{"id":34006,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","slug":"printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","title":{"rendered":"VRRP protokola darb\u012bbas princips","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol)<\/b> \u2014 protokolu \u0123imene, kas paredz\u0113ta noklus\u0113juma ieejas v\u0101rtejas redundances izveidei. Kop\u0113j\u0101 ideja \u0161iem protokoliem ir vair\u0101ku mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ju apvieno\u0161ana vien\u0101 virtu\u0101l\u0101 mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101j\u0101 ar kop\u0113ju IP adresi. \u0160\u012b IP adrese tiks pie\u0161\u0137irta viesdatoru adres\u0113m k\u0101 noklus\u0113juma v\u0101rtejas adrese. Br\u012bv\u0101 realiz\u0101cija \u0161ai idejai ir protokols VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). \u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 apl\u016bkosim VRRP protokola pamatus.<\/p>\n

\"VRRP<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVRRP mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ji apvienojas vien\u0101 virtu\u0101l\u0101 mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101j\u0101. Visi grup\u0101 eso\u0161ie mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ji ir vienas kop\u012bgas virtu\u0101l\u0101s IP (VIP) adreses un kop\u0113ja grupas numura vai VRID (Virtual Router Identifier) \u012bpa\u0161nieki. Viens mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js var piedal\u012bties vair\u0101k\u0101s grup\u0101s, katrai no kur\u0101m j\u0101b\u016bt ar savu unik\u0101lo VIP\/VRID p\u0101ri.<\/p>\n

Cisco gad\u012bjum\u0101 virtu\u0101lo mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ju iestata uz attiec\u012bg\u0101 interfeisa ar komandu:<\/p>\n

