{"id":33184,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:13","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:13","slug":"reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 izlaidums","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Red Hat uz\u0146\u0113mums <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/about\/press-releases\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-every-enterprise-every-cloud-every-workload\">ir public\u0113jis<\/a><\/noindex> izlaista versija <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/products\/red-hat-enterprise-linux\/\">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8<\/a><\/noindex>. Instal\u0101cijas komplekti ir sagatavoti x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le un Aarch64 arhitekt\u016br\u0101m, bet  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/downloads\/\">pieejami<\/a><\/noindex> lai <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/technologies\/linux-platforms\/enterprise-linux\/try-it\">lejupl\u0101d\u0113tu<\/a><\/noindex> tikai re\u0123istr\u0113tiem lietot\u0101jiem Red Hat Customer Portal. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 avota kodi tiek izplat\u012bti caur <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.centos.org\/\">Git repozitorijs<\/a><\/noindex> CentOS. \u0160is izplat\u012bjums tiks atbalst\u012bts vismaz l\u012bdz 2029. gadam.<\/p>\n<p>Jaunas \u0161\u0137irnes izveid\u0113 izmantotas tehnolo\u0123ijas, kas ietvertas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48524\">Fedora 28<\/a><\/noindex>. Jaun\u0101 \u0161\u0137irne ir iev\u0113rojama ar autom\u0101tisku p\u0101reju uz Wayland, iptables aizvieto\u0161anu ar nftables, pamata komponentu atjaunin\u0101\u0161anu (kodols 4.18, GCC 8), DNF pakot\u0146u p\u0101rvaldnieka izmanto\u0161anu viet\u0101 YUM un modu\u013cu repozitoriju izmanto\u0161anu, k\u0101 ar\u012b KDE un Btrfs atbalsta p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu. <\/p>\n<p>Galvenie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/8.0_release_notes\/index\">izmai\u0146as<\/a><\/noindex>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0101reja uz pakot\u0146u p\u0101rvaldnieku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=45730\">DNF<\/a><\/noindex> ar saskarnes sl\u0101ni sader\u012bbai ar Yum komandrindas opciju l\u012bmen\u012b. Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar Yum, DNF pied\u0101v\u0101 iev\u0113rojami augst\u0101ku veiktsp\u0113ju un zem\u0101ku atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146u, lab\u0101k p\u0101rvalda atkar\u012bbas un atbalsta pakot\u0146u grup\u0113\u0161anu modu\u013cos;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Iedal\u012bjums pamatrepozitorij\u0101 BaseOS un modu\u013cu repo zitorij\u0101 AppStream. BaseOS izplat\u0101s minim\u0101lais nepiecie\u0161amais pakot\u0146u kl\u0101sts sist\u0113mas darb\u012bbai, visi p\u0101r\u0113jie <noindex>p\u0101rvietoti<\/noindex> AppStream repo zitorij\u0101. AppStream var lietot divos variantos: k\u0101 klasisko RPM repo zitoriju un k\u0101 modu\u013cu form\u0101ta repo zitoriju.\n<p>Modu\u013cu repo zitorijs pied\u0101v\u0101 grup\u0113tus modu\u013cos rpm pakot\u0146u komplektus, kuru atbalsts tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ts neatkar\u012bgi no izplat\u012b\u0161anas laidieniem. Modu\u013cus var izmantot, lai instal\u0113tu alternat\u012bvas konkr\u0113tas lietojumprogrammas versijas (piem\u0113ram, var uzst\u0101d\u012bt PostgreSQL 9.6 vai PostgreSQL 10). Modu\u013cu organiz\u0101cija \u013cauj lietot\u0101jam p\u0101riet uz jauniem b\u016btiskiem programmat\u016bras laidieniem, nesagaidot jauno izplat\u012b\u0161anas laidienu, un palikt pie vec\u0101k\u0101m, bet v\u0113l atbalst\u012bt\u0101m versij\u0101m p\u0113c izplat\u012bjuma atjaunin\u0101\u0161anas. Modu\u013ci ietver