{"id":32900,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/samye-nestrashnye-yady\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:36","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:36","slug":"samye-nestrashnye-yady","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/samye-nestrashnye-yady","title":{"rendered":"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/aefdb39dd7e05dfd58fd7cadfca0dbb4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAtkal sveiks, %username%!<\/p>\n<p>Paldies visiem, kas nov\u0113rt\u0113ja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450294\/\">manu opusu \u201eVisb\u012bstam\u0101kie indes\u201d.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Man bija \u013coti interesanti las\u012bt koment\u0101rus, k\u0101di tie b\u016btu, un ar\u012b atbild\u0113t.<\/p>\n<p>Es priec\u0101jos, ka \u201etop\u0101\u201d patika. Ja nepatika \u2014 nu, ko dar\u012bt, es izdar\u012bju visu, ko var\u0113ju.<\/p>\n<p>Otr\u0101 da\u013ca man\u012b tie\u0161i rad\u012bja iedvesmu koment\u0101ri un aktivit\u0101te.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101tad, pied\u0101v\u0101ju jums v\u0113l vienu n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161o desmitnieku!<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Desmit\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Balin\u0101t\u0101js<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5a9050f8ff11428f61b16661cfc0eb8a.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJ\u0101, es zinu, %username%, ka tu t\u016bl\u012bt teiksi: \u201eHorejas, beidzot hlor, lielais un briesm\u012bgais!\u201d Bet tas nav viss. <\/p>\n<p>Pirmk\u0101rt, balin\u0101t\u0101j\u0101 ir nevis hloru, bet n\u0101trija hipohlor\u012btu. J\u0101, tas galu gal\u0101 sabr\u016bk l\u012bdz hloram, bet tom\u0113r tas nav hloru. <\/p>\n<p>Otrk\u0101rt \u2014 neraugoties uz to, ka hloru b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 bija pirmais kaujas ind\u012bgo vielu v\u0113stur\u0113 (pirmo reizi izmantots 1915. gad\u0101 Iepres kaujas laik\u0101 \u2014 j\u0101, tas, nevis iprits, kaut gan nosaukums n\u0101k no turienes), tas uzreiz \u201eneizdev\u0101s\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u0113ma ir t\u0101da, ka cilv\u0113ks j\u016bt hloru jau pirms saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s. Un b\u0113g nedaudz v\u0113l\u0101k.<\/p>\n<p>Spried pats: hloru sajut\u012bs jebkur\u0161 cilv\u0113ks bez sinus\u012bta pie 0,1-0,3 ppm (lai gan saka, ka sinus\u012bts to ar\u012b p\u0101rvar). Koncentr\u0101ciju 1-3 ppm parasti iztur ne ilg\u0101k par stundu \u2014 neizturam\u0101 dedzin\u0101\u0161ana ac\u012bs rada domas, ka tev ir daudz svar\u012bgu lietu, bet kaut k\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k \u0161eit. Pie 30 ppm uzreiz (nevis p\u0113c stundas) s\u0101ks pl\u016bst asaras, par\u0101d\u012bsies sauss klepus. Pie 40-60 ppm s\u0101ksies probl\u0113mas ar plau\u0161\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p>Liel\u0101kais risks ir b\u016bt atmosf\u0113r\u0101 ar hloru 400 ppm uz pusstundu. Vai ar\u012b da\u017eas min\u016btes \u2014 pie 1000 ppm.<\/p>\n<p>Pirmaj\u0101 pasaules kar\u0101 izmantoja to, ka hloru ir nedaudz vair\u0101k nek\u0101 divreiz smag\u0101ks par gaisu \u2014 un t\u0101d\u0113\u013c to palaida pa zemju, izsmidzinot pretinieku no ierakumiem. Un tur \u2014 jau nov\u0113rt\u0113ja vecajam labajam un p\u0101rbaud\u012btajam veidam.<\/p>\n<p>Protams, ja tu str\u0101d\u0101 hloru ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 un tevi tur piesaist\u012bs pie cisternas ar hloru \u2014 ir pamats uztraukties. Bet gaid\u012bt, ka tu saind\u0113sies ar hloru, mazg\u0101jot tualeti vai no s\u0101ls\u016bdens elektroizol\u0101cijas \u2014 maigi sakot, neb\u016btu pr\u0101t\u012bgi.<\/p>\n<p>Nu j\u0101, ja tom\u0113r nekas neg\u0101ja \u2014 \u0146em v\u0113r\u0101: antidota pret hloru nav, izturas ar svaigu gaisu. Un, protams, atjauno apdegu\u0161o audu.<\/p>\n<h3>Dev\u012btais vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">A vitam\u012bns \u2014 jeb retinols taut\u0101<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/9220e1c07b01354f026c5783d6773d1d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVisi atceras par vitam\u012bniem. Un to labumu. Da\u017ei sajauc alkoholu un sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anu ar vitam\u012bniem \u2014 bet tas t\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Visiem b\u0113rn\u012bb\u0101 vecm\u0101mi\u0146as teica, lai \u0113d \u0101bolus un burk\u0101nus. Man \u2014 teica. Es vienk\u0101r\u0161i piel\u016bdz\u0113ju veco padomju burk\u0101nu biezeni maz\u0101s burci\u0146\u0101s!<\/p>\n<p>Bet nesajauciet draud\u012bgo retinolu ar dabisko karot\u012bnu (tas, kas ir arb\u016bz\u0101 un burk\u0101n\u0101): p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgi lietojot karot\u012bnus, var rasties plaukstu, p\u0113du un g\u013cot\u0101du dzeltenums (man, starp citu, b\u0113rn\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101ds bija!), ta\u010du pat ekstrem\u0101los gad\u012bjumos intoksik\u0101cijas simptomi netiek nov\u0113roti.<\/p>\n<p>L\u016bk, LD50 retinola ir 2 g\/kg \u017eurk\u0101m, kas to \u0113da. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka vitam\u012bns ir taukos \u0161\u0137\u012bsto\u0161s, tad, ja uzkost ar spe\u0137i, b\u016bs maz\u0101k. Pie \u017eurk\u0101m nov\u0113rota sama\u0146as zudums, krampji, n\u0101ve.<\/p>\n<p>Cilv\u0113kiem gad\u012bjumi bija interesant\u0101ki: vitam\u012bna A deva 25 000 ME\/kg izraisa ak\u016btu saind\u0113\u0161anos, bet ikdienas deva 4000 ME\/kg 6\u201415 m\u0113ne\u0161u garum\u0101 izraisa hronisku saind\u0113\u0161anos (inform\u0101cijai: medi\u0137i \u2014 tie ir \u013coti sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti cilv\u0113ki sapra\u0161anai, un tas nav tikai vi\u0146u rokraksta d\u0113\u013c \u2014 vitam\u012bnu A vi\u0146i skaita ME \u2014 medic\u012bnisk\u0101s vien\u012bb\u0101s; viena ME vien\u012bba ir pie\u0146emta par 0,3 \u00b5g retinola).<\/p>\n<p>Saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101 cilv\u0113kam rakstur\u012bgi \u0161\u0101di simptomi: acs radzenes iekaisums, apet\u012btes zudums, slikta d\u016b\u0161a, aknu palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, loc\u012btavu s\u0101pes. Hronisku saind\u0113\u0161anos ar vitam\u012bnu A nov\u0113ro regul\u0101ri lietojot augstas devas vitam\u012bna, lielus zivju e\u013c\u013cas daudzumus. <\/p>\n<p>Ak\u016btas saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjumi ar let\u0101lu izn\u0101kumu var rasties, lietojot haizivs, balt\u0101 l\u0101\u010da, j\u016bras dz\u012bvnieku aknas, haskiju (nejauciet su\u0146us!). Eiropie\u0161i ar to s\u0101ka sastapties vismaz kop\u0161 1597. gada, kad tre\u0161\u0101s Barenca eksped\u012bcijas dal\u012bbnieki smagi saslima p\u0113c tam, kad \u0113da balto l\u0101\u010du aknas.<\/p>\n<p>Ak\u016bta saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s forma izpau\u017eas k\u0101 krampji un paral\u012bze. Hroniskas p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161anas gad\u012bjum\u0101 palielin\u0101s intrakrani\u0101lais spiediens, kas var rad\u012bt galvass\u0101pes, nelabumu un vem\u0161anu. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 rodas dzelten\u0101 plankuma piet\u016bkums un ar to saist\u012bti redzes trauc\u0113jumi. Izpau\u017eas hemor\u0101\u0123ijas, k\u0101 ar\u012b aknu un nieru toksiskuma paz\u012bmes rezult\u0101t\u0101 liel\u0101m A vitam\u012bna dev\u0101m. Var rasties spont\u0101ni kaulu l\u016bzumi. A vitam\u012bna p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bba var izrais\u012bt iedzimtus defektus, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 deva nedr\u012bkst p\u0101rsniegt ieteicamo dienas normu, un gr\u016btniec\u0113m to lab\u0101k visp\u0101r nelietot.<\/p>\n<p>Saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s nov\u0113r\u0161anai nosaka mannitolu, kas samazina intrakrani\u0101lo spiedienu un nov\u0113r\u0161 meningisma simptomus, glikokortiko\u012bdus, kas pa\u0101trina vitam\u012bna metabolismu akn\u0101s un stabiliz\u0113 lizozomu membr\u0101nas akn\u0101s un nier\u0113s. Ar\u012b E vitam\u012bns stabiliz\u0113 \u0161\u016bnu membr\u0101nas.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101tad, %username%, atceries: ne viss noder\u012bgais ir noder\u012bgs lielos daudzumos.<\/p>\n<h3>Astot\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Dzelzs<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/588081f64bd14468de30fe45b9920a76.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNoteikti toksisks ir dzelzs stie\u0146a iek\u013c\u016b\u0161ana smadzen\u0113s, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/lamro.org\/2019\/04\/16\/muzhchina-vyzhil-posle-togo-kak-zheleznyy-prut-probil-ego-golovu-naskvoz-foto.html\">tom\u0113r tas nav piln\u012bgi prec\u012bzi<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Un ja nopietni, tad situ\u0101cija ar dzelzi ir \u013coti l\u012bdz\u012bga A vitam\u012bna situ\u0101cijai.