelabums, pazemin\u0101ta roku s\u012bko kust\u012bbu koordin\u0101cija.<\/li>\n<li>Sp\u0113c\u012bgas galvass\u0101pes, v\u0101jums, iesnas, nelabums, vem\u0161ana, redzes trauc\u0113jumi, apzi\u0146as sajukums.<\/li>\n<li>Halucin\u0101cijas, smaga musku\u013cu kust\u012bbu saska\u0146as trauc\u0113jumi - tie\u0161i \u0161o iemeslu d\u0113\u013c cilv\u0113ki bie\u017ei g\u0101ja boj\u0101 ugunsgr\u0113ka laik\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nK\u0101 r\u012bkoties, ja ir saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bdu? Pirmk\u0101rt \u2014 pametiet infic\u0113to zonu. J\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka parastie g\u0101zes maskas, mitras dr\u0101nas uz sejas un vates-marles saites nepal\u012bdz, oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bds \u0161\u0137iet, ka tos visus izmanto interesant\u0101 veid\u0101 un mier\u012bgi caur tiem iziet \u2014 nepiecie\u0161ama g\u0101zes maska ar gopkal\u012btu patronu \u2014 t\u0101 ir t\u0101, kas satur var\u0161 oks\u012bdu, kas oksid\u0113 oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bdu l\u012bdz dro\u0161am og\u013csk\u0101bei. Un p\u0113c tam \u2014 elpojiet, elpojiet! Elpojiet svaigu gaisu, bet v\u0113l lab\u0101k \u2014 sk\u0101bekli, lai dotos uz saviem nelaim\u012bgajiem audiem un org\u0101niem, kas tiem tik \u013coti nepiecie\u0161ams!<\/p>\n<p>Pasaules medic\u012bna nezina uzticamus antidotus oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bda saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101. Bet! \u2014 lepojieties: Krievijas zin\u0101tnieki ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i jaunu medikamentu \"Acizols\", kas tiek pozicion\u0113ts k\u0101 antidots (lai gan k\u0101p\u0113c citi zin\u0101tnieki taj\u0101 \u0161aub\u0101s, nav skaidrs). Tas tiek ievad\u012bts intramuskul\u0101ri \u0161\u0137\u012bduma veid\u0101. T\u0101pat tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ts k\u0101 profilaktisks l\u012bdzeklis. Krievijas zin\u0101tnieki aicina test\u0113t \u0161o medikamentu, bet iemeslu d\u0113\u013c v\u0113l maz\u0101k ir grib\u0113t\u0101ju nek\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ar amatoks\u012bnu antidotu.<\/p>\n<h3>Uz redz\u0113\u0161anos, %username%!<\/h3>\n<p> Ceru, ka es neesmu saboj\u0101jis tavu apet\u012bti, bija interesanti, un tu uzzin\u0101ji kaut ko jaunu, ne tikai ierobe\u017eoji savu uzturu un apmekl\u0113jamo vietu skaitu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Vesel\u012bbu un veiksmi!<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450294\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, %username% \u0414\u0430, \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440 9000 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435. \u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 LD50 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u042f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u044b, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u044b, %username%, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, %username% \u0414\u0430, \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a 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