pamatlieto\u0161anas programmu un nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s bibliot\u0113kas (citas modu\u013cus var izmantot k\u0101 atkar\u012bbas);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> K\u0101 noklus\u0113juma darbvirsma tiek ieteikta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48263\">GNOME 3.28<\/a><\/noindex> ar noklus\u0113juma Wayland b\u0101z\u0113tu displeja serveri. X.Org Server b\u0101z\u0113ta vide ir pieejama k\u0101 opcija. No komplekta ir iz\u0146emti KDE darbvirsmas pakotnes, atst\u0101jot tikai GNOME atbalstu;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux kods balst\u012bts uz izlai\u0161anas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49040\">4.18<\/a><\/noindex>. Noklus\u0113juma kompilatoru izmanto <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48535\">GCC 8.2<\/a><\/noindex>. Sist\u0113mas bibliot\u0113ka Glibc ir atjaunin\u0101ta uz izlai\u0161anu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49059\">2.28<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Noklus\u0113juma programm\u0113\u0161anas valodas Python realiz\u0101cija ir Python 3.6. Ierobe\u017eota atbalsta versija Python 2.7 nav iek\u013cauta pamatapg\u0101d\u0113, to nepiecie\u0161ams instal\u0113t atsevi\u0161\u0137i. Atjaunin\u0101tas versijas Ruby 2.5, PHP 7.2, Perl 5.26, Node.js 10, Java 8 un 11, Clang\/LLVM Toolset 6.0, .NET Core 2.1, Git 2.17, Mercurial 4.8, Subversion 1.10. Iek\u013cauta CMake (3.11) b\u016bvniec\u012bbas sist\u0113ma;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Anaconda instal\u0113t\u0101j\u0101 pievienota atbalsts sist\u0113mas instal\u0113\u0161anai uz NVDIMM zibatmi\u0146\u0101m;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Instal\u0113t\u0101j\u0101 un sist\u0113m\u0101 pievienota iesp\u0113ja \u0161ifr\u0113t diskus, izmantojot LUKS2 form\u0101tu, kas nomain\u012bjis iepriek\u0161\u0113jo LUKS1 form\u0101tu (dm-crypt un cryptsetup LUKS2 tagad pied\u0101v\u0101 k\u0101 noklus\u0113juma izv\u0113li). LUKS2 izce\u013cas ar vienk\u0101r\u0161otu atsl\u0113gu p\u0101rvald\u012bbas sist\u0113mu, sp\u0113ju izmantot lielas sektoru izm\u0113rus (4096 pret 512, samazina slodzi \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas proces\u0101), simboliskajiem nodal\u012bjumu identifikatoriem (label) un metadatu rezerves kop\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ciem ar iesp\u0113ju autom\u0101tiski atjaunot no kopijas, ja tiek konstat\u0113ta boj\u0101jums.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota jauna util\u012bta Composer, kas pied\u0101v\u0101 r\u012bkus, lai izveidotu piel\u0101gotus starta sist\u0113mas att\u0113lus, kas piem\u0113roti da\u017e\u0101du m\u0101ko\u0146u platformu izvieto\u0161anai;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atbalsts Btrfs failu sist\u0113mai ir no\u0146emts. Vairs nav iek\u013cauts btrfs.ko kodu modulis, btrfs-progs util\u012btas un snapper pakotne;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Iek\u013cauts r\u012bku komplekts <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49381\">Stratis<\/a><\/noindex>, kas nodro\u0161ina l\u012bdzek\u013cus viena vai vair\u0101ku viet\u0113jo zibatmi\u0146u grup\u0113\u0161anas un p\u0101rvald\u012bbas vienk\u0101r\u0161o\u0161anai un racionaliz\u0113\u0161anai. Stratis ir ieviests sl\u0101n\u012b (stratisd demons), kas balst\u012bts uz devicemapper un XFS apak\u0161sist\u0113mu, un \u013cauj izmantot t\u0101das iesp\u0113jas k\u0101 dinamiska vietas pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161ana, momentuz\u0146\u0113mumi, ticam\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana un sl\u0101\u0146u izveido\u0161ana ke\u0161atmi\u0146ai, neprasot glab\u0101t\u0101ju administr\u0101cijas ekspertu kvalifik\u0101ciju;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ieviesti visp\u0101r\u0113jie