R1(config-if)# vrrp  ip<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVisus mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jus var iedal\u012bt divos tipos: VRRP Master un VRRP Backup. <\/p>\n
VRRP Master<\/b> \u2014 tas ir mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js, kas nodarbojas ar pakot\u0146u p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu attiec\u012bgajai virtu\u0101lajai grupai. <\/p>\n
VRRP Backup<\/b> \u2014 tas ir mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js, kas gaida paketi no Master. Ja paketes no Master vairs nenok\u013c\u016bst, Backup m\u0113\u0123ina p\u0101riet uz Master st\u0101vokli. <\/p>\n
Mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js k\u013c\u016bst par Master, ja tam ir augst\u0101kais priorit\u0101te. Master nep\u0101rtraukti izs\u016bta zi\u0146ojumus uz pla\u0161a adresa 224.0.0.18, lai inform\u0113tu Backup mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jus, ka tas darbojas. Master nos\u016bta zi\u0146ojumus atbilsto\u0161i Adver Timer taimerim, kas p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir 1 sekunde. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\n\u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 k\u0101 s\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja MAC adrese tiek izmantota grupas adrese 00:00:5E:00:01:xx, kur xx ir VRID heksadecim\u0101laj\u0101 form\u0101t\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 piem\u0113r\u0101 tiek izmantota pirm\u0101 grupa. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nJa Backup mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ji neieg\u016bst zi\u0146ojumus tr\u012bs Adver Timer (Master Down Timer) laik\u0101, jaunais Master k\u013c\u016bst mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js ar visaugst\u0101ko priorit\u0101ti vai mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js ar augst\u0101ko IP. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 Backup mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js ar augst\u0101ku priorit\u0101ti p\u0101r\u0146ems Master lomu no zem\u0101kas priorit\u0101tes. Tom\u0113r, ja Backup re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 nav aktiviz\u0113ta preempt funkcija, Backup nep\u0101r\u0146ems lomu no Master. <\/p>\n
R1(config-if)# no vrrp  preempt<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJa VRRP mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js ir VIP adreses \u012bpa\u0161nieks, tad tas vienm\u0113r p\u0101r\u0146ems Master lomu. <\/p>\n
VRRP priorit\u0101ti nosaka 1 l\u012bdz 254. V\u0113rt\u012bba 0 ir rezerv\u0113ta gad\u012bjumiem, kad Master ir nepiecie\u0161ams no\u0146emt<\/i> uz sevi atbild\u012bbu par mar\u0161rutiz\u0101ciju. V\u0113rt\u012bba 255 tiek noteikta mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jam, kas ir VIP \u012bpa\u0161nieks. Noklus\u0113juma priorit\u0101te ir 100, bet to var noteikt administrat\u012bvi:<\/p>\n
R1(config-if)#vrrp  priority<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0160eit m\u0113s varam redz\u0113t mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ja priorit\u0101ti, kad t\u0101 ir noteikta administrat\u012bvi:<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nUn \u0161eit ir gad\u012bjums, kad mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js ir VIP \u012bpa\u0161nieks:<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nVRRP mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js var b\u016bt tr\u012bs st\u0101vok\u013cos: Initialize, Backup, Master. \u0160os st\u0101vok\u013cus mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js sec\u012bgi maina. <\/p>\n
Initialize st\u0101vokl\u012b mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js gaida darb\u012bbas s\u0101kumu. Ja \u0161is mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js ir VIP adreses \u012bpa\u0161nieks (priorit\u0101te ir 255), tad mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js s\u016bta zi\u0146ojumus, ka k\u013c\u016bst Master. Vi\u0146\u0161 ar\u012b nos\u016bta gratuitous ARP piepras\u012bjumu<\/a><\/noindex>, kur\u0101 avota MAC adrese ir virtu\u0101l\u0101 mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ja adrese. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101riet uz Master st\u0101vokli. Ja mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js nav VIP \u012bpa\u0161nieks, tad vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101riet uz Backup st\u0101vokli. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nBackup st\u0101vokl\u012b mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js gaida paketes no Master. Mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js \u0161aj\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b neatbild uz ARP piepras\u012bjumiem no VIP adreses. T\u0101pat vi\u0146\u0161 nepie\u0146em paketes, kuru m\u0113r\u0137a adrese ir virtu\u0101l\u0101 mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ja MAC adrese. <\/p>\n
Ja Backup nesa\u0146em zi\u0146ojumus no Master noteikt\u0101 Master Down Timer laik\u0101, tad vi\u0146\u0161 s\u016bta VRRP zi\u0146ojumu, ka gras\u0101s k\u013c\u016bt par Master. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146\u0161 nos\u016bta pla\u0161a apjoma VRRP zi\u0146ojumu, kur\u0101 avota MAC adrese ir \u0161\u012b virtu\u0101l\u0101 mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ja adrese. \u0160aj\u0101 zi\u0146ojum\u0101 mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js nor\u0101da savu priorit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n
Master st\u0101vokl\u012b mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js apstr\u0101d\u0101 paketes, kas adres\u0113tas virtu\u0101lajam mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jam. Vi\u0146\u0161 ar\u012b atbild uz ARP piepras\u012bjumiem uz VIP. Master izs\u016bta VRRP zi\u0146ojumus katras Adver Timer period\u0101, lai apstiprin\u0101tu, ka darbojas. <\/p>\n
*May 13 19:52:18.531: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 state Init -> Backup\n*May 13 19:52:21.751: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 state Backup -> Master<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVRRP ar\u012b \u013cauj l\u012bdzsvarot slodzi starp vair\u0101kiem mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jiem. Lai to izdar\u012btu, vien\u0101 interfeis\u0101 tiek izveidotas divas VRRP grupas. Vienai grupai tiek pie\u0161\u0137irta liel\u0101ka priorit\u0101te nek\u0101 otrai. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 otr\u0101 mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ja priorit\u0101te tiek noteikta pret\u0113ji. T.i., ja vienam mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jam pirm\u0101s grupas priorit\u0101te ir 100, bet otr\u0101s grupas - 200, tad otram mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jam pirm\u0101s grupas priorit\u0101te b\u016bs 200, bet otr\u0101s 100. <\/p>\n
K\u0101 min\u0113ts iepriek\u0161, katrai grupai j\u0101b\u016bt savam unik\u0101lam VIP. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di m\u0113s ieg\u016bstam divus IP adreses, kuras apkalpo divi mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ji, katrs no kuriem var kalpot k\u0101 noklus\u0113juma v\u0101rti. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nPus\u0113 datoru tiek pie\u0161\u0137irta viena noklus\u0113juma v\u0101rti adrese, pus\u0113 otra. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di puse satiksmes pl\u016bd\u012bs caur vienu mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ju, bet otra puse caur otru. Ja viens no mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jiem atteiksies, otrs p\u0101r\u0146ems abu VIP darbu.<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nT\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di VRRP \u013cauj organiz\u0113t noklus\u0113juma v\u0101rti iztur\u012bbu, palielinot t\u012bkla uzticam\u012bbu. Un, ja izmanto vair\u0101kus virtu\u0101los mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jus, var ar\u012b izl\u0101d\u0113t slodzi starp re\u0101lajiem mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101jiem. Ats\u0137ir\u0161an\u0101s reakcijas laiku var samazin\u0101t, samazinot taimerus.
\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Protokola VRRP darb\u012bbas princips | ProHoster","description":"FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 protokolu \u0123imene, kas paredz\u0113ta noklus\u0113juma v\u0101rti iztur\u012bbas 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