<\/p>\n<p>Da\u017eiem, lai nov\u0113rstu dzelzs defic\u012bta an\u0113miju, ievada dzelzi. Mana vienm\u0113r atmi\u0146\u0101 palikus\u012b vecm\u0101mi\u0146a vienm\u0113r ieteica \u0113st \u0101bolus \u2014 tajos ir daudz dzelzs (un visi zina \u0161o izplat\u012bto jokus).<\/p>\n<p>Agr\u0101k dzelzi \u0113da burtiski \u2014 att\u0113l\u0101 aug\u0161pus\u0113 ir karbonila dzelzs \u2014 l\u016bk, to ar\u012b \u0113da: ku\u0146\u0123\u012b ir daudz s\u0101lssk\u0101bes, t\u0101p\u0113c smalki disper\u0123\u0113ta dzelzs tur iz\u0161\u0137\u012bst, un t\u0101 bija pietiekami.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0113c tam s\u0101ka izrakst\u012bt dzelzs sulf\u0101tus un dzelzs lakt\u0101tus. Dzelzs joks ir t\u0101ds, ka tam noteikti j\u0101b\u016bt divv\u0113rt\u012bgai: tr\u012bsv\u0113rt\u012bgais dzelzs organismam nav noder\u012bgs, turkl\u0101t tas draudz\u012bgi osiniz\u0113 pie pH virs 4.<\/p>\n<p>7-35 g dzelzs absol\u016bti dro\u0161i parved\u012bs tevi, %username%, uz to pasauli. Un es tagad nerun\u0101ju par met\u0101la priek\u0161metu attiec\u012bgaj\u0101 \u0137erme\u0146a viet\u0101 \u2014 es run\u0101ju par dzelzs s\u0101\u013ciem. Ar b\u0113rniem \u2014 v\u0113l sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101k (b\u0113rni \u2014 tas vienm\u0113r ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti): 3 grami dzelzs ir let\u0101li b\u0113rniem, kas jaun\u0101ki par 3 gadiem. Starp citu, statistika liecina, ka t\u0101 ir visizplat\u012bt\u0101k\u0101 nejau\u0161u b\u0113rnu saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s forma.<\/p>\n<p>Dzelzs p\u0101rpalikuma uzved\u012bba \u013coti atg\u0101dina smago met\u0101lu saind\u0113\u0161anos (un, starp citu, tiek \u0101rst\u0113ta gandr\u012bz t\u0101pat). Dzelzs var uzkr\u0101ties organism\u0101, t\u0101pat k\u0101 smagie met\u0101li \u2014 bet pie noteikt\u0101m iedzimt\u0101m un hronisk\u0101m slim\u012bb\u0101m vai p\u0101r\u0101k liela pat\u0113ri\u0146a. Cilv\u0113ki ar paaugstin\u0101tu dzelzs saturu cie\u0161 no fiziskas v\u0101juma, zaud\u0113 svaru, bie\u017e\u0101k slimo. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 tikt va\u013c\u0101 no p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga dzelzs ir bie\u017ei daudz sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101k nek\u0101 nov\u0113rst t\u0101 tr\u016bkumu.<\/p>\n<p>Smagas dzelzs saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101 tiek boj\u0101ta zarnu g\u013cot\u0101da, att\u012bst\u0101s aknu nepietiekam\u012bba, par\u0101d\u0101s slikta d\u016b\u0161a un vem\u0161ana. Rakstur\u012bga ir caureja un t\u0101 saucamais \"melnais izk\u0101rn\u012bjums\" \u2014 nu, tu saprati. Ja to \u013caus izpalikt \u2014 smagas aknu boj\u0101jumu formas, koma, tik\u0161an\u0101s ar sen miru\u0161iem radiniekiem.<\/p>\n<h3>Sept\u012bt\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Aspir\u012bns<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/4391548f977978d85213c8bb9dee8570.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKaut k\u0101p\u0113c \u0161obr\u012bd atceros visus amerik\u0101\u0146u filmus, kur varo\u0146i pie galvass\u0101p\u0113m vienk\u0101r\u0161i norij k\u0101das tabletes. Dievs m\u012bl\u0113ts!<\/p>\n<p>Acetilsalicilsk\u0101be jeb aspir\u012bns \u2014 k\u0101 to nod\u0113v\u0113ja Felikss Hofmans, kur\u0161 1897. gada 10. august\u0101 sintez\u0113ja \u0161o dz\u012bvotsp\u0113j\u012bgo produktu Bayer AG laboratorij\u0101s, ir LD50 \u017eurk\u0101m l\u012bmen\u012b 200 mg\/kg. J\u0101, tas ir daudz, tik daudz table\u0161u nevar ap\u0113st, bet k\u0101 jebkuram medikamentam aspir\u012bnam ir blaknes. Un t\u0101s nav p\u0101r\u0101k labas: probl\u0113mas ar GIT un audu t\u016bsku. Tom\u0113r, ja tie\u0161\u0101m notiek sasniegt aspir\u012bna p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161anu, ak\u016bt\u0101 p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161anas gad\u012bjum\u0101 (tas ir tad, kad vienreiz \u2014 bet daudz) mirst\u012bba ir 2%. Hronisk\u0101 p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161ana (tas ir, kad augstas devas \u2014 un ilgi) bie\u017e\u0101k beidzas ar let\u0101liem izn\u0101kumiem, mirst\u012bba ir 25%, nu un t\u0101pat k\u0101 ar dzelzi, hronisk\u0101 p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161ana var b\u016bt \u012bpa\u0161i smaga b\u0113rniem.<\/p>\n<p>Saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar aspir\u012bnu izraisa ak\u016btas ku\u0146\u0123a trauc\u0113jumus, apjukumu, psihozes, stuporu, troksni aus\u012bs, miegain\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p>Iz\u0101rst\u0113, k\u0101 jebkuru p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161anu: akt\u012bv\u0101 ogle, intravenoz\u0101 dekstroze un norm\u0101ls fiziolo\u0123iskais \u0161\u0137\u012bdums, n\u0101trija bikarbon\u0101ts un dial\u012bze.<\/p>\n<p>Iev\u0113r\u012bbas cien\u012bgs ir Reja sindroms \u2014 reta, bet smaga slim\u012bba, ko raksturo ak\u016bta encefalop\u0101tija un tauku uzkr\u0101\u0161an\u0101s akn\u0101s. \u0160\u012b probl\u0113ma var rasties, ja b\u0113rniem vai pusaud\u017eiem dod aspir\u012bnu drud\u017ea vai citas slim\u012bbas vai infekcijas gad\u012bjum\u0101. No 1981. l\u012bdz 1997. gadam ASV Slim\u012bbu kontroles un profilakses centros tika re\u0123istr\u0113ti 1207 Reja sindroma gad\u012bjumi cilv\u0113kiem, kas jaun\u0101ki par 18 gadiem. No tiem 93% zi\u0146oja, ka tr\u012bs ned\u0113\u013cas pirms Reja sindroma s\u0101kuma slimoja, visbie\u017e\u0101k ar elpce\u013cu infekciju, masal\u0101m vai caureju. <\/p>\n<p>Izskat\u0101s tas \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0113c 5-6 dien\u0101m p\u0113c v\u012brusu slim\u012bbas s\u0101kuma (ar masal\u0101m \u2014 4-5 dienas p\u0113c izsitumu par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s) p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i att\u012bst\u0101s slikta d\u016b\u0161a un nekontrol\u0113jama vem\u0161ana, kam seko izmai\u0146as gar\u012bgaj\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b (no vieglas miegain\u012bbas l\u012bdz dzi\u013cai komai un dezorient\u0101cijas, psihomotorisk\u0101s uzbudin\u0101juma epizod\u0113m). <\/li>\n<li>B\u0113rniem l\u012bdz 3 gadu vecumam galvenie slim\u012bbas simptomi var b\u016bt elpo\u0161anas trauc\u0113jumi, miegain\u012bba un krampji, bet z\u012bdai\u0146iem pirmaj\u0101 dz\u012bves gad\u0101 tiek nov\u0113rots liela fontanela spriedze.<\/li>\n<li>Ja nav adekv\u0101tas terapijas, rakstur\u012bgs ir strauj\u0161 pacienta st\u0101vok\u013ca pasliktin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s: strauja komas, krampju, elpo\u0161anas apst\u0101\u0161an\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bba.<\/li>\n<li>Aknu palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s tiek nov\u0113rota 40% gad\u012bjumu, ta\u010du dzelte rodas reti.<\/li>\n<li>Rakstur\u012bgs ir AST, ALT, amonjaka l\u012bme\u0146a paaugstin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s slimnieku asins serum\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nK\u0101 to nov\u0113rst? \u013boti viegli: nedodiet b\u0113rnam aspir\u012bnu, ja vi\u0146\u0161 slimo ar gripu, masal\u0101m vai v\u0113dera p\u016bt\u0113m. Piev\u0113rsiet uzman\u012bbu acetilsalicilsk\u0101bes lieto\u0161anai b\u0113rniem l\u012bdz 12 gadiem augstas temperat\u016bras gad\u012bjum\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101 ieteicams aizvietot acetilsalicilsk\u0101bi ar paracetamolu vai ibuprof\u0113nu. Nekav\u0113joties sazinieties ar \u0101rstu, ja j\u016bsu b\u0113rnam par\u0101d\u0101s \u0161\u0101di simptomi: vem\u0161ana, stipras galvass\u0101pes, miegain\u012bba, uzbudin\u0101m\u012bba, del\u012brijs, elpo\u0161anas trauc\u0113jumi, roku un k\u0101ju st\u012bvums, koma.<\/p>\n<p>R\u016bp\u0113jieties par b\u0113rniem, jo vi\u0146i ir m\u016bsu mantojums.<\/p>\n<h3>Sest\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Og\u013csk\u0101b\u0101 g\u0101ze<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/33ee44eb5f1c0a36fbd7105a1c9f020f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJ\u0101, visi m\u0113s elpojam un izdal\u0101m \u0161o pa\u0161u og\u013csk\u0101bo g\u0101zi. Un organisms t\u0101 vienk\u0101r\u0161i neizniekos nek\u0101dus noder\u012bgus elementus! Gais\u0101, starp citu, og\u013csk\u0101b\u0101s g\u0101zes ir apm\u0113ram 0,04% \u2014 sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam, argona gais\u0101 ir 20 reizes vair\u0101k. <\/p>\n<p>Tikai tu un citi dz\u012bvnieki, oglek\u013ca dioks\u012bds izdal\u0101s piln\u012bgas deg\u0161anas proces\u0101 un atrodams visos dzirksto\u0161ajos dz\u0113rienos \u2014 gan bezalkoholiskiem, gan interesant\u0101kiem (par tiem \u2014 zem\u0101k).