kriptogr\u0101fisko apak\u0161sist\u0113mu konfigur\u0101cijas politikas, kas aptver TLS, IPSec, SSH, DNSSec un Kerberos protokolus. Izmantojot komandu update-crypto-policies, tagad var izv\u0113l\u0113ties vienu no<br \/>\nkriptoval\u016btu izv\u0113les re\u017e\u012bmiem: default, legacy, future un fips. Noklus\u0113juma versija ir <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49255\">OpenSSL 1.1.1<\/a><\/noindex> ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta visp\u0101r\u0113ja atbalsta sist\u0113ma viedkart\u0113m un HSM (Hardware Security Modules) ar PKCS#11 \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas \u017eetoniem;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aizst\u0101jot iptables, ip6tables, arptables un ebtables, tiek ieviests pakot\u0146u filtrs nftables, kas tagad tiek izmantots p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma un izce\u013cas ar pakot\u0146u filtr\u0113\u0161anas saskarnes vienot\u012bbu IPv4, IPv6, ARP un t\u012bkla tiltus. Nftables nodro\u0161ina tikai kop\u012bgu saskarni pakalpojumu l\u012bmen\u012b, neatkar\u012bgi no konkr\u0113t\u0101 protokola, un sniedz pamata funkcijas datu izvilk\u0161anai no pakotn\u0113m, datu oper\u0101cij\u0101m un pl\u016bsmas p\u0101rvald\u012bbai. Tie\u0161i filtr\u0113\u0161anas lo\u0123ika un protokolam specifiskie apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji tiek kompil\u0113ti bajtkod\u0101 lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101, p\u0113c tam \u0161is bajtkods tiek iel\u0101d\u0113ts kodol\u0101, izmantojot Netlink saskarni, un tiek izpild\u012bts speci\u0101l\u0101 virtu\u0101l\u0101 ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101, kas atg\u0101dina BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Firewalld demons p\u0101rg\u0101jis uz nftables izmanto\u0161anu k\u0101 noklus\u0113juma aizmugur\u0113jo. Lai viegl\u0101k p\u0101rv\u0113rstu vec\u0101s noteikumus, ir pievienoti r\u012bki iptables-translate un ip6tables-translate;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu t\u012bkla sazi\u0146u starp vair\u0101kiem konteineriem, ir pievienota atbalsta nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana virtu\u0101l\u0101s t\u012bkla uzb\u016bvei IPVLAN;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pamatkomplekt\u0101 iek\u013cauts http-serveris nginx (1.14). Apache httpd ir atjaunin\u0101ts l\u012bdz versijai 2.4.35, bet OpenSSH l\u012bdz 7.8p1.\n<p> No DB tiek pied\u0101v\u0101tas MySQL 8.0, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 9.6\/10 un Redis 4.0. MongoDB netika iek\u013cauta, jo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49449\">p\u0101reja<\/a><\/noindex> uz jauno SSPL licenci, kas pa\u0161laik netiek atz\u012bta par atv\u0113rtu;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir moderniz\u0113ti virtualiz\u0101cijas komponenti. Noklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos, veidojot virtu\u0101los apar\u0101tus, tiek izmantots tips <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.qemu.org\/Features\/Q35\">Q35<\/a><\/noindex> (ICH9 sh\u0113mas emul\u0101cija) ar PCI Express atbalstu. Virtu\u0101lo apar\u0101tu izveid\u0113 un p\u0101rvald\u0113 tagad var izmantot Cockpit t\u012bmek\u013ca interfeisu. Virt-manager saskarne ir pasludin\u0101ta par novecoju\u0161u. QEMU ir atjaunots l\u012bdz versijai  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48493\">2.12<\/a><\/noindex>. QEMU ir ieviesta sandbox-izol\u0101cijas re\u017e\u012bms, ierobe\u017eojot sist\u0113mas izsaukumus, kurus var izmantot QEMU komponenti;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots atbalsts eBPF balst\u012btu izseko\u0161anas meh\u0101nismu atbalstam, tostarp ar SystemTap (4.0) r\u012bkiem. Iek\u013cauti r\u012bki BPF-programmu izveidei un iel\u0101dei;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienots eksperiment\u0101ls atbalsts XDP (eXpress Data Path) apak\u0161sist\u0113mai, kas \u013cauj Linux vid\u0113 palaist BPF-programmas t\u012bkla draivera l\u012bmen\u012b, \u013caujot tie\u0161u piek\u013cuvi pakot\u0146u DMA-buferim un vispirms punktam pirms skbuff bufera pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas t\u012bkla stekam;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Komplekt\u0101 ir iek\u013cauta r\u012bku programmat\u016bra boom, lai p\u0101rvald\u012btu bootloader iestat\u012bjumus. Boom atvieglo t\u0101du darb\u012bbu veik\u0161anu k\u0101 jaunu boot ierakstu izveide, piem\u0113ram, ja nepiecie\u0161ams palai\u0161ana no LVM snapshot. Boom ir ierobe\u017eots tikai l\u012bdz jaunu boot ierakstu pievieno\u0161anai un to nevar izmantot, lai main\u012btu jau eso\u0161os;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Iek\u013cauta viegla r\u012bku kopa izol\u0113tu konteineru p\u0101rvald\u012bbai, izmantojot konteineru veido\u0161anai,  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/daemon-haunted-container-world-no-longer-introducing-buildah-10\">Buildah<\/a><\/noindex>, lai s\u0101ktu &#8212; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.redhat.com\/articles\/podman-next-generation-linux-container-tools\/\">Podman<\/a><\/noindex>  un lai mekl\u0113tu gatavas izv\u0113les &#8212; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.openshift.com\/promoting-container-images-between-registries-with-skopeo\/\">Skopeo<\/a><\/noindex>;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Papla\u0161in\u0101tas iesp\u0113jas, kas saist\u012btas ar klasteriz\u0101ciju. Klasteru resursu p\u0101rvaldnieks Pacemaker ir atjaunin\u0101ts uz versiju 2.0. R\u012bk\u0101  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ClusterLabs\/pcs\">pcs<\/a><\/noindex> nodro\u0161in\u0101ta piln\u012bga atbalsts Corosync 3, knet un piek\u013cuve p\u0113c mezglu nosaukumiem;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pazi\u0146ots par noveco\u0161anu un tagad netiek iek\u013cauti p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma klasiskie t\u012bkla konfigur\u0101cijas skripti (network-scripts). Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu atpaka\u013csader\u012bbu, skriptu ifup un ifdown viet\u0101 ir pievienoti apvalki virs NetworkManager, kas darbojas caur r\u012bku nmcli;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/considerations_in_adopting_rhel_8\/index\">No\u0146emti<\/a><\/noindex> paketi: crypto-utils, cvs, dmraid, empathy, finger, gnote, gstreamer, ImageMagick, mgetty, phonon, pm-utils, rdist, ntp (aizvietots ar chrony), qemu (aizvietots ar qemu-kvm), qt (aizvietots ar qt5-qt), rsh, rt, rubygems (tagad ietilpst pamatpaket\u0113 ruby), system-config-firewall, tcp_wrappers, wxGTK.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir sagatavots univers\u0101ls b\u0101zes att\u0113ls (UBI, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/introducing-red-hat-universal-base-image\">Universal Base Image<\/a><\/noindex>) konteineru izveidei, tostarp \u013caujot izveidot viena lietojuma konteinerus. UBI ietver minim\u0101lu samazin\u0101tu vidi, runtime papla\u0161in\u0101jumus programm\u0113\u0161anas valodu atbalstam (nodejs, ruby, python, php, perl) un papildu pakot\u0146u kopu repozitorij\u0101.\n<\/li>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Avots: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50644\">opennet.lv<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0438 Aarch64, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c Red Hat Customer Portal. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b rpm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 CentOS. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u043e 2029 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. 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