<\/p>\n<p>Pie koncentr\u0101cijas jau 0,1 % (\u0161\u0101ds oglek\u013ca dioks\u012bda daudzums da\u017ek\u0101rt nov\u0113rojams megapolu gais\u0101), cilv\u0113ki s\u0101k just v\u0101jumu, miegain\u012bbu \u2014 vai tu atceries, k\u0101 tevi nekontrol\u0113jami vilka z\u012bl\u0113t? Palielinoties koncentr\u0101cijai l\u012bdz 7\u201410 %, att\u012bst\u0101s nosmak\u0161anas simptomi, kuri izpau\u017eas k\u0101 galvass\u0101pes, reibonis, dzirdes trauc\u0113jumi un sama\u0146as zudums (simptomi l\u012bdz\u012bgi aklimatiz\u0101cijas slim\u012bbas simptomiem); \u0161ie simptomi att\u012bst\u0101s, atkar\u012bb\u0101 no koncentr\u0101cijas, laika period\u0101 no da\u017e\u0101m min\u016bt\u0113m l\u012bdz vienai stundai.<\/p>\n<p>Ieelpojot gaisu ar \u013coti augst\u0101m g\u0101zes koncentr\u0101cij\u0101m, n\u0101ve notiek \u013coti \u0101tri no nosmak\u0161anas, ko izraisa hipoksija.<\/p>\n<p>Ieelpo\u0161ana gais\u0101 ar paaugstin\u0101tu \u0161\u012bs g\u0101zes koncentr\u0101ciju nenoved pie ilgtermi\u0146a vesel\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem. P\u0113c pacienta iz\u0146em\u0161anas no augstas oglek\u013ca dioks\u012bda koncentr\u0101cijas atmosf\u0113ras, vesel\u012bba un labsaj\u016bta \u0101tri atjaunojas.<\/p>\n<p>Turkl\u0101t oglek\u013ca dioks\u012bds ir 1,5 reizes smag\u0101ks par gaisu \u2014 to ir j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, pl\u0101nojot uzkr\u0101\u0161anos ni\u0161\u0101s un pagrabos.<\/p>\n<p>Izv\u0113diniet savu istabu, %username%!<\/p>\n<h3>Piekt\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Cukurs<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/a9d9efe2b53667ac9443b8b41b829e3b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK\u0101 izskat\u0101s cukurs \u2014 to visi zina. Par str\u012bdiem \u2014 ko dzert ar cukuru, un ko \u2014 bez: kafiju vai t\u0113ju \u2014 neiesim, jo tas ir pa\u0146\u0113mis p\u0101r\u0101k daudz dz\u012bv\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p>Paties\u012bb\u0101 cukurs (prec\u012bz\u0101k \u2014 glikoze) ir viens no galvenajiem uztura savienojumiem \u2014 un vien\u012bgais, ko nervu audi apstr\u0101d\u0101. Bez cukura tu nesp\u0113si dom\u0101t un las\u012bt \u0161o tekstu, %username%!<\/p>\n<p>Tom\u0113r cukuram ir toksiska deva \u2014 50% \u017eurku mirst, \u0113dot 30 g\/kg cukura (neprasiet, k\u0101 vi\u0146iem to iebaroja). Es v\u0113l tagad atceros metro vagonu \u0145ujork\u0101 2014. gad\u0101, kur par cukuru tika vainoti visi slim\u012bbu c\u0113lo\u0146i: no impotences l\u012bdz infarktam. Es toreiz padom\u0101ju: k\u0101 cilv\u0113ce izdz\u012bvoja bez \u0137\u012bmiskajiem saldin\u0101t\u0101jiem?<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101 vai cit\u0101di, cukurs ir toksisks liel\u0101s (k\u0101 paman\u012bj\u0101t \u2014 \u013bOTI liel\u0101s) dev\u0101s. Saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s simptomi ir relat\u012bvi skopi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Depres\u012bv\u0101 st\u0101voklis<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/a2c0579fcf70840405a4ad46a6c19bb8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>\n<\/li>\n<li>Gremo\u0161anas trauc\u0113jumi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nBet paties\u012bb\u0101 starp mums ir diezgan daudz cilv\u0113ku, kuru gad\u012bjum\u0101 cukurs ir tie\u0161\u0101m inde. Tie ir diab\u0113ti\u0137i. Es esmu \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is, nevis \u0101rsts, ta\u010du zinu, ka diab\u0113ti ir da\u017e\u0101di, ar at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu smagumu, da\u017e\u0101du iemeslu d\u0113\u013c un tiek \u0101rst\u0113ti da\u017e\u0101di. T\u0101p\u0113c, %username%, ja tu esi paman\u012bjis pie sevis:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poli\u016brija \u2014 pastiprin\u0101ta urin\u0101cija, ko izraisa ur\u012bna osmotisk\u0101 spiediena palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s taj\u0101 iz\u0161\u0137\u012bdu\u0161\u0101 glikozes d\u0113\u013c (norm\u0101 glikoze ur\u012bn\u0101 ir neeso\u0161a). Izpau\u017eas ar bie\u017eu un bag\u0101t\u012bgu urin\u0113\u0161anu, tostarp ar\u012b nakt\u012b.<\/li>\n<li>Polidipsija (past\u0101v\u012bga neizsme\u013cama sl\u0101pes) \u2014 ir saist\u012bta ar iev\u0113rojam\u0101m \u016bdens zudumiem ar ur\u012bnu un asins osmotisk\u0101 spiediena paaugstin\u0101\u0161anos.<\/li>\n<li>Polif\u0101gija \u2014 past\u0101v\u012bgs neapmierin\u0101ts izsalkums. \u0160is simptoms ir saist\u012bts ar vielmai\u0146as trauc\u0113jumiem diab\u0113ta gad\u012bjum\u0101, proti, \u0161\u016bnu nesp\u0113ju absorb\u0113t un apstr\u0101d\u0101t glikozi insul\u012bna tr\u016bkuma d\u0113\u013c (izsalkums p\u0101rpiln\u012bbas apst\u0101k\u013cos).<\/li>\n<li>Svaru zudums (\u012bpa\u0161i rakstur\u012bgs 1. tipa diab\u0113tam) \u2014 bie\u017ei sastopams simptoms, kas att\u012bst\u0101s neskatoties uz paaugstin\u0101tu pacientu apet\u012bti. Svara zudumu (un pat izs\u012bkumu) izraisa palielin\u0101ta olbaltumvielu un tauku katabolisms, jo glikoze tiek izsl\u0113gta no \u0161\u016bnu ener\u0123\u0113tisk\u0101s apmai\u0146as.<\/li>\n<li>Otrie simptomi: \u0101das un g\u013cot\u0101du nieze, sausums mut\u0113, visp\u0101r\u0113ja musku\u013cu v\u0101jin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, galvass\u0101pes, iekaisuma \u0101das boj\u0101jumi, kas gr\u016bti padodas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anai, redzes trauc\u0113jumi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n \u2014 skrien uz slimn\u012bcu un nodod asinis cukura l\u012bmenim!<\/p>\n<p>Diab\u0113ts \u2014 t\u0101lu ne no sprieduma, tas ir \u0101rst\u0113jams, bet, ja to ne\u0101rst\u0113t un \u0113st saldumus \u2014 tevi gaida: sirds defekti, aklums, nieru boj\u0101jumi, nervu boj\u0101jumi, t\u0101 saucam\u0101 diab\u0113tisk\u0101 p\u0113da \u2014 googl\u0113, tev patiks.<\/p>\n<h3>Ceturt\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Galda s\u0101ls<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/856dc51f5bb56a7cb350181706fc8575.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u201eS\u0101ls un cukurs ir m\u016bsu baltie ienaidnieki\u201d, vai ne? Tie\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c ar cukuru seko s\u0101ls.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u016bti iedom\u0101ties m\u016bsu \u0113dienu bez s\u0101ls, bet starp citu, m\u0113s to lietojam tikai personisko preferen\u010du d\u0113\u013c: n\u0101trija un hlora ir p\u0101rpiln\u012bb\u0101 produktos, papildu avots vienk\u0101r\u0161i nav nepiecie\u0161ams.<\/p>\n<p>Neskatoties uz to, ka s\u0101ls veic svar\u012bgu funkciju, atbalstot \u016bdens un s\u0101ls l\u012bdzsvaru organism\u0101, nodro\u0161inot pareizu visp\u0101r\u0113jo darb\u012bbu \u2014 no asin\u012bm l\u012bdz nier\u0113m, 3 g\/kg \u017eurk\u0101m vai 12,5 g\/kg cilv\u0113kiem sp\u0113j nogalin\u0101t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0113lonis ir tie\u0161i \u0161\u012b \u016bdens-s\u0101ls l\u012bdzsvara trauc\u0113jums, kas noved pie nieru darb\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem, strauja asinsspiediena paaugstin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s un n\u0101ves.<\/p>\n<p>Es \u0161aubos, ka k\u0101ds sp\u0113j\u0113tu ap\u0113st tik daudz s\u0101ls (ja vien tas nav izsists \u2014 nu j\u0101, tas ir labs Darvina pr\u0113mijas variants), tom\u0113r pat nelieli \"p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161anas\" gad\u012bjumi ietekm\u0113 negat\u012bvi: ir zin\u0101ms, ka s\u0101ls pat\u0113ri\u0146a samazin\u0101\u0161ana l\u012bdz 1 t\u0113jkarotei dien\u0101 un maz\u0101k samazina asinsspiedienu par 8 mmHg. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 to, ka <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/cardiovascular_diseases\/publications\/global_brief_hypertension\/ru\/\">hipertensija nogalina cilv\u0113kus daudz nopietn\u0101k nek\u0101 AIDS un v\u0113zis<\/a><\/noindex>, es uzskatu, ka s\u0101ls pat\u0113ri\u0146a samazin\u0101\u0161ana nav tik nenoz\u012bm\u012bga izdz\u012bvo\u0161anas metode.<\/p>\n<h3>Godalgoto trijotne! Tre\u0161\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Kofe\u012bns<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/0315d63a575851f3c0c69a2c9a57cde4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTagad m\u0113s run\u0101sim par dz\u0113rieniem. Kafija, t\u0113ja, kola, ener\u0123\u0113tiskie dz\u0113rieni \u2014 viss tas satur kofe\u012bnu. Cik kr\u016bzes kafijas tu jau esi izdzeris \u0161odien? Es, rakstot to visu, ne vienu, bet \u013coti gribu...<\/p>\n<p>Starp citu, 1,3,7-trimetilksant\u012bns, guaran\u012bns, kofe\u012bns, mate\u012bns, metilheobrom\u012bns, te\u012bns \u2014 tas viss ir tas pats, vienk\u0101r\u0161i ar citiem nosaukumiem, kas bie\u017ei vien izdom\u0101ti, lai izsauktu: \"J\u016bs dom\u0101jat, ka \u0161aj\u0101 dz\u0113rien\u0101 nav neviena grama kofe\u012bna \u2014 n\u0113, tas ir pavisam cits un daudz vesel\u012bg\u0101ks!\" V\u0113sturiski tas bija t\u0101: 1819. gad\u0101 v\u0101cu \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is Ferdinands Rung\u0113 \u013coti grib\u0113ja gul\u0113t un izdal\u012bja alkalo\u012bdu, ko nosauca par kofe\u012bnu (starp citu, vi\u0146\u0161 bija tie\u0161\u0101m izcils: izdal\u012bja hin\u012bnu, izdom\u0101ja izmantot hloru k\u0101 dezinfekciju un uzs\u0101ka anil\u012bna kr\u0101su v\u0113sturi). P\u0113c tam 1827. gad\u0101 Udris izdal\u012bja jaunu alkalo\u012bdu no t\u0113jas lap\u0101m un nosauca to par te\u012bnu. Un 1838. gad\u0101 Iobsts un G. J. Mulders apvainoj\u0101s uz visiem un pier\u0101d\u012bja te\u012bna un kofe\u012bna identiskumu. Kofe\u012bna strukt\u016bra tika noskaidrota l\u012bdz XIX gadsimta beig\u0101m Hermann Emil Fischer, kur\u0161 bija ar\u012b pirmais cilv\u0113ks, kur\u0161 m\u0101ksl\u012bgi sintez\u0113ja kofe\u012bnu. Vi\u0146\u0161 k\u013cuva par Nobela pr\u0113mijas \u0137\u012bmij\u0101 1902. gada laure\u0101tu, ko sa\u0146\u0113ma da\u013c\u0113ji par \u0161o darbu \u2014 c\u012b\u0146a ar miegu tika gal\u012bgi uzvar\u0113ta!<\/p>\n<p>50% su\u0146u mirst, ja vi\u0146i sa\u0146em 140 mg\/kg kofe\u012bna kop\u0101 ar \u0113dienu. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 vi\u0146i piedz\u012bvo ak\u016btu nieru mazsp\u0113ju, nelabumu, vem\u0161anu, iek\u0161\u0113jos asi\u0146ojumus, sirdsdarb\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumus, krampjus. Nepat\u012bkama n\u0101ve, j\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Cilv\u0113kam neliel\u0101s dev\u0101s kofe\u012bns ietekm\u0113 stimul\u0113jo\u0161i uz nervu sist\u0113mu \u2014 nu, to visi ir p\u0101rbaud\u012bju\u0161i uz sevis. Ilgsto\u0161i lietojot, tas var izrais\u012bt vieglu atkar\u012bbu \u2014 teismu.<\/p>\n<p>Kofe\u012bna ietekm\u0113 pa\u0101trin\u0101s sirds darb\u012bbu, palielin\u0101s asinsspiediens, apm\u0113ram 40 min\u016btes nedaudz uzlabojas garast\u0101voklis, pateicoties dopam\u012bna atbr\u012bvo\u0161anai, ta\u010du p\u0113c 3\u20146 stund\u0101m kofe\u012bna iedarb\u012bba izz\u016bd: par\u0101d\u0101s nogurums, letar\u0123ija, samazin\u0101s darba sp\u0113ja.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Garlaic\u012bga meh\u0101nisma skaidrojums kofe\u012bna iedarb\u012bbai.<\/b>Kofe\u012bna psihostimul\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas pamat\u0101 ir t\u0101 sp\u0113ja nom\u0101kt centr\u0101lo adenoz\u012bna receptoru (A1 un A2) aktivit\u0101ti smadze\u0146u garoz\u0101 un centr\u0101l\u0101s nervu sist\u0113mas subkortik\u0101lajos veidojumos. \u0160obr\u012bd ir pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka adenoz\u012bns centr\u0101laj\u0101 nervu sist\u0113m\u0101 darbojas k\u0101 neirotransmiters, agonistiski iedarbojoties uz adenoz\u012bna receptoriem, kas atrodas neironu citoplazmatiskaj\u0101s membr\u0101n\u0101s. Adenoz\u012bna receptoru I tipa (A1) aktiviz\u0113\u0161ana izraisa smadze\u0146u \u0161\u016bn\u0101s cAMP veido\u0161an\u0101s samazin\u0101\u0161anos, kas gal\u012bgaj\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 noved pie to funkcion\u0101l\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes nom\u0101k\u0161anas. A1-adenoz\u012bna receptoru blo\u0137\u0113\u0161ana veicina adenoz\u012bna inhib\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu, kas kl\u012bniski izpau\u017eas k\u0101 uzlabota gar\u012bg\u0101 un fizisk\u0101 darba sp\u0113ja.<\/p>\n<p>Tom\u0113r kofe\u012bnam nav selekt\u012bvas sp\u0113jas blo\u0137\u0113t tikai smadze\u0146u A1-adenoz\u012bna receptorus, bet tas blo\u0137\u0113 ar\u012b A2-adenoz\u012bna receptorus. Ir pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka A2-adenoz\u012bna receptoru aktiviz\u0113\u0161ana centr\u0101laj\u0101 nervu sist\u0113m\u0101 ir saist\u012bta ar D2 dopam\u012bna receptoru funkcion\u0101l\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes nom\u0101k\u0161anu. Kofe\u012bna blok\u0101de A2-adenoz\u012bna receptoriem veicina D2 dopam\u012bna receptoru funkcion\u0101l\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes atjauno\u0161anos, kas ar\u012b veicina psihostimul\u0113jo\u0161o efekta veido\u0161anos.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u012as\u0101k sakot, kofe\u012bns kaut ko blo\u0137\u0113. T\u0101pat k\u0101 opio\u012bdi. T\u0101pat k\u0101 LSD. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c b\u016bs atkar\u012bba, bet, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka blo\u0137\u0113\u0161ana nav tik sp\u0113c\u012bga un receptori nav tik vit\u0101li svar\u012bgi, teisms \u2014 nav narkom\u0101nija (lai gan daudzi kofe\u012bna lietot\u0101ji ar to str\u012bd\u0113sies).<\/p>\n<p>Kofe\u012bna p\u0101r\u0113\u0161an\u0101s simptomi ir: s\u0101pes v\u0113der\u0101, uzbudin\u0101jums, trauksme, gar\u012bgs un motorisks uzbudin\u0101jums, apjukums, del\u012brijs (disoci\u0101cija), dehidrat\u0101cija, tahikardija, aritmija, hipertermija, bie\u017ea urin\u0113\u0161ana, galvass\u0101pes, paaugstin\u0101ta taustes vai s\u0101pju jut\u012bba, tremors vai musku\u013cu spazmas; slikta d\u016b\u0161a un vem\u0161ana, da\u017ek\u0101rt ar asin\u012bm; troksnis aus\u012bs, epilepsijas l\u0113kmes (ak\u016bt\u0101 p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161an\u0101 \u2014 toniski-kloniski krampji).<\/p>\n<p>Kofe\u012bns dev\u0101s, kas p\u0101rsniedz 300 mg dien\u0101 (tostarp \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 kafijas \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgu izmanto\u0161anu \u2014 vair\u0101k nek\u0101 4 tas\u012btes dab\u012bgas kafijas pa 150 ml), var izrais\u012bt trauksmes st\u0101vokli, galvass\u0101pes, tremoru, apjukumu, sirds darb\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumus.<\/p>\n<p>Devas 150\u2014200 mg uz kilogramu cilv\u0113ka \u0137erme\u0146a masas kofe\u012bns var izrais\u012bt n\u0101vi. Tie\u0161i t\u0101pat k\u0101 su\u0146iem.<\/p>\n<p>Nu, kur ir man\u0101 kafija?<\/p>\n<h3>Otr\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Nikot\u012bns<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5c2f39d81eddc4c0489863ac3d53ed49.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVisi zina par sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anas kait\u012bgumu. Un ar\u012b par to, ka nikot\u012bns ir inde. Bet noskaidrosim.<\/p>\n<p>Ar nikot\u012bna toksiskumu saist\u012bta apbr\u012bnojama lieta par saind\u0113\u0161anos Be\u013c\u0123ij\u0101 1850. gad\u0101, kad gr\u0101fs Bokarme tika aps\u016bdz\u0113ts sievas br\u0101\u013ca saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101. Konsultants \u0161aj\u0101 liet\u0101 bija be\u013c\u0123u \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is \u017dans Serv\u0113 Stass, kur\u0161 gr\u016bt\u0101 anal\u012bz\u0113 ne tikai noskaidroja, ka saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s notikusi ar nikot\u012bnu, bet ar\u012b izstr\u0101d\u0101ja alkalo\u012bdu noteik\u0161anas metodi, kas ar neliel\u0101m modifik\u0101cij\u0101m tiek pielietota anal\u012btiskaj\u0101 \u0137\u012bmij\u0101 l\u012bdz pat \u0161odienai.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0113c tam nikot\u012bnu neizp\u0113t\u012bja un nenoteica tikai slinks. \u0160obr\u012bd zin\u0101ms sekojo\u0161ais.<\/p>\n<p>Kad nikot\u012bns non\u0101k organism\u0101, tas \u0101tri izplat\u0101s pa asin\u012bm un var p\u0101rvar\u0113t hematoencef\u0101lisko barjeru. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka tas tie\u0161i non\u0101k smadzen\u0113s. Vid\u0113ji pietiek ar 7 sekund\u0113m p\u0113c tabakas d\u016bmu ieelpo\u0161anas, lai nikot\u012bns sasniegtu smadzenes. Nikot\u012bna pusizvad\u012b\u0161anas laiks no organisma ir apm\u0113ram divas stundas. Nikot\u012bns, kas tiek ieelpots ar tabakas d\u016bmiem, veido nelielu da\u013cu no tabakas lap\u0101s eso\u0161\u0101 nikot\u012bna (liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca vielas sadegs, diem\u017e\u0113l). Nikot\u012bna daudzums, ko organisms uzs\u016bc sm\u0113\u0137\u0113jot, ir atkar\u012bgs no daudziem faktoriem, tostarp tabakas veida, no t\u0101, vai viss d\u016bms tiek ieelpots un vai tiek izmantots filtrs. Ar \u017e\u0101v\u0113jamo un sniffing tabaku, kas tiek ievietota mut\u0113 un ko ko\u0161\u013c\u0101 vai ieelpo caur degunu, nikot\u012bna daudzums, kas non\u0101k organism\u0101, ir daudz liel\u0101ks nek\u0101 sm\u0113\u0137\u0113jot tabaku. Nikot\u012bns tiek metaboliz\u0113ts akn\u0101s, izmantojot P450 citohrroma fermentu (galvenok\u0101rt CYP2A6, k\u0101 ar\u012b CYP2B6). Galvenais metabolites ir kotin\u012bns.<\/p>\n<p>Nikot\u012bna ietekme uz nervu sist\u0113mu ir labi p\u0113t\u012bta un neskaidra. Nikot\u012bns iedarbojas uz nikot\u012bna acetilhol\u012bna receptoriem: protonu ievad\u012btais sl\u0101pek\u013ca atoms nikot\u012bn\u0101 imit\u0113 ceturto sl\u0101pek\u013ca atomu acetilhol\u012bn\u0101, bet pirid\u012bna sl\u0101pek\u013ca atoms izr\u0101da L\u016bisa b\u0101zes raksturu, t\u0101pat k\u0101 acetilhol\u012bna ketogrupa. Zemos koncentr\u0101cij\u0101s tas palielina \u0161o receptoru aktivit\u0101ti, kas, starp citu, noved pie stimul\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 hormona adrenal\u012bna (epinefr\u012bna) daudzuma palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s. Adrenal\u012bna izdal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s noved pie sirdsdarb\u012bbas \u0101truma palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, asinsspiediena paaugstin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s un elpo\u0161anas frekvences pieauguma, k\u0101 ar\u012b augst\u0101ka glikozes l\u012bme\u0146a asin\u012bs.<\/p>\n<p>Simpatisk\u0101 nervu sist\u0113ma, iedarbojoties caur zarnu nerviem uz virsnieru smadzen\u0113m, stimul\u0113 adrenal\u012bna izdal\u012b\u0161anos. Acetilhol\u012bns, ko ra\u017eo \u0161o nervu preganglionar\u0101s simp\u0101tisk\u0101s \u0161\u0137iedras, iedarbojas uz nikot\u012bna acetilhol\u012bna receptoriem, izraisot \u0161\u016bnu depolariz\u0101ciju un kalcija iepl\u016bdi caur potenci\u0101lu atkar\u012bgajiem kalcija kan\u0101liem. Kalisijs aktiviz\u0113 hromaf\u012bnu graudu eksocitozi, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di veicinot adrenal\u012bna (un noradrenal\u012bna) izdal\u012b\u0161anos asin\u012bs.<\/p>\n<p>Vai esmu jau norakst\u012bjis tavu smadze\u0146u darb\u012bbu slikt\u0101k nek\u0101 nikot\u012bns? J\u0101? Nu tad par\u012bkojam pat\u012bkam\u0101k.<\/p>\n<p>Turpinot visu citu, nikot\u012bns paaugstina dopam\u012bna l\u012bmeni smadze\u0146u baudas centros. Ir konstat\u0113ts, ka tabakas sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana nom\u0101c monoam\u012bnoksid\u0101zi \u2014 fermentu, kas atbild par monoam\u012bnu neirotransmitoru (piem\u0113ram, dopam\u012bna) sadal\u012b\u0161anu smadzen\u0113s. Tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka pats nikot\u012bns nenom\u0101c monoam\u012bnoksid\u0101zes ra\u017eo\u0161anu, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c atbild\u012bgi ir citi tabakas d\u016bmu komponenti. Paaugstin\u0101tais dopam\u012bna l\u012bmenis uztrauc smadze\u0146u baudas centrus, un \u0161ie pa\u0161i smadze\u0146u centri ir atbild\u012bgi par \u201es\u0101pju slieksni\u201d, t\u0101p\u0113c jaut\u0101jums par to, vai sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101js g\u016bst baudu, paliek atkl\u0101ts.<\/p>\n<p>Neskatoties uz augsto toksicit\u0101ti, nikot\u012bns mazos daudzumos (piem\u0113ram, pie tabakas sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anas) darbojas k\u0101 psihostimulants. Nikot\u012bna ietekme uz garast\u0101vokli ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga. Izraisot glikozes izdal\u012b\u0161anos no akn\u0101m un adrenal\u012bna (epinefr\u012bna) izdal\u012b\u0161anos no virsnieru smadze\u0146u vielas, tas rada uztraukumu. No subjekt\u012bv\u0101 viedok\u013ca tas izpau\u017eas k\u0101 relaks\u0101cijas, mier\u012bguma un dz\u012bv\u012bguma saj\u016btas, k\u0101 ar\u012b m\u0113reni eiforisks st\u0101voklis.<\/p>\n<p>Nikot\u012bna lieto\u0161ana noved pie \u0137erme\u0146a masas samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, samazinot apet\u012bti, pateicoties t\u0101 stimul\u0113jo\u0161ajai ietekmei uz POMC neironiem un paaugstinot glikozes l\u012bmeni asin\u012bs (glikoze, iedarbojoties uz s\u0101ta un izsalkuma centriem smadze\u0146u hipotal\u0101m\u0101, nom\u0101c izsalkuma saj\u016btu). Paties\u012bb\u0101 pieejam\u0101, saprotam\u0101 un noder\u012bg\u0101 di\u0113ta \u201ene\u0113st daudz\u201d darbojas v\u0113l efekt\u012bv\u0101k.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101 m\u0113s redzam, nikot\u012bna ietekme uz organismu ir diezgan sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta. Ko no t\u0101 izcelt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nikot\u012bns ir viela, kas mijiedarbojas ar nervu receptoriem<\/li>\n<li>K\u0101 daudzas l\u012bdz\u012bgas vielas, nikot\u012bns izraisa atkar\u012bbu un atkar\u012bbu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nStarp citu, pacientiem ar gar\u012bg\u0101m saslim\u0161an\u0101m nov\u0113rojama paaugstin\u0101ta atkar\u012bba no sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anas (tu sm\u0113\u0137\u0113? \u2014 padom\u0101 un ej pie psihiatra: nav veselu, ir tikai nepietiekami izmekl\u0113ti). Liels p\u0113t\u012bjumu skaits vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 apgalvo, ka cilv\u0113ki ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju ir vair\u0101k pak\u013cauti sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anai (20 da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s valst\u012bs tika izp\u0113t\u012bti 7593 pacienti ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju, no kuriem 62 % bija sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101ji). L\u012bdz 2006. gadam ASV 80 % un vair\u0101k cilv\u0113ku ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju sm\u0113\u0137\u0113ja, sal\u012bdzinot ar 20 % nesm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101ju visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 popul\u0101cij\u0101 (saska\u0146\u0101 ar NCI datiem). Past\u0101v virkne hipot\u0113\u017eu par \u0161o atkar\u012bbu c\u0113lo\u0146iem, izskaidrojot to k\u0101 v\u0113lmi pretoties trauc\u0113jumu simptomiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b v\u0113lmi pretoties antipsihotisko z\u0101\u013cu negat\u012bvajai ietekmei. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar vienu no hipot\u0113z\u0113m nikot\u012bns pats p\u0101rk\u0101pj psihiku.<\/p>\n<p>Nikot\u012bns ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi toksisks k\u0101rdino\u0161ajiem dz\u012bvniekiem. Tas darbojas k\u0101 neirotoks\u012bns, izraisot nervu sist\u0113mas paral\u012bzi (elpo\u0161anas apst\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, sirdsdarb\u012bbas apst\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, n\u0101ve). Vid\u0113j\u0101 let\u0101l\u0101 deva cilv\u0113kam ir 0,5-1 mg\/kg, \u017eurk\u0101m \u2013 140 mg\/kg caur \u0101du, pel\u0113m \u2013 0,8 mg\/kg intravenozi un 5,9 mg\/kg intraperitone\u0101l\u0101 ievad\u012b\u0161an\u0101. Nikot\u012bns ir ind\u012bgs da\u017eiem kukai\u0146iem, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 agr\u0101k pla\u0161i izmantoja k\u0101 insektic\u012bdu, un m\u016bsdien\u0101s k\u0101 t\u0101du turpina izmantot nikot\u012bna atvasin\u0101jumus, piem\u0113ram, imidaklopr\u012bdu.<\/p>\n<p>Ilgsto\u0161a lieto\u0161ana var izrais\u012bt t\u0101das slim\u012bbas un disfunkcijas k\u0101 hiperim\u016bna, arteri\u0101la hipertensija, ateroskleroze, tahikardija, aritmija, stenokardija, i\u0161\u0113miska sirds slim\u012bba, sirds mazsp\u0113ja. <\/p>\n<p>Paties\u012bb\u0101 nikot\u012bna toksiskums \u2014 praktiski nekas, sal\u012bdzinot ar p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101m br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bb\u0101m, proti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u016bmi sm\u0113\u0137\u0113jot \u2014 veicina onkolo\u0123isko slim\u012bbu att\u012bst\u012bbu, tostarp plau\u0161u, m\u0113les, r\u012bkles, bar\u012bbas vada, ku\u0146\u0123a utt. v\u0113zi.<\/li>\n<li>Nehigi\u0113na sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana \u2014 veicina gingiv\u012bta un stomat\u012bta att\u012bst\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<li>Nepiln\u012bgas deg\u0161anas produkti (oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bds) \u2014 nu, te viss ir skaidrs, lasi manu iepriek\u0161\u0113jo opusu<\/li>\n<li>Darbin\u0101\u0161anas sve\u0137i plau\u0161\u0101s \u2014 r\u012bta sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101ja klepus, bronh\u012bti, plau\u0161u emfiz\u0113ma un plau\u0161u v\u0113zis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPa\u0161laik neviena cigare\u0161u sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anas metode nepasarg\u0101 100% no sek\u0101m \u2014 t\u0101d\u0113\u013c visi tie j\u016bsu filtri, \u016bdenscaurules un citi meh\u0101nismi \u2014 nen str\u0101d\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Vapejiem ar\u012b nevajadz\u0113tu atp\u016bsties \u2014 un iemesls ir vienk\u0101r\u0161s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Neskatoties uz to, ka tiek izmantoti nekait\u012bgi komponenti, piem\u0113ram, glicer\u012bns \u2014 <i>tie ir nekait\u012bgi p\u0101rtikas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101.<\/i>! Neviens nezina par ietekmes sek\u0101m un visp\u0101r par g\u0101zu sast\u0101vu, kas tiek izdal\u012bts, veicot pirol\u012bzi vape\u0161anas laik\u0101. P\u0113t\u012bjumi \u0161obr\u012bd tikai notiek (<noindex>piem\u0113rs viens<\/noindex> un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.est.6b05145\">piem\u0113rs divi<\/a><\/noindex>), un rezult\u0101ti jau ir iespaid\u012bgi.<br \/>\n <b class=\"spoiler_title\">Iepaz\u012bstieties<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/e783f6ba31d33c68e8dce9743e40595e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Es jau teicu, ka nikot\u012bns tika izmantots k\u0101 pestic\u012bds. Kop\u0161 2014. gada to praktiski neizmanto ASV, Eiropas Savien\u012bb\u0101 \u2014 tas ir piln\u012bb\u0101 aizliegts kop\u0161 2009. gada. Tom\u0113r tas netrauc\u0113 to izmantot \u0136\u012bn\u0101\u2026<br \/>\n Pa\u0161laik tirg\u016b ir nikot\u012bns farmaceitisk\u0101s kvalit\u0101tes (Pharma Grade, USP \/ PhEur vai USP \/ EP). Bet \u0136\u012bn\u0101 tiek ra\u017eots ar\u012b insektic\u012bds. Iev\u0113rojiet: kas ir l\u0113t\u0101ks? Atkal saku, es neesmu vapejs, bet es interes\u0113ju tevi, lai g\u016bgl\u0113tu un sal\u012bdzin\u0101tu cenas tam, ko tu nopirki \u0161aj\u0101 pudel\u0113 ar to, cik tam vajadz\u0113tu izmaks\u0101t. Jo tu vari k\u0101d\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b justies k\u0101 tarak\u0101ns un piln\u012bb\u0101 izbaud\u012bt piemais\u012bjumus zemas kvalit\u0101tes nikot\u012bn\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCitiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, pa\u0161laik cilv\u0113ce neizmanto piln\u012bgi dro\u0161us nikot\u012bna lieto\u0161anas veidus. Vai tas ir nepiecie\u0161ams?<\/p>\n<h3>Un m\u016bsu uzvar\u0113t\u0101js! Iepaz\u012bstiniet! Pirm\u0101 vieta<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Etanols<\/b>\u010capaevie\u0161i atspieda baltos pie stacijas. <br \/>\nP\u0101rbaudot trofejas, Vasilijs Ivanovi\u010ds un Pe\u010dka atkl\u0101ja cisternu ar spirta saturu.<br \/>\nLai karav\u012bri nenop\u012bp\u0113tos, vi\u0146i uzrakst\u012bja C2H5-OH, cerot, <br \/>\nka karav\u012bri \u0137\u012bmiju zina v\u0101ji. No r\u012bta visi bija \u00abmirdzo\u0161i\u00bb. <br \/>\n\u010capaev satrakoj\u0101s ar vienu un jaut\u0101ja:<br \/>\n \u2014 K\u0101 atrad\u0101t?<br \/>\n \u2014 J\u0101, vienk\u0101r\u0161i. M\u0113s mekl\u0113j\u0101m, mekl\u0113j\u0101m, p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i skat\u0101mies: kaut kas uz cisternas rakst\u012bts \u2014 un tad defisks un \u00abOH\u00bb. Pam\u0113\u0123in\u0101j\u0101m \u2014 tie\u0161i vi\u0146\u0161!<\/p>\n<p>Visp\u0101r, past\u0101v pat etanola toksikolo\u0123ija \u2014 medic\u012bnas joma, kas p\u0113ta toksisko vielu etanolu (alkoholu) un visu, kas ar to saist\u012bts. T\u0101p\u0113c negaidiet, ka es var\u0113\u0161u iek\u013caut vair\u0101kus rakstus vien\u0101 rakst\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Paties\u012bb\u0101 cilv\u0113ci ar etanolu iepaz\u012bstina \u013coti, \u013coti sen. Atkl\u0101tie akmens laikmeta trauki ar ferment\u0113to dz\u0113rienu paliek\u0101m liecina, ka alkoholisko dz\u0113rienu ra\u017eo\u0161ana un lieto\u0161ana past\u0101v\u0113ja jau neol\u012bta \u0113ras laik\u0101. Alus un v\u012bns ir viens no sen\u0101kajiem dz\u0113rieniem. V\u012bns ir k\u013cuvis par vienu no noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kajiem kult\u016bras simboliem da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m Vidusj\u016bras taut\u0101m un ie\u0146\u0113mis svar\u012bgu vietu vi\u0146u mitolo\u0123ij\u0101 un ritu\u0101los, bet v\u0113l\u0101k ar\u012b krist\u012bgaj\u0101 dievkalpojum\u0101 (skat. Euharistija). Taut\u0101m, kas audz\u0113 graudus (mie\u017eus, kvie\u0161us, rudus), alus bija galvenais sv\u0113tku dz\u0113riens.<\/p>\n<p>Starp citu, b\u016bdams blakusprodukts glikozes metabolism\u0101, vesel\u012bga cilv\u0113ka asin\u012bs var b\u016bt l\u012bdz 0,01% endog\u0113n\u0101 etanola.<\/p>\n<p>Un, neskatoties uz to, zin\u0101tne joproj\u0101m nav p\u0101rliecin\u0101ta par:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>etanola ietekmes meh\u0101nismu uz centr\u0101lo nervu sist\u0113mu \u2014 reibumu<\/li>\n<li>p\u0101rsteiguma meh\u0101nismu un c\u0113lo\u0146iem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEtanola iedarb\u012bba uz organismu ir tik daudz\u0161\u0137aut\u0146aina, ka tai velt\u0101ma atsevi\u0161\u0137a raksta. Bet t\u0101 k\u0101 esmu s\u0101cis\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Uzskata, ka etanols, izce\u013coties ar izteiktu organotropiju, uzkr\u0101jas smadzen\u0113s vair\u0101k nek\u0101 asin\u012bs. Pat zemas alkohola devas aktiviz\u0113 inhib\u0113jo\u0161o GABA \u2014 sist\u0113mu aktivit\u0101ti smadzen\u0113s, un tie\u0161i \u0161is process izraisa nomierino\u0161o efektu, kas tiek pavad\u012bts ar musku\u013cu relaks\u0101ciju, miegain\u012bbu un euforiju (reibo\u0146a saj\u016btu). \u0122en\u0113tisk\u0101s vari\u0101cijas GABA receptoros var ietekm\u0113t tieksmi uz alkoholu.<\/p>\n<p>\u012apa\u0161i izteikta dopam\u012bna receptoru aktiv\u0101cija nov\u0113rojama blakus kodol\u0101 un ventr\u0101laj\u0101s smadze\u0146u zonas. \u0160o zonu reakcija uz etanola ietekm\u0113 izdal\u012bto dopam\u012bnu ir atbild\u012bga par euforiju, un tas var b\u016bt saist\u012bts ar iesp\u0113ju att\u012bst\u012bt atkar\u012bbu no alkohola. Etanols ar\u012b veicina opiodu pept\u012bdu (piem\u0113ram, beta-endorf\u012bna) izdal\u012b\u0161anos, kas savuk\u0101rt ir saist\u012bts ar dopam\u012bna izdal\u012b\u0161anos. Opiodu pept\u012bdi ar\u012b sp\u0113l\u0113 noteiktu lomu euforijas veido\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Visbeidzot, alkohols stimul\u0113 smadze\u0146u seroton\u012bner\u0123isko sist\u0113mu. Past\u0101v \u0123en\u0113tiski noteiktas at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas jut\u012bb\u0101 pret alkoholu, kas atkar\u012bgas no seroton\u012bna transporta prote\u012bnu g\u0113nu aleliem.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160obr\u012bd tiek akt\u012bvi p\u0113t\u012bta alkohola ietekme uz citiem receptoriem un mediatoru sist\u0113m\u0101m smadzen\u0113s, tostarp adrenal\u012bna, kanabino\u012bdu, acetilhol\u012bna receptoriem, adenoz\u012bna un stresa regul\u0113jo\u0161aj\u0101m (piem\u0113ram, kortikotrop\u012bnu atbr\u012bvojo\u0161\u0101 hormona) sist\u0113m\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p>\u012asum\u0101, viss ir \u013coti sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti un veido lielisku zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s darb\u012bbas laukumu.<\/p>\n<p>Etilspirta saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ilgsto\u0161\u0101 laika posm\u0101 ie\u0146em vado\u0161o vietu m\u0101jsaimniec\u012bbas saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101 p\u0113c absol\u016bt\u0101 let\u0101lo izn\u0101kumu skaita. Vair\u0101k nek\u0101 60 % visu n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161o saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjumu Krievij\u0101 ir saist\u012bti ar alkoholu. Tom\u0113r attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161o koncentr\u0101ciju un devu \u2014 viss nav tik vienk\u0101r\u0161i. Tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka alkohola n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 koncentr\u0101cija asin\u012bs ir 5\u20138 g\/l, n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 vienreiz\u0113j\u0101 deva \u2014 4\u201312 g\/kg (apm\u0113ram 300 ml 96 % etanola), tom\u0113r person\u0101m ar hronisku alkoholisma formu tolerance pret alkoholu var b\u016bt iev\u0113rojami augst\u0101ka.<\/p>\n<p>Viss tas izskaidrojams ar da\u017e\u0101du bio\u0137\u012bmiju: reibuma \u0101trums un intensit\u0101te at\u0161\u0137iras gan da\u017e\u0101du taut\u012bbu cilv\u0113kiem, gan v\u012brie\u0161iem un sieviet\u0113m (to nosaka, ka alkohola dehidrogen\u0101zes (ADG vai ADG I) izoenz\u012bmu spektrs ir \u0123en\u0113tiski noteikts \u2014 da\u017e\u0101du ADG izoformu aktivit\u0101te ir izteikti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga da\u017e\u0101diem cilv\u0113kiem). Turkl\u0101t reibuma \u012bpatn\u012bbas ar\u012b ir atkar\u012bgas no \u0137erme\u0146a masas, auguma, izdzert\u0101 alkohola daudzuma un dz\u0113riena veida (cukura vai tann\u012bnu kl\u0101tb\u016btne, oglek\u013ca dioks\u012bda saturs, dz\u0113riena stiprums, uzkodas).<\/p>\n<p>A organism\u0101 ADG oksid\u0113 etanolu l\u012bdz acetaldeh\u012bdam, un, ja viss norit labi, tad t\u0101l\u0101k l\u012bdz dro\u0161ai un \u013coti kaloriskai eti\u0137sk\u0101bei \u2013 j\u0101, j\u0101, es nenoziedzu: \"kaut kas s\u0101ka atdzist \u2013 vai nav laiks mums piev\u0113rsties\" ir piln\u012bgi bioh\u012bmisks pamatojums: etanols \u2013 \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi kaloriska viela. Praks\u0113 viss pasliktin\u0101s vai nu sk\u0101bek\u013ca tr\u016bkuma d\u0113\u013c oksid\u0113\u0161anai (sm\u0113\u0137\u0113ta telpa, nosmaku\u0161ais gaiss \u2013 tas viss ir no \u0161ejienes), vai etanola p\u0101rpalikuma d\u0113\u013c, vai ADG neaktivit\u0101tes d\u0113\u013c \u2013 kas var b\u016bt \u0123en\u0113tiskas predispoz\u012bcijas vai element\u0101ra dz\u0113ruma rezult\u0101ts. T\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 viss apst\u0101jas pie acetaldeh\u012bda \u2013 kas ir toksiska, mutag\u0113na un kancerog\u0113na viela. Ir pier\u0101d\u012bjumi par acetaldeh\u012bda kancerogenit\u0101ti eksperimentos uz dz\u012bvniekiem, turkl\u0101t acetaldeh\u012bds boj\u0101 DNS.<\/p>\n<p>Visa nelaime, kas saist\u012bta ar etanolu, gandr\u012bz piln\u012bb\u0101 saist\u012bta ar acetaldeh\u012bdu, bet b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101, toksisk\u0101 iedarb\u012bba ir unik\u0101la un visaptvero\u0161a. Padom\u0101jiet pa\u0161i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trauc\u0113jumi gremo\u0161anas trakt\u0101. Tie izpau\u017eas k\u0101 asas s\u0101pes ku\u0146\u0123a rajon\u0101 un caureja. Visgr\u016bt\u0101k tie norit alkoholi\u0137iem. S\u0101pes ku\u0146\u0123a rajon\u0101 ir saist\u012btas ar g\u013cot\u0101das boj\u0101jumiem ku\u0146\u0123\u012b un tievaj\u0101 zarn\u0101, \u012bpa\u0161i divpadsmitpirkstu un tievaj\u0101s zarn\u0101s. Caureja ir strauji att\u012bsto\u0161a lakt\u0101zes defic\u012bta un ar to saist\u012bt\u0101s samazin\u0101tas laktozes tolerances rezult\u0101ts, k\u0101 ar\u012b trauc\u0113ta \u016bdens un elektrol\u012btu uzs\u016bk\u0161an\u0101s tievaj\u0101 zarn\u0101. Pat vienreiz\u0113ja liela alkohola deva var izrais\u012bt nekrotiz\u0113jo\u0161u pankreat\u012btu ar bie\u017eu let\u0101lu izn\u0101kumu. P\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga alkohola lieto\u0161ana palielina gastr\u012bta un ku\u0146\u0123a \u010d\u016blu, k\u0101 ar\u012b gremo\u0161anas trakta v\u0113\u017ea slim\u012bbu att\u012bst\u012bbas iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<li>Lai gan aknas ir da\u013ca no GIT, ir j\u0113ga apsv\u0113rt alkohola boj\u0101jumus \u0161im organam atsevi\u0161\u0137i, jo etanola biotransform\u0101cija galvenok\u0101rt notiek akn\u0101s \u2014 tie\u0161i tur atrodas alkohola dehidrogen\u0101ze (ADG). Man pat ir \u017e\u0113l \u0161o org\u0101nu \u0161aj\u0101 izpratn\u0113. Pat vienreiz\u012bga alkohola lieto\u0161ana var izrais\u012bt tranziotoru hepatoc\u012btu nekrozi. Ilgsto\u0161i lietojot, var att\u012bst\u012bties alkoholisk\u0101 steatohepat\u012bta. \"Iztur\u012bbas\" pret alkoholu palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s (tas notiek palielin\u0101tas alkohola dehidrogen\u0101zes (ADG) ra\u017eo\u0161anas d\u0113\u013c, kas ir \u0137erme\u0146a aizsardz\u012bbas reakcija) notiek alkoholisk\u0101s aknu distrofijas stadij\u0101 \u2014 t\u0101p\u0113c nejaucies, %username%, ja esi k\u013cuvis par iedzer\u0161anas rekordistu! P\u0113c tam, veidojoties alkoholiskajam hepat\u012btam un aknu cirozei, kop\u0113j\u0101 ADG aktivit\u0101te samazin\u0101s, ta\u010du joproj\u0101m paliek augsta re\u0123ener\u0113jo\u0161ajos hepatoc\u012btos. Daudzas nekrozes fokusas noved pie fibrozes un, galu gal\u0101, aknu cirozes. Ciroze att\u012bst\u0101s vismaz 10% cilv\u0113ku ar steatohepat\u012btu. Bez akn\u0101m cilv\u0113ki nedz\u012bvo...<\/li>\n<li>Etanols ir hemol\u012btisks inde. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c etanola augstas koncentr\u0101cijas, iek\u013c\u016bstot asin\u012bs, var izn\u012bcin\u0101t eritroc\u012btus (izrais\u012bt patolo\u0123isku hemol\u012bzi), kas var novest pie toksiskas hemol\u012btisk\u0101s an\u0113mijas. Daudzi p\u0113t\u012bjumi ir par\u0101d\u012bju\u0161i skaidru saikni starp alkohola devu un paaugstin\u0101tu arteri\u0101l\u0101s hipertensijas risku. Alkohola dz\u0113rieni ir toksiski sirds muskulat\u016brai, aktiviz\u0113 simpatoadren\u0101lo sist\u0113mu, izraisot kateholam\u012bnu izdal\u012b\u0161anos, kas izraisa koron\u0101ro asinsvadu krampjus un trauc\u0113 sirdsdarb\u012bbas ritmu. P\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga alkohola lieto\u0161ana palielina ZBL (\u201cslikto\u201d holester\u012bnu) un noved pie alkoholiskas kardiomiop\u0101tijas un da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m aritmij\u0101m (min\u0113t\u0101s izmai\u0146as parasti nov\u0113rojamas, ja tiek pat\u0113r\u0113ti vair\u0101k nek\u0101 30 g etanola dien\u0101). Alkohols var palielin\u0101t insulta risku, atkar\u012bb\u0101 no alkohola daudzuma un insulta veida, un bie\u017ei ir p\u0113k\u0161\u0146as n\u0101ves c\u0113lonis cilv\u0113kiem, kuri cie\u0161 no i\u0161\u0113miskiem sirds slim\u012bb\u0101m.<\/li>\n<li>Ethanola lieto\u0161ana var izrais\u012bt oksidat\u012bvu boj\u0101jumu nervu \u0161\u016bn\u0101m smadzen\u0113s, k\u0101 ar\u012b to n\u0101vi, boj\u0101jot hematoencef\u0101lisko barjeru. Hronisks alkoholisms var izrais\u012bt smadze\u0146u tilpuma samazin\u0101\u0161anos \u2014 ta\u010du tas nav tas tilpums, kas b\u016btu noder\u012bgs. Ilgsto\u0161i lietojot alkoholu, smadze\u0146u garoz\u0101 nov\u0113ro organiskas izmai\u0146as nervu \u0161\u016bn\u0101s. \u0160\u012bs izmai\u0146as rodas asi\u0146o\u0161anas un nekr\u014dzes viet\u0101s. Lielu alkohola devu lieto\u0161anas gad\u012bjum\u0101 var rasties smadze\u0146u kapil\u0101ru pl\u012bsumi \u2014 t\u0101p\u0113c smadzenes var<\/li>\n<li>Palielin\u0101ties. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nUff. Labi, ka es neiedevu konjaku savam kafijam, vai ne? \u012asum\u0101, p\u0101rlieku dzert ir kait\u012bgi. Bet ko dar\u012bt, ja nedzer?<\/p>\n<p>Termins \"m\u0113rens alkohola pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161\" tiek p\u0101rskat\u012bts atkar\u012bb\u0101 no jaun\u0101kajiem zin\u0101tniskajiem datiem. Pa\u0161laik tiek vad\u012bts p\u0113c defin\u012bcijas, kas pie\u0146emta ASV: ne vair\u0101k k\u0101 24 g etanola dien\u0101 liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai pieaugu\u0161o v\u012brie\u0161u un ne vair\u0101k k\u0101 12 g liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai sievie\u0161u.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u0113ma ir t\u0101da, ka praktiski nav iesp\u0113jams veidot \"t\u012bru\" eksperimentu \u2014 pasaul\u0113 nav iesp\u0113jams atrast cilv\u0113ku paraugu, kas nekad nav dz\u0113ris. Un ja t\u0101ds ir \u2014 nav iesp\u0113jams nov\u0113rst citu faktoru ietekmi \u2014 piem\u0113ram, ekolo\u0123iju. Un ja t\u0101ds ir \u2014 nav iesp\u0113jams atrast t\u0101dus cilv\u0113kus, kas neb\u016btu slimoju\u0161i ar hepat\u012btu, kuriem b\u016btu vesel\u012bgas sirds un t\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k. <\/p>\n<p>Un v\u0113l cilv\u0113ki melo. Tas visu sare\u017e\u0123\u012b.<\/p>\n<p>Vai tu dom\u0101, ka zini str\u012bdus? M\u0113\u0123ini uzmekl\u0113t rakstus par alkohola ietekmi no Filmora, Harrisa un daudziem citiem zin\u0101tniekiem, kuri ir velt\u012bju\u0161i sevi alkoholisma p\u0113t\u012b\u0161anai! Jau tikai par sarkan\u0101 v\u012bna ieguvumiem ir daudz diskusiju, piem\u0113ram, nesen noskaidroj\u0101s, ka polifenolu \u2014 tie\u0161i ar to saista sarkan\u0101 v\u012bna labumu \u2014 baltaj\u0101 v\u012bn\u0101 ir aptuveni tikpat daudz.<\/p>\n<p>Un, ja novirz\u012bsimies no zin\u0101tnes \u2014 popul\u0101raj\u0101 literat\u016br\u0101 par alkohola lieto\u0161anas labumu ir tikpat daudz mu\u013c\u0137\u012bbu, cik par t\u0101s kait\u012bgumu (viena vien\u012bga sievie\u0161u dzimuma hormoni, kas saturas alum, ko v\u0113rts piemin\u0113t).<\/p>\n<p>Kam\u0113r \u0161ie jaut\u0101jumi netiek noskaidroti, visracion\u0101l\u0101kie b\u016bs \u0161\u0101di padomi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiem, kas \u0161obr\u012bd visp\u0101r nelieto alkoholu, nevajadz\u0113tu ieteikt to lietot tikai vesel\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c, jo nav pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka alkohols ir c\u0113lonis vesel\u012bbas uzlabo\u0161anai.<\/li>\n<li>Person\u0101m, kas lieto alkoholu un nav riska grup\u0101 attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz alkoholisma probl\u0113m\u0101m (gr\u016btnieces vai barojo\u0161\u0101s sievietes, autovad\u012bt\u0101ji vai citu potenci\u0101li b\u012bstamu meh\u0101nismu vad\u012bt\u0101ji, kas lieto z\u0101les, kur\u0101m alkohols ir kontrindic\u0113ts, cilv\u0113ki ar \u0123imenes v\u0113sturi par alkoholisma probl\u0113m\u0101m vai tie, kas atvese\u013cojas no alkoholisma), nevajadz\u0113tu p\u0101rsniegt 12-24 g etanola dien\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar ASV Dietolo\u0123ijas rokasgr\u0101matas ieteikumiem.<\/li>\n<li>Person\u0101m, kas lieto alkoholu virs m\u0113ren\u0101m dev\u0101m, vajadz\u0113tu ieteikt samazin\u0101t pat\u0113ri\u0146u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPats interesant\u0101kais ir tas, ka zin\u0101tnieki ir vienispr\u0101tis par t\u0101 saucamo J-augsto mirst\u012bbas l\u012bkni. Ir konstat\u0113ts, ka saist\u012bba starp pat\u0113r\u0113to alkohola daudzumu un mirst\u012bbu vid\u0113ja vecuma un vec\u0101kiem v\u012brie\u0161iem l\u012bdz\u012bga izgul\u0113tai v\u0113stulei \u00abJ\u00bb: kam\u0113r nebaudot alkoholu un lietojot p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgas devas, mirst\u012bba ir iev\u0113rojami paaugstin\u0101ta, mirst\u012bba (kop\u0113j\u0101 no visiem iemesliem) ir par 15-18 % zem\u0101ka starp tiem, kas dzer neliel\u0101s dev\u0101s (1-2 vien\u012bbas dien\u0101), nek\u0101 starp nepieredz\u0113ju\u0161iem. C\u0113lo\u0146i ir da\u017e\u0101di \u2014 no dzi\u013cas bio\u0137\u012bmijas un medic\u012bnas, kur pat d\u0113mons var iestr\u0113gt \u2014 l\u012bdz lab\u0101kai soci\u0101lai statusam un vesel\u012bbas kvalit\u0101tei tiem, kas lieto alkoholu m\u0113ren\u012bb\u0101, bet fakts paliek fakts (pat ir biju\u0161i p\u0113t\u012bjumi, kur pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka m\u0113reni dzerjo cilv\u0113ku di\u0113ta satur maz\u0101k tauku un holester\u012bna sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar tiem, kas nedzer, un m\u0113reni dzerjo cilv\u0113ki bie\u017e\u0101k nodarbojas ar sportu un ir fiziski akt\u012bv\u0101ki nek\u0101 piln\u012bgi nedz\u0113ru\u0161ie \u2014 \u012bs\u0101k sakot, visiem ir skaidrs, ka piln\u012bgi atteikties no alkohola nev\u0113las pat zin\u0101tnieki, kuri vis\u0101di cen\u0161as attaisnot \u0161o piesardz\u012bbu).<\/p>\n<p>Piln\u012bgi skaidrs, un visi par to piekr\u012bt, ka alkohola pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161 lielos daudzumos izraisa b\u016btisku mirst\u012bbas pieaugumu. Piem\u0113ram, p\u0113t\u012bjums ASV par\u0101d\u012bja, ka cilv\u0113ki, kuri dzer piecus vai vair\u0101k alkoholiskos dz\u0113rienus dien\u0101, ir par 30% vair\u0101k pak\u013cauti mirst\u012bbai nek\u0101 tie, kuri pat\u0113r\u0113 tikai vienu vien\u012bbu. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar citu p\u0113t\u012bjumu, cilv\u0113ki, kas izdzer se\u0161as un vair\u0101k alkoholisk\u0101s vien\u012bbas (vien\u0101 reiz\u0113), saskaras ar 57% augst\u0101ku mirst\u012bbu nek\u0101 tie, kas dzer maz\u0101k.<\/p>\n<p>Interesanti, ka p\u0113t\u012bjums par saikni starp mirst\u012bbu un tabakas lieto\u0161anu par\u0101d\u012bja, ka piln\u012bga atteik\u0161an\u0101s no tabakas kop\u0101 ar m\u0113renu alkohola lieto\u0161anu noz\u012bm\u0113 iev\u0113rojamu mirst\u012bbas samazin\u0101jumu.<\/p>\n<p>Cita str\u012bd\u012bga joma bija saist\u012bta ar izv\u0113l\u0113t\u0101 alkoholisk\u0101 dz\u0113riena veidu. Francijas paradokss (zemais mirst\u012bbas l\u012bmenis no sirds i\u0161\u0113misk\u0101s slim\u012bbas Francij\u0101) \u013c\u0101va pie\u0146emt, ka sarkanais v\u012bns ir \u012bpa\u0161i izdev\u012bgs vesel\u012bbai. \u0160o specifisko efektu var\u0113ja izskaidrot ar antioksidantu kl\u0101tb\u016btni v\u012bn\u0101. Tom\u0113r p\u0113t\u012bjumos neizdev\u0101s par\u0101d\u012bt b\u016btiskas at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas starp sirds i\u0161\u0113misk\u0101s slim\u012bbas risku un izv\u0113l\u0113to alkoholisko dz\u0113rienu veidu. K\u0101p\u0113c sarkanais, nevis baltais? K\u0101p\u0113c ne konjaks? \u012asum\u0101, viss ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti.<\/p>\n<p>Ko noteikti nevajadz\u0113tu dar\u012bt, ir dzert kop\u0101 ar medikamentiem.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101 jau iepriek\u0161 par\u0101d\u012bts, alkohola iedarb\u012bba uz organismu ir \u013coti sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta un da\u013c\u0113ji \u2014 v\u0113l joproj\u0101m nav piln\u012bgi izp\u0113t\u012bta. Kad \u0161aj\u0101 mais\u012bjum\u0101 tiek pievienots k\u0101ds farmaceitisks prepar\u0101ts, situ\u0101cija k\u013c\u016bst pavisam neskaidra.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pirmk\u0101rt, z\u0101\u013cu efektivit\u0101te var main\u012bties \u2014 un neprognoz\u0113jami. Par dev\u0101m visp\u0101r nav runas.<\/li>\n<li>Otrk\u0101rt \u2014 bioh\u012bmisk\u0101 sv\u0101rst\u012bba, ko izraisa etanols, nezin\u0101ms, k\u0101 ietekm\u0113s prepar\u0101tu. T\u0101 var palielin\u0101t blakuspar\u0101d\u012bbas. Var piln\u012bb\u0101 padar\u012bt to nevajadz\u012bgu (nerun\u0101jot par blakuspar\u0101d\u012bb\u0101m, protams). Un var ar\u012b izrais\u012bt n\u0101vi. Neviens to nezina.<\/li>\n<li>Tre\u0161k\u0101rt \u2014 aknas, kas jau t\u0101 c\u012bn\u0101s ar nezin\u0101miem farmaceitiskiem savienojumiem, \u013coti neapmierin\u0101s ar nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu ar\u012b p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101t alkoholu. Var ar\u012b piln\u012bb\u0101 atteikties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nParasti prepar\u0101tu instrukcij\u0101s (kas t\u0101s lasa?) min iesp\u0113ju lietot kop\u0101 ar alkoholu \u2014 bet tas ir, ja ir p\u0101rbaud\u012bts. Bet var m\u0113\u0123in\u0101t ar\u012b pats \u2014 un p\u0113c tam past\u0101st\u012bt visiem par savu pieredzi. Nu, ja Tev ir v\u0113l viens \u0137ermenis rezerv\u0113.<\/p>\n<p>No t\u0101, ko esmu jau iepriek\u0161 rakst\u012bjis:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vienlaic\u012bga aspir\u012bna (acetilsalicilsk\u0101bes) un alkohola lieto\u0161ana var izrais\u012bt ku\u0146\u0123a g\u013cot\u0101das erozijas un asi\u0146o\u0161anu.<\/li>\n<li>Alkohola lieto\u0161ana negat\u012bvi ietekm\u0113 vitam\u012bnu terapijas rezult\u0101tus. \u012apa\u0161i gremo\u0161anas trakta boj\u0101jumi noved pie t\u0101, ka peror\u0101li uz\u0146emti vitam\u012bni slikti uzs\u016bcas un metaboliz\u0113jas, k\u0101 ar\u012b trauc\u0113 to p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161anos akt\u012bv\u0101 form\u0101. Tas \u012bpa\u0161i attiecas uz vitam\u012bniem B1, B6, PP, B12, C, A, folijsk\u0101bi.<\/li>\n<li>Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana pastiprina alkohola toksisko iedarb\u012bbu \u2014 gan no oksidat\u012bvo procesu apspie\u0161anas viedok\u013ca d\u0113\u013c sk\u0101bek\u013ca tr\u016bkuma (atceramies par acetaldeh\u012bdu, j\u0101), gan no nikot\u012bna un alkohola blo\u0137\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas viedok\u013ca uz receptoriem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u012as\u0101k sakot, attiec\u012bbas ar alkoholu ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas. Neviens prec\u012bzi nezina, vai tas ir labi vai slikti, bet piln\u012bgi atteikties no t\u0101 neviens nesteidzas.<\/p>\n<p>Izv\u0113le ir tava.<\/p>\n<p>Uz \u0161\u012bs optimistisk\u0101s nots \u2014 es no jums atvados. Ceru, ka atkal esmu bijis interesants.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>V\u012bns \u2014 m\u016bsu draugs, bet taj\u0101 sl\u0113pjas vilt\u012bba: <br \/>\nDzerot daudz \u2014 inde, dzerot maz \u2014 z\u0101les. <br \/>\nNep\u0101rsp\u012bl\u0113 ar sevi un nenodari sev p\u0101ri, <br \/>\nDzer m\u0113reni \u2014 un dz\u012bves valst\u012bba ilgs...<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n<i> \u2014 Ab\u016b Al\u012b Husein ibn Abdull\u0101h ibn al-Hass\u0101n ibn Al\u012b ibn S\u012bn\u0101 (Avice\u0146s)<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Tikai re\u0123istr\u0113tie lietot\u0101ji var piedal\u012bties aptauj\u0101. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Pieteikties<\/a><\/noindex>, l\u016bdzu.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Kura da\u013ca tev patika visvair\u0101k?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"content-list content-list_polling\">\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Visbais\u0101kie ind\u0113m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie indes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Nobalsoju\u0161i 4 lietot\u0101ji. Attur\u0113j\u0101s 1 lietot\u0101js.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450398\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, %username%! \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441 \u00ab\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u044b\u00bb. \u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u042f \u0440\u0430\u0434, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0445\u0438\u0442-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u2014 \u043d\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436, \u044f \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0451, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433. \u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24664,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, %username%! \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/samye-nestrashnye-yady\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.5\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lv_LV\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u044b | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0418 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, %username%! \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/samye-nestrashnye-yady\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:49:36+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:49:36+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Vismaz\u0101k b\u012bstamie ind\u012bgi | ProHoster","description":"Un v\u0113lreiz sveiciens, %